PhD Opportunities
Possible research topics to be undertaken in the Electronics and Nanoscale Engineering Division of the James Watt School of Engineering are given below. If you are interested in any of these projects, you should email the prospective supervisor for discussing your intentions.
The School of Engineering has a limited number of scholarships to offer to excellent candidates, application shall be discussed with the potential supervisor.
MEMS Gravity Gradiometers
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Guiding and Trapping Cold Atoms using Photonic Integrated Circuits
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Cold atoms are produced by shining laser light of specific wavelengths onto atoms so that the momentum of the absorbed photons slows the atoms. As the temperature of the atoms is proportional to the square of the velocity of atoms, the atoms are cooled and can be cooled to microKelvin temperatures. The cooling reduces the frequency uncertainty of the atomic transitions allowing more accurate atomic clocks and sensors to be produced. Most experiments use complicated optical set ups in large vacuum chambers to enable the cooling of atoms from a thermal gas cloud. These large laboratory systems have demonstrated high performance atomic clocks, accelerometers, gravimeters and gyroscopes but are too large and impractical for most real world applications. This project aims to develop chip scale atomic traps using waveguides and photonic integrated circuits to control light that can trap atoms on silicon chips. Red detuned light from atomic transitions of the outer electron in alkali atoms attracts atoms whilst blue detuned light will repeal atoms. By using both red and blue detuned light, a potential well trap for atoms can be produced. This project will use red and blue detuned light in the evanescent tail of a waveguide to trap atoms a few 100s nm away from a waveguide on a photonic integrated circuit. MEMS microfluidic channels will be integrated to the chips to aid pre-cooling the atoms to enable more efficient atomic traps. The work will be supervised by Prof Douglas Paul as part of a prestigious Royal Academy of Engineering Chair in Emerging Technologies and an EPSRC Programme Grant "Chip-scale atomic systems for a quantum navigator" aiming to deliver a quantum navigator that could fit inside a mobile phone. The work will include being trained in the micro- and nano-fabrication of devices in the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre combined with simulation and full characterisation of the devices using electronic and optical techniques. The successful student will be working in a research group with access to the top researchers in academia and industry from the UK Quantum Technology programme and internationally through collaborations. They will also be able to present their work at some of the top international conferences in quantum technology. Requirements The highly motivated student should have a first class or upper second class undergraduate degree in physics, engineering, photonics, nanotechnology, materials science or an equivalent degree from a reputable university. Background knowledge of semiconductors and optics / photonics would be beneficial but is not essential. No prior nano-fabrication experience is required - you will be fully trained during the PhD. You must be self-motivated, have good interpersonal skills, and be interested in conducting interdisciplinary work that combines theory, simulation, fabrication and characterisation. They will design and simulate atomic traps, fabricate them in the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre cleanroom and undertake testing to determine the performance. The skills acquired during the PhD will make the student highly employable in the developing quantum technology field globally where there is already a significant and growing demand for suitably qualified expert people. Previous PhD graduate students of Prof Paul hold a range of research fellowships, senior academic positions as well as senior positions in companies including ARM, ASML, Kelvin Nanotechnology, Sivers Photonics, Vector Photonics, Smart Photonics, Dixons Carphone, patent lawyers and multiple financial investment companies.
If you would like to apply, please contact Douglas.Paul@glasgow.ac.uk.
You can also find details of the application process at: http://www.gla.ac.uk/research/opportunities/howtoapplyforaresearchdegree/.
Added 10/1/25 |
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A Chip-scale Optical Atomic Clock
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The project aims to combining miniature diode lasers, photonic integrated circuits and MEMS vapour cells with atoms in a gas to develop a chip-scale optical atomic clock. By locking the frequency of a narrow-linewidth diode laser output to an atomic transition from shining the laser light through a gas of atoms, the frequency can be made extremely stable which provides long term timing accuracy since time is 1/frequency. A frequency comb is then used to take the stable optical signal and down-convert this to an electrical output at MHz or GHz through the beat frequency from interference defined by the path length of a microring optical resonator. The project aims to develop microfabricated versions of all these components and heterogeneously integrate them together into a single-chip optical atomic clock. Most of our timing that society depends on for running critical national infrastructure (utilities, communications, navigation, etc...) comes from GPS satellite signals but these are easy to jam or spoof with a London Economics estimating a potential loss of £7.6Bn to the UK economy over 3 days if they were disrupted as stated in the UK National Risk Register 2023. Hold over clocks with sufficient accuracy and stability are therefore required but at present these are too large and expensive. While far cheaper chip scale atomic clocks are commercially available, their accuracy is only about 1 microsecond/day whilst many critical national infrastructure applications requires 1 nanosecond/day accuracy. Recently optical atomic clocks have been demonstrated in laboratories which have nanosecond/day accuracies but to date have been large and composed of discrete components on optics benches. This project aims to reduce the size, weight, power and cost of such optical atomic clocks for practical applications including navigation, telecoms and utility distribution. The work will be supervised by Prof Douglas Paul as part of a prestigious Royal Academy of Engineering Chair in Emerging Technologies and an EPSRC Programme Grant "Chip-scale atomic systems for a quantum navigator" aiming to deliver a quantum navigator that could fit inside a mobile phone. The work will include being trained in the micro- and nano-fabrication of devices in the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre combined with simulation and full characterisation of the devices using electronic and optical techniques. The successful student will be working in a research group with access to the top researchers in academia and industry from the UK Quantum Technology programme and internationally through collaborations. They will also be able to present their work at some of the top international conferences in quantum technology.
Requirements The highly motivated student should have a first class or upper second class undergraduate degree in physics, engineering, photonics, nanotechnology, materials science or an equivalent degree from a reputable university. Background knowledge of semiconductors and optics / photonics would be beneficial but is not essential. No prior nano-fabrication experience is required - you will be fully trained during the PhD. You must be self-motivated, have good interpersonal skills, and be interested in conducting interdisciplinary work that combines theory, simulation, fabrication and characterisation. They will design and simulate atomic traps, fabricate them in the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre cleanroom and undertake testing to determine the performance.
The skills acquired during the PhD will make the student highly employable in the developing quantum technology field globally where there is already a significant and growing demand for suitably qualified expert people. Previous PhD graduate students of Prof Paul hold a range of research fellowships, senior academic positions as well as senior positions in companies including ARM, ASML, Kelvin Nanotechnology, Sivers Photonics, Vector Photonics, Smart Photonics, Dixons Carphone, patent lawyers and multiple financial investment companies.
If you would like to apply, please contact Douglas.Paul@glasgow.ac.uk.
You can also find details of the application process at: http://www.gla.ac.uk/research/opportunities/howtoapplyforaresearchdegree/. Added 10/1/25 |
PhD studentship in terahertz (THz) quantum technology
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The School of Engineering of the University of Glasgow is seeking a highly motivated graduate to undertake an exciting 3.5-year fully funded PhD project entitled ‘’Chip-scale Terahertz (THz) Quantum Technology’’ under the supervision of Dr Kaveh Delfanazari. Our team invites ambitious PhD candidates to join us in advancing terahertz (THz) technology through the integration of quantum materials in novel devices and circuits. This project leverages advanced materials (such as superconductors, van der Waals, graphene, semiconductors and topological insulators) to develop chip-scale THz devices including coherent light sources, modulators, and sensors. Working across the microwave to near-infrared spectrum, the research focuses on creating high-performance, scalable components for applications in quantum communication, sensing, and computation. As part of this project, candidates will gain expertise in material processing, device fabrication, circuit and chip design, and THz device/circuit testing. Ideal applicants will have a background in physics, materials science, or electrical engineering and a passion for applying quantum devices to next-generation technology. Join our team to contribute to this transformative field and shape the future of quantum-enabled THz systems. Application for this scholarship is made by using the online system at the following link: (please select from list) Please note that this application is to gain admission to our PGR programme, and an offer of admission may be issued before a decision on this Scholarship is made. Candidates applying for this Scholarship will most likely have an interview/discussion with the supervisor before any decision is made.
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Fabrication of Transient Electronic Systems.
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Fabrication and Functionalisation of Transient Electronic Healthcare Devices.
The convergence of environmental consciousness and technological innovation has given rise to a new frontier in electronic systems – one that seeks to merge the demands of sustainability with the impermanence required in specific applications. This is the concept of transient electronics, where devices intentionally disappear after a programmed duration, leaving minimal and harmless traces in the environment.
Implantable and wearable healthcare devices, such as neural probes, heart monitors and other bio-sensors can have a huge impact providing personal health monitoring and treatment techniques, but their manufacture is a large contributor to growing concerns about electronic waste. Conductive polymers (CPs) like polyaniline and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) and some materials like Molybdenum-based semiconductors and quantum dots meet the demand for flexible and stretchable electronic materials, showcasing tuneable properties and eco-friendliness.
This PhD project aims to fabricate and optimise biocompatible transient electronics for healthcare devices. This will occur at James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (JWNC) and will utilise various printing techniques. The project will focus on the development of a methodology for creating large-scale production of transient electronic medical devices.
The candidate will develop single nanowire based optoelectronic devices under the guidance of Dr Roghaieh Parvizi (James Watt School of Engineering) as a primary supervisor at the Microelectronics Lab (meLAB) and become part of collaboration with Prof Hadi Heidari’s group.
It would be beneficial for the candidate to have knowledge and enthusiasm in nano/micro fabrication methods, electronics and printing techniques, with experience of conducting independent research, excellent oral and written communication skills.
If you are interested, please get in touch with Dr Roghaieh Parvizi: Roghaieh.Parvizi@glasgow.ac.uk
How to Apply: Please refer to the following website for details on how to apply:
http://www.gla.ac.uk/research/opportunities/howtoapplyforaresearchdegree/.
Development of Tribotronic Devices for Human-Robot Interaction
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In recent years, the field of tribotronics has attracted significant attention, emerging as a cutting-edge interdisciplinary domain that converges the principles of tribology and semiconductor electronics. This innovative field holds tremendous promise for advancements in energy harvesting, self-powered sensors, and the development of efficient light-emitting devices, all achieved through the harnessing of mechanical motion. A pivotal focus of current research endeavours in tribotronics involves exploring the dynamic realms of tribo-positive and tribo-negative materials and their integration with field effect transistors (FET).
As part of a comprehensive PhD project, there is a specific emphasis on synthesizing tribo-positive and tribo-negative materials directly onto FET. This intricate process involves not only material synthesis but also incorporates advanced control over their work function through doping procedures. The goal is to comprehensively understand the output characteristics of FETs modulated by triboelectric nanogenerators. The envisioned outcome is a deeper insight into their potential applications as sensors, actuators, and energy harvester devices, particularly in the context of human-robot interfaces.
This PhD project aims to develop top-gate tribophototronic devices based on a monolithic stack of top-gate FET (based on diamond and GaN) and a triboelectric nanogenerator. To that end, triboelectric materials synthesis and FET fabrication will be carried out at James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (JWNC). The candidate will develop tribotronic devices (modelling, design, fabrication and characterisation ) under the guidance of Dr Carlos Garcia Nuñez (James Watt School of Engineering) as a primary supervisor at the Microelectronics Lab (meLAB) and Prof David Moran (Advanced Semiconductor Materials and Devices group at James Watt School of Engineering) & Prof Hadi Heidari as second supervisors.
It would be beneficial for the candidate to have knowledge and enthusiasm in semiconductor devices, micro-fabrication, and solid-state physics with experience of conducting independent research, excellent oral and written communication skills.
If you are interested, please get in touch with Dr Carlos Garcia Nuñez: carlos.garcianunez@glasgow.ac.uk
Recent papers:
A. Ejaz, et al. “Investigation and band gap analysis of pulsed DC magnetron sputtered diamond-like carbon to enhance contact-electrification and durability of triboelectric nanogenerators” Advanced Materials Technologies (2023) 2300450 DOI:10.1002/admt.202300450
How to Apply: Please refer to the following website for details on how to apply:
http://www.gla.ac.uk/research/opportunities/howtoapplyforaresearchdegree/.
Optoelectronic Devices Based on Single Semiconductor Nanowires
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The field of nanowire-based optoelectronic devices has witnessed significant advances, capturing great attention due to their remarkable capabilities in light detection spanning a broad spectrum. The latest advances in this domain have propelled these devices to the forefront of research, heralding breakthroughs in various applications, notably high-efficiency photovoltaics, low-light imaging systems, and high photo-response/gain photodetectors. One of the key methodologies revolutionizing the assembly and integration of these nanowires is dielectrophoresis (DEP), a technique employed to precisely manipulate and control the individual placement of nanowires on pre-patterned substrates. This innovative approach facilitates the creation of well-defined and ordered architectures, enhancing the efficiency and reliability of nanowire-based devices.
This PhD project aims to synthesise semiconductor nanowires by vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) method using chemical vapour deposition (CVT) and integrate them into functional substrates - fabricated at James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (JWNC) - by using non-uniform electric field dielectrophoretic method. The project will focus on the development of single and multi-nanowire optoelectronic devices for the detection of light in the UV, visible and IR range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The candidate will develop single nanowire based optoelectronic devices under the guidance of Dr Carlos Garcia Nuñez (James Watt School of Engineering) as a primary supervisor at the Microelectronics Lab (meLAB) and become part of collaboration with Prof Jose Luis Pau (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid) for the photo-response and photo-gain characterisation of the nanowires.
It would be beneficial for the candidate to have knowledge and enthusiasm in semiconductor nanowires, optoelectronics, and semiconductor physics, with experience of conducting independent research, excellent oral and written communication skills.
If you are interested, please get in touch with Dr Carlos Garcia Nuñez: carlos.garcianunez@glasgow.ac.uk
Recent papers:
- García Núñezet al., "Single GaAs Nanowire Based Photodetector Fabricated by Dielectrophoresis" Nanotechnology 31(22) (2020) 225604 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab76ee
How to Apply: Please refer to the following website for details on how to apply:
http://www.gla.ac.uk/research/opportunities/howtoapplyforaresearchdegree/.
Micro-fabrication and Modelling of Bio-inspired Anti-reflection Optical Coatings
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In recent years, the forefront of optical coating technology has witnessed remarkable strides, particularly in the realm of bio-inspired anti-reflection (AR)coatings based on moth-eye nanostructures. Drawing inspiration from nature's design, these coatings emulate the intricate nanostructures found on moth eyes to achieve unprecedented levels of light absorption and reduced reflectivity. Micro-fabrication techniques have played a pivotal role in replicating these delicate structures at a scale compatible with optical devices. State-of-the-art advances in micro-fabrication technologies, such as nanoimprint lithography and self-assembly methods, have enabled the precise replication of moth-eye nanostructures on various surfaces.
This PhD project aims to model moth-eye nanostructures to further understand and optimise the anti-reflecting features of an optical coating. The size, geometry and materials of the model will be thoroughly analysed to fine tune the coating design for enhanced performance. The project will also focus on experimental fabrication of moth-eye based AR coatings on diamond at James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (JWNC) and their optical characterisation at Helia Photonics Ltd.
The candidate will develop AR coatings (modelling, design, fabrication and characterisation ) under the guidance of Dr Carlos Garcia Nuñez (James Watt School of Engineering) as a primary supervisor at the Microelectronics Lab (meLAB) and become part of collaboration with Institute of Thin Films Sensors and Imaging, University of the West of Scotland (Prof Des Gibson), and Helia Photonics Ltd. (Prof Caspar Clark).
It would be beneficial for the candidate to have knowledge and enthusiasm in optical physics, finite element analysis, material science, with experience of conducting independent research, excellent oral and written communication skills.
If you are interested, please get in touch with Dr Carlos Garcia Nuñez: carlos.garcianunez@glasgow.ac.uk
How to Apply: Please refer to the following website for details on how to apply:
http://www.gla.ac.uk/research/opportunities/howtoapplyforaresearchdegree/.
Surface Acoustic Wave Devices for Wearable Biosensing Applications
Supervisors
Description:
In recent years, the field of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices has witnessed remarkable advancements, solidifying their position as key components in various technological applications. Their ability to detect and respond to subtle changes in the surrounding environment has proven invaluable for biosensing applications (E-coli detection, cell lysis, immunosensors). The inherent appeal of SAW devices lies in their compact size, high selectivity, sensitivity, and notably low power consumption. Current research efforts in SAW devices are steering towards enhancing their performance characteristics, exploring novel materials for improved device functionality, and innovating fabrication techniques to further optimize their efficiency. Additionally, there is a growing interest in expanding the application scope of SAW devices beyond traditional sensing applications, with researchers exploring their potential in communication systems, signal processing, and emerging technologies. This dynamic landscape of ongoing research reflects the continuous quest to unlock the full potential of SAW devices and integrate them seamlessly into an ever-evolving technological ecosystem.
This PhD project aims to develop carbon based piezoelectric nanofibers with high porous nanostructure enhancing its piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric nanofibers will be used as active layers in SAW sensors, the latter, comprising the design, and fabrication of micro-metric electrodes in clean-room environment. The project will also focus on the simulation of SAW design, its experimental fabrication at James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (JWNC), and includes the synthesis of carbon nanofibers using solution-based methods. These new biosensors will be implanted and used as muscle stimulators to help their regeneration.
The candidate will develop SAW devices (modelling, design, fabrication and characterisation ) under the guidance of Dr Carlos Garcia Nuñez (James Watt School of Engineering) as a primary supervisor at the Microelectronics Lab (meLAB) and become part of collaboration with Dr Oana Dobre (Biomedical Engineering).
It would be beneficial for the candidate to have knowledge and enthusiasm in semiconductor devices, piezoelectric materials, micro-fabrication, bio-sensors, and wave physics with experience of conducting independent research, excellent oral and written communication skills.
If you are interested, please get in touch with Dr Carlos Garcia Nuñez: carlos.garcianunez@glasgow.ac.uk
Recent papers:
- Pelayo Garcia, et al. “A Refined Quasi-Static Method for Precise Determination of Piezoelectric Coefficient of Nanostructured Standard and Inclined Thin Films” Advanced Physics Research 2300091 (2023) 1-12 DOI: 10.1002/apxr.202300091
How to Apply: Please refer to the following website for details on how to apply:
http://www.gla.ac.uk/research/opportunities/howtoapplyforaresearchdegree/.
Nanostructured materials for optical metalenses
Supervisors
Description
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The School of Engineering of the University of Glasgow is seeking a highly motivated graduate to undertake an exciting 3.5-year PhD project “Nanostructured Materials for Optical Metalenses”. Nanostructured dielectric materials can be used to control the optical phase across the surface of a substrate and have been used to demonstrate the focussing of light in ultrathin lenses. These lenses are typically the thickness of the wavelength of light and provide a route to lightweight optical imaging systems. Current research has concentrated on nanostructures which are able to account for spherical aberration at a fixed wavelength, predominantly for the visible and near infrared. This PhD studentship will develop metalenses for short, medium and long wave infrared for lightweight thermal imaging systems. This means that higher order aberrations and chromatic aberration must be corrected over the spectral response of a thermal imager. The nanostructure must also be produced with minimal defects over a wide aperture to minimise scatter and maintain high image quality and high transmission. Nanostructured surfaces can also be used for anti-reflection opening the prospect for dual-use anti-reflective, phase profiled nanostructured lenses. The research will develop nanostructures for a range of infrared glass substrates. The candidate will design and fabricate metalenses and must therefore expect to become conversant with optical design theory, FDTD modelling and nanophotonics, and will be expected to develop the skills necessary to manufacture and assess nanostructured materials using world-class nanofabrication and characterisation facilities at the university. The studentship is collaboration with Leonardo. Leonardo is a manufacturer of high performance thermal imaging systems. The studentship provides the candidate with the opportunity to work with Leonardo’s optical design engineers to develop metalenses for compact thermal imaging systems. Application for this scholarship is made by using the online system at the following link: https://www.gla.ac.uk/postgraduate/research/electronicsnanoscale/#tab=apply In your application specify that you are applying for the Leonardo/UofG scholarship under the supervision of Prof. David Cumming. Please note that this application is to gain admission to our PGR programme, and an offer of admission may be issued before a decision on this Scholarship is made. Short-listed candidates applying for this Scholarship will be invited to an interview/discussion. |
Advanced photon detectors for space
Supervisors
Robert.hadfield@glasgow.ac.uk
Description
The coming decades will see a rapid expansion of optical technologies for space. Key requirements include single photon receivers for deep space optical communications and infrared cameras for tracking satellites and space debris. This project will focus on next generation superconducting detector arrays for deployment in future space receivers. You will engineer devices using the superb facilities of the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre, install devices in practical systems and carry out field tests at optical ground stations under construction in the UK. We have close links to international partners such as NASA Jet Propulsion laboratory. This is an exciting project for a student with a background in engineering, physics, optical communications, nanotechnology.
The Quantum Sensors group at the University of Glasgow is at the forefront of advancements in photon counting technology based on superconducting materials. We are involved in major national initiatives such as the UK National Quantum Technology Programme and have wide-reaching international collaborations. We have state-of-the-art labs located in the new University of Glasgow Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre (The ARC). We use the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (JWNC) to engineer devices on an atomic scale. We offer a friendly and supportive training environment for postgraduate research students. Our research students have won major awards such as the STEM for Britain Gold Medal (Bernard Cooper 2021) and have continued exciting careers in research and industry (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory USA, Microsoft Research Cambridge UK).
http://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/engineering/research/divisions/ene/researchthemes/opto/quantumsensors/
http://www.jwnc.gla.ac.uk/
https://www.gla.ac.uk/research/arc/
Joint communication and Sensing for Future Wireless communication
Supervisors
Prof Qammer Abbasi and Prof Muhammad Imran
Contact: qammer.abbasi@glasgow.ac.uk
Description:
The incorporation of radio communication and sensing services within a unified network infrastructure is poised to become a pivotal element in the upcoming era of wireless technology. The vision entails wireless transceivers having the capability to engage in communication with active devices while concurrently detecting, localizing, and tracking passive targets in their proximity. This transformative JCAS paradigm, situated at the forefront of current wireless research, is anticipated to bring about a revolutionary impact across diverse applications, spanning from automotive and transportation to healthcare and environmental monitoring.
How to Apply: Please refer to the following website for details on how to apply:
http://www.gla.ac.uk/research/opportunities/howtoapplyforaresearchdegree/.
Metasurfaces design for smart environment
Supervisors
Prof Qammer Abbasi and Prof Muhammad Imran
Contact: qammer.abbasi@glasgow.ac.uk
Description:
This doctoral research focuses on metasurfaces, comprising a planar arrangement of subwavelength-spaced and electrically small particles. The electromagnetic (EM) properties of these particles can be manipulated locally to customize the reflected/transmitted field. Metasurfaces offer various advantages, including the reduction of antenna scattering properties, manipulation of scattering, mitigation of the impact of moving objects, and control of the scattering environment. The objective of this project is to design compact and efficient metasurfaces capable of addressing multiple applications.
How to Apply: Please refer to the following website for details on how to apply:
http://www.gla.ac.uk/research/opportunities/howtoapplyforaresearchdegree/.
Antenna design for 6G Communication
Supervisors
Prof Qammer Abbasi and Prof Muhammad Imran
Contact: qammer.abbasi@glasgow.ac.uk
Description:
A Terahertz (THz) antenna with a size of a few micrometres cannot be accomplished by just reducing the extent of a traditional metallic antenna down to a couple of micrometres. This approach has several downsides. For example, the low mobility of electrons in nanoscale metallic structures would result in high channel attenuation. Thus, using traditional micrometre metallic antennas for THz wireless communication becomes unfeasible. The study will be focused on novel antenna design for 6G using novel 2D materials.
How to Apply: Please refer to the following website for details on how to apply:
http://www.gla.ac.uk/research/opportunities/howtoapplyforaresearchdegree/.
Spin-Optical Dynamics for Next-Generation Photonic Materials
Supervisor
Description
From photovoltaics to biosensors, the quantum-mechanical property of spin plays a central role in next-generation photonic materials based on molecules. For example, the encounter of spin-carrying excited states critically governs how effectively light can be converted into charge and vice versa. Through this project, available in the Quantum Optospintronics Group at the University of Glasgow, you will directly probe and control spins in next-generation molecular photonic materials to understand how these systems can be advanced. Using a combination of magnetic resonance and magneto-optical spectroscopy, you will investigate key processes relevant for energy harvesting (i.e., photovoltaics) and light-emitting diodes. Through this work, you will contribute new understanding of the structure and dynamics of molecular photonic materials, and the foundations with which to engineer next-generation devices. This project will enable you to acquire a broad set of skills spanning optical spectroscopy and microscopy, microwave electronics, device fabrication and characterisation, and ultimately generate new approaches for harnessing spin in molecular semiconductors.
About the group
The Quantum Optospintronics Group, led by Dr. Sam Bayliss, explores the spin and optical properties of molecular materials and devices with applications spanning quantum information processing, energy harvesting, and sensing. We have state-of-the art capabilities including for cryogenic confocal microscopy, electron/nuclear spin resonance, and single-spin detection, and as part of a dynamic group—which spans solid-state physics, quantum engineering and physical chemistry—you will have significant opportunities to shape an exciting research agenda.
Application details & further information
We are committed to fostering and promoting an inclusive, supportive, and flexible working environment in all our activities. We particularly welcome applications from candidates from groups which have been historically under-represented in STEM subjects/research.
Applicants should ideally possess a degree or equivalent in Physics, Chemistry, Electronic Engineering, Materials Science, or a related discipline.
Further details on the application procedure and funding (available through EPSRC Doctoral Training Awards) are available at:
- https://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/engineering/phdopportunities/
- https://www.gla.ac.uk/postgraduate/research/electronicsnanoscale/
Please also see https://www.gla.ac.uk/scholarships/ for a list of additional scholarship opportunities, including the James McCune Smith PhD Scholarships for Black UK domiciled students.
The application deadline is 31 January 2024
For more information, please see our Quantum Optospintronics Group website, and contact Dr Sam Bayliss for informal enquiries.
Quantum sensing with molecular spins
Supervisor
Description
By harnessing fundamental features of quantum mechanics—such as superposition and entanglement—quantum sensors offer new frontiers for detecting quantities ranging from magnetic and electric fields to strain and temperature. These systems offer wide-ranging applications ranging from magnetic resonance imaging at the nanoscale, to quantum-enhanced biosensing.
This project, available in the Quantum Optospintronics Group at the University of Glasgow, seeks to demonstrate a new quantum sensing platform based on electronic spins in luminescent molecules, enabling robust quantum states to be harnessed in a versatile and widely deployable molecular architecture. Through this multidisciplinary effort you will carry out range of activities including cryogenic optical spectroscopy, magnetic resonance, and quantum-mechanical simulations, enabling you to acquire a broad set of skills spanning quantum control, quantum optics, high-frequency electronics, and nanofabrication, and contribute to the development of a versatile class of spin-based quantum sensors.
About the group
The Quantum Optospintronics Group, led by Dr. Sam Bayliss, explores the spin and optical properties of molecular materials and devices with applications spanning quantum information processing, energy harvesting, and sensing. We have state-of-the art capabilities including for cryogenic confocal microscopy, electron/nuclear spin resonance, and single-spin detection, and as part of a dynamic group—which spans solid-state physics, quantum engineering and physical chemistry—you will have significant opportunities to shape an exciting research agenda.
Application details & further information
We are committed to fostering and promoting an inclusive, supportive, and flexible working environment in all our activities. We particularly welcome applications from candidates from groups which have been historically under-represented in STEM subjects/research.
Applicants should ideally possess a degree or equivalent in Physics, Chemistry, Electronic Engineering, Materials Science, or a related discipline.
Further details on the application procedure and funding (available through EPSRC Doctoral Training Awards) are available at:
- https://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/engineering/phdopportunities/
- https://www.gla.ac.uk/postgraduate/research/electronicsnanoscale/
Please also see https://www.gla.ac.uk/scholarships/ for a list of additional scholarship opportunities, including the James McCune Smith PhD Scholarships for Black UK domiciled students.
For more information, please see our Quantum Optospintronics Group website, and contact Dr Sam Bayliss for informal enquiries.
The application deadline is 31 January 2024
Atomic layer engineering for quantum detectors
Supervisors
Robert.hadfield@glasgow.ac.uk
Description
Emerging quantum technologies promise to transform the fields of computing, communications and remote sensing over the coming decades. Superconducting devices offer promising route for the building blocks of these technologies. Atomic layer deposition and etching will allow superconducting devices to be engineered on the atomic scale. This PhD project will give you the opportunity to master and develop these techniques. An industrial studentship is available with generous support form Oxford Instruments Plasma Technology. This project is an excellent opportunity for a motivated candidate with a background in materials, engineering, physics, chemistry or nanotechnology.
Our group is at the forefront of advancements in photon counting technology based on superconducting materials. We are involved in major national initiatives such as the UK National Quantum Technology Programme and have wide-reaching international collaborations. We have state-of-the-art labs located in the new University of Glasgow Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre. We use the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre to engineer devices on an atomic scale. We offer a friendly and supportive training environment for postgraduate research students. Our research students have won major awards such as the STEM for Britain Gold Medal (Bernard Cooper 2021) and have continued exciting careers in research and industry (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory USA, Microsoft Research Cambridge UK).
http://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/engineering/research/divisions/ene/researchthemes/opto/quantumsensors/
Dose monitoring for Laser Cancer Treatment
Supervisor
robert.hadfield@glasgow.ac.uk
Description:
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is promising method for targeted laser cancer treatment. The ability to accurately measure the dose delivered for effective treatment is a key problem for clinicians. This PhD is aligned to a major 4 year project in collaboration with the University of Pennsylvania, USA and sponsored by the US National Institutes of Health. You will work alongside an experienced postdoctoral researcher to develop a state-of-the-art photon counting instrument for dose monitoring for PDT. You will have the opportunity to deploy the instrument in clinical trials with our US partners. The project is a fantastic opportunity for a motivated and talented student with a background in biomedical engineering, optical engineering, electrical engineering medical physics or applied physics.
Our group is at the forefront of advancements in photon counting technology based on superconducting materials. We are involved in major national initiatives such as the UK National Quantum Technology Programme and have wide-reaching international collaborations. We have state-of-the-art labs located in the new University of Glasgow Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre. We use the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre to engineer devices on an atomic scale. We offer a friendly and supportive training environment for postgraduate research students. Our research students have won major awards such as the STEM for Britain Gold Medal (Bernard Cooper 2021) and have continued exciting careers in research and industry (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory USA, Microsoft Research Cambridge UK).
https://www.gla.ac.uk/research/arc/
https://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/engineering/research/divisions/ene/researchthemes/opto/quantumsensors/
Nanophotonics for next generation single-photon detection
Supervisors
robert.hadfield@glasgow.ac.uk
Description:
The ability to capture individual light quanta – single photons – underpins a host of emerging 21st century applications. In the quantum technology, key applications include quantum computing, quantum cryptography and single photon remote sensing. There is potential for industrial sponsorship from UK companies in the rapidly growing Quantum Technology. This exciting PhD research project will focus on harnessing nanophotonic design and cutting edge nanofabrication to create next generation superconducting detectors. This project is an excellent opportunity for motivated student in electrical engineering, physics, materials and nanotechnology.
The Quantum Sensors group is at the forefront of advancements in photon counting technology based on superconducting materials. We are involved in major national initiatives such as the UK National Quantum Technology Programme and have wide-reaching international collaborations. We have state-of-the-art labs located in the new University of Glasgow Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre. We use the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre to engineer devices on an atomic scale. We offer a friendly and supportive training environment for postgraduate research students. Our research students have won major awards such as the STEM for Britain Gold Medal (Bernard Cooper 2021) and have continued exciting careers in research and industry (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory USA, Microsoft Research Cambridge UK).
https://www.gla.ac.uk/research/arc/
https://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/engineering/research/divisions/ene/researchthemes/opto/quantumsensors/
Rapid Test for Precision Treatment of Microbial Infection
Supervisors
• David Cumming (James Watt School of Engineering)
• Chunxiao Hu (James Watt School of Engineering)
• Mike Barrett (School of Infection and Immunity)
Description
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens to reverse the great strides in medicine that have accrued in the last 70 years. In addition to the concern about the re-emergence of bacterial infections as a major cause of death, with diseases such as typhoid, cholera and tuberculosis becoming commonplace, routine operations may become impossible due to the risk of infection and even childbirth will revert to the dangerous process it once was. Detecting AMR is critical to our ability to combat the problem. Currently two broad areas permit detection of drug resistant bacteria. On the one hand, phenotypic tests that follow the ability of bacteria to grow in the presence of antibiotics or not are widely used. Genetic tests that seek genes known to be associated with resistance have become more common as such genes are discovered and collated in sequence databases enabling detection. Arguably, phenotypic tests retain the advantage of reporting on resistance even where genetic mechanisms are not known. Recent advances in electronic engineering and microfluidics offer the potential to create portable devices that can detect antimicrobial resistant bacteria in a fraction of the time required using conventional methodologies. Here we propose to exploit microfluidic methods of sorting bacteria and electronic methods to detect viability of bacteria in the presence of antimicrobials to produce a new generation of antimicrobial resistance detecting devices that could underpin global efforts to combat this problem.
Composite Large Area Metasurface Optics for IR Sensing and Imaging
Supervisors
• David Cumming (James Watt School of Engineering)
• Vincenzo Pusino (James Watt School of Engineering)
Description
Optical systems designed for space-flight or applications where low mass and volume are of critical importance are difficult to achieve using traditional refractive optics. Furthermore, such optics if they are of sufficient complexity are prone to aberration that adds cost and more mass. Recent advances in metasurface optics has demonstrated that ultra-thin, low mass, optics can be achieved by detailed optical design of densely packed nanostructures and fabrication using state-of-the-art nanofabrication technology. In this project we will develop large area optical elements for high brightness, high resolution light weight optical systems for us in the infrared. The infrared is especially important for thermal and environmental imaging for greenhouse gas emissions hence applications can be found from earth observation to down to earth applications such as pollution monitoring and asset management. Metasurfaces lenses also offer the possibility of integrating multiple optical functions into a single thin layer composed of synthetic optical meta-atoms. In addition to replicating the geometrical optical functions of a traditional lens, sophisticated control of the state-of-polarisation and aberration correction are then possible. We will study novel lens design methods and rigorously simulate these design using software such as Lumerical to verify design functionality and suitability for fabrication. Lens components will be fabricated in the University’s James Watt Nanofabrication Centre and subsequently characterised on the Schools laboratories.
Ultrafast Quantum Nanoelectronics with THz pulses
Supervisors
Description
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Quantum technology has been on the spotlight of UK’s research and innovation for the last few years. The ‘holy grail’ of all these efforts is to create the first ‘Quantum Computer’, which unlike our regular, ‘classical’ computers can perform operations exponentially faster and with higher accuracy. The fundamental building block of all quantum technologies, called the ‘Qubit’, is still under investigation and there are currently many technologies that can create reliable qubits that can be easily manipulated, ranging from flying, superconducting, quantum dots etc. Creating a handful of qubits is a relatively easy task nowadays, however, the major problem of most quantum technologies is their scalability and robustness, meaning to put together thousands of qubits on the same device. The robustness aspect is a critical problem that has to be addressed quickly, as qubits are proned to errors from their surrounding environment and therefore jeopardize the accuracy of the quantum calculations. In this PhD project we will investigate the potential of using THz optoelectronics to create ultrafast voltage pulses and use them to create robust qubits. We will develop THz sources that will deliver very short electrical pulses in a solid-state quantum system. These pulses will be then converted into flying electrical qubits that can be measured and manipulated at cryogenic temperatures. The PhD candidate will work on the development of the THz optoelectronics for creating ultrafast electrical signals and their integration with the solid-state quantum systems. The PhD candidate will be involved in advanced nanofabrication in our state-of-the-art James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (JWNC), perform simulations of the devices and experimentally characterize the devices at room temperature and cryogenic temperatures. The project will require both individual and group work in collaborative environments and the successful candidate should be capable of working in both environments. Experience with computer programming (C or C++ or Python or Matlab etc), simulations (Comsol or Lumerical or HFSS) or data acquisition and analysis is not essential but it is advantageous. Through this project, we will provide to the successful candidate a top-quality PhD-level training in Quantum Engineering and advanced Nanofabrication |
Topological THz Nanophotonics
Supervisors
Description
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The advent of 5G telecommunication technology and has put strong foundations and demand for the development of the next generation of wireless communications, namely 6G. The 6G telecommunication technology is based on wave frequencies in the Terahertz frequency band, i.e. frequencies that are larger than 100GHz. Research and technology development at this frequency range is still at its infancy and there is still a long way to go until 6G telecommunications is mature enough to be deployed at a large scale. One of the greatest challenges of this future technology is the transmission and distribution of very high frequencies (>100GHz) within a semiconductor device. Traditionally, for low frequencies (~1GHz), this is achieved through standard microwave waveguides, however at very high frequencies these waveguides are inefficient and result into high losses. In this PhD project we will investigate novel transmission waveguides that achieve low loss propagation and distribution of very high frequency waves through topologically protected waveguide states. The topological nature of these waveguides means that waves can propagate on a device for long distances (several wavelengths) without any significant losses and protected from any material defects. The PhD candidate will work on aspects of high frequency waveguides (THz) using topological nanophotonics. The PhD candidate will be involved in advanced nanofabrication in our state-of-the-art James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (JWNC), perform electromagnetic simulations of the devices and experimentally characterize the novel topological waveguides. The project will require both individual and group work in collaborative environments and the successful candidate should be capable of working in both environments. Experience with computer programming (C or C++ or Python or Matlab etc), simulations (Comsol or Lumerical or HFSS) or data acquisition and analysis is not essential but it is advantageous. |
Channel Modelling and Characterisations for 6G Mobile Communications
Supervisors
Dr Chong Li and Dr Lei Zhang
Description
The rollout of 5G mobile networks worldwide in 2020 has urged the development of the next generation 6G of mobile communications. Although it is unclear what exact frequencies and technical merits are expected for 6G, millimeter-wave e.g. 100 GHz and above has been generally agreed because of the potential bandwidth that can offer. As an important factor, channel characteristics and models play a vital role in theoretical analysis, performance evaluation, and system deployment of the communication systems. In this project, the candidate student will work closely with Dr. Chong Li (experiments) and Dr. Lei Zhang (modelling) investigate channel modelling and characteristics analysis by combining different technologies and disciplines, such as high-mobility, multiple mobilities, the uncertainty of motion trajectory, and the non-stationary nature of time/frequency/space domains and taking the advantage of our £2.6M strategic equipment for 6G.
Advanced cryoelectronic devices for future, high Qubit density quantum computers
Supervisor
Description
The global race is currently underway to develop quantum computers with high enough “quantum bit” (Qubit) count to demonstrate “Quantum Supremacy”. While the most advanced quantum computers to date possess 10s of Qubits, this is planned to be expanded soon to hundreds, thousands and then millions to achieve unparalleled quantum computing performance.
At present, amplification of the miniscule signals emitted from individual Qubits which operate at cryogenic temperatures (as required to read their state) is performed by electronics external to the cryogenic system. As Qubit density increases it will become essential to integrate these amplifying electronic components into the cryogenic system, creating a demand for high performance, low noise and low power electronic components that operate efficiently at cryogenic temperatures.
This project will focus on the development of InGaAs/InAlAs heterostructures for the production of field effect transistors that operate with low noise, high gain and low power at temperatures down to 1 degree Kelvin. These will be incorporated into amplifier circuits and bench-tested in cryogenic Qubit characterisation systems.
The student on this project will work with the Advanced Semiconductor Materials and Devices and the Quantum Circuit groups (https://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/engineering/research/divisions/ene/researchthemes/micronanotechnology/quantumcircuits/) and have access to the world leading facilities within the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (http://www.jwnc.gla.ac.uk/) at the University of Glasgow. At the end of the project the student will have developed a diverse skillset and acquired experience in nanoscale lithography and processing, various microscopy and spectroscopy techniques, electrical characterization of semiconductor materials and devices, simulation and modelling, reliability testing and low noise device measurements.
Students applying for this project should ideally possess a degree or equivalent in Electronic Engineering, Physics or Chemistry and have some background understanding in solid state physics and/or semiconductor devices.
For further details contact Dr David Moran (David.Moran@glasgow.ac.uk).
Investigation of AlN as a high performance semiconductor for high power electronic applications
Supervisor
Description
This PhD project is based in the School of Engineering at the University of Glasgow and will focus on investigating Aluminium Nitride (AlN) for the production of advanced high power semiconductor devices.
The larger the bandgap of a semiconducting material, the greater its ability to tolerate high voltages and the more interesting its potential application for high power electronic systems such as future electric vehicle technology, electricity distribution smart grids and space-based electrical systems.
AlN is an emerging, ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor with the potential to deliver high power performance beyond existing semiconductor technologies and become the semiconductor of choice for future high power systems.
This project will address the primary challenges faced for the development of AlN as a mature and viable semiconductor. This will involve a range of activities from experimenting with new doping processes to convert AlN into an efficient semiconductor, to producing prototype electronic devices such as transistors to measure and benchmark performance.
The student on this project will work with the Advanced Semiconductor Materials and Devices group and have access to the world leading facilities within the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (http://www.jwnc.gla.ac.uk/) at the University of Glasgow. At the end of the project the student will have developed a diverse skillset and acquired experience in nanoscale lithography and processing, various microscopy and spectroscopy techniques, electrical characterization of semiconductor materials and devices, simulation and modelling, reliability testing and high power device measurements.
Students applying for this project should ideally possess a degree or equivalent in Electronic Engineering, Physics or Chemistry and have some background understanding in solid state physics and/or semiconductor devices.
For further details contact Dr David Moran (David.Moran@glasgow.ac.uk).
Zero-carbon electronics using ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor technologies
Supervisor
Description
This PhD project will focus on investigating, inspecting and developing various ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor materials for low loss, efficient and robust electronics that will be adopted in zero-carbon future systems.
The drive to achieve net-zero carbon emissions in the UK by 2050 will require significant change and adoption of new technologies across the electronics sector. Development of new semiconductor materials with so called ‘ultra wide” bandgaps (UWBG) provides an opportunity to development new, efficient and robust electronic systems for a range of both high and low power applications.
This project will investigate various UWBG materials (e.g. diamond, aluminium nitride, gallium nitride, gallium oxide and boron nitride) and utilizing existing know-how already established at the University of Glasgow, establish new techniques and processes for the production of efficient, high and low power device technologies with a drive towards zero-carbon electronic systems.
The student on this project will work with the Advanced Semiconductor Materials and Devices group and have access to the world leading facilities within the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (http://www.jwnc.gla.ac.uk/) at the University of Glasgow. At the end of the project the student will have developed a diverse skillset and acquired experience in nanoscale lithography and processing, various microscopy and spectroscopy techniques, electrical characterization of semiconductor materials and devices, simulation and modelling, reliability testing and high power device measurements.
Students applying for this project should ideally possess a degree or equivalent in Electronic Engineering, Physics or Chemistry and have some background understanding in solid state physics and/or semiconductor devices.
For further details contact Dr David Moran (David.Moran@glasgow.ac.uk).
Development of Gallium Oxide (Ga2O3) high power and high frequency devices for next generation high voltage applications
Supervisor
Description
This PhD project will focus on investigating the new ultra-wide bandgap material system, Gallium Oxide (Ga2O3) for the production of advanced high power and high frequency performance semiconductor devices.
Gallium Oxide is an exciting new ultra-wide bandgap material with the potential to deliver high power semiconductor devices and circuits for use in future electric vehicle technology, electricity distribution smart grids and space-based electrical systems. The aim of this project is to develop prototype, nanoscale transistor devices to explore the maximum high voltage and high frequency performance that can be achieved using this exciting new material system. Devices produced in the project will also be inspected at high and low temperatures and in radioactive environments to examine the technology’s suitability for operation in extreme environments that may be experienced in outer space.
The student on this project will work in the Advanced Semiconductor Materials and Devices group to produce prototype Gallium Oxide devices using the world leading facilities of the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (http://www.jwnc.gla.ac.uk/) at the University of Glasgow. At the end of the project the student will have developed a diverse skillset and acquired experience in nanoscale lithography and processing, various microscopy and spectroscopy techniques, electrical characterization of semiconductor materials and devices, simulation and modelling, reliability testing and high power device measurements.
Students applying for this project should ideally possess a degree or equivalent in Electronic Engineering, Physics or Chemistry and have some background understanding in solid state physics and/or semiconductor devices.
For further details contact Dr David Moran (David.Moran@glasgow.ac.uk).
Quantum mechanical simulation of superconducting qubits
Supervisors
Description
Quantum computers (QC) have an enormous impact on many areas of our life and for this reason they are one of the most heavily researched topics not only in academia but also in the industry. Companies such as Honeywell, IBM and Google are using different technologies to create qubits.
One of the most promising technology is superconducting qubits made from Josephson Junctions (JJ). JJ are made for a superconducting material, e.g. Al and tunnel junctions made from a thin layer of non-superconducting materials, e.g. AlOx (in an ideal case x=1.5). While there is constant improvement of the circuit designs, error corrections, reproducibility and reliability of the qubits, there is still significant knowledge gap in relevant material science. For example, the growth process of AlOx on top of Al is not well understood which is crucial to be able to fabricate uniform, without defects and surface roughness JJ. Any imperfections of the JJ, such as charges trapped in the oxide, dangling bonds and different stoichiometry in AlOx (x can be a number between 1.3 and 1.8) will produce different tunnelling current and hence different qubit behaviour. The variability of the qubit’s behaviour makes the design of the circuit much harder and increases the errors in the measurements and decreases the coherent times.
The main aim of this project is to develop a unique computational framework which will be able to simulate realistic size superconducting qubits. Here we will investigate Al/AlOx/Al interfaces (Josephson Junctions) as qubits. The simulation framework will combine various quantum mechanical methods which will allow us to simulate not only materials growth of Al/AlOx/Al interfaces but also the variability of the tunnelling current due to trap charges and defects. Such computational framework is the most cost effective and time saving approach in order to significantly improve the reliability, reproducibility and decrease variability in superconducting qubits.
This work is based on close collaboration with the group of Prof Martin Weides, the leading expert in the field. The vision is to simulate various architectures and types of devices in order to evaluate and to predict the critical design parameters for the fabrication process.
The ideal candidate will have good computational skills and a background in engineering, physics or chemistry. Knowledge of computational methods, such as Density Functional Theory (DFT) and numerical methods, is highly advantageous but not mandatory. Programing skills are not required but will be beneficial. Also, the candidate must be self-motivated, interested in conducting interdisciplinary computational and theoretical research and to have good interpersonal skills.
The student will be part of the Device Modelling Group in the University of Glasgow, which is perhaps the largest specialised semiconductor device group in academia worldwide. The group is the world leader in 3D simulations of advanced CMOS devices that include different sources of statistical variability. The group is listed among the five leading Electronic Materials and Devices Centres according to EPSRC funding in the ICT Programme Landscape (2008) documents.
Contact: Vihar.Georgiev@glasgow.ac.uk
Nanowire Photodetectors for Neuromorphic Chips
Supervisors:
Description:
The Internet, the personal computer and the mobile phone have revolutionized our lives. Within the last few decades, the computing power has increased exponentially to sustain this transformation. Notably, the recent rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems powered by computers that can learn without the need for explicit instructions is transforming our digital economy and our society as a whole. AI uses brain inspired neural network algorithms powered by computers. However, these central processing units (CPU) are extremely energy inefficient at implementing these tasks. This represents a major bottleneck for energy efficient, scalable and portable AI systems. Reducing the energy consumption of the massively dense interconnects in existing CPUs needed to emulate complex brain functions is a major challenge. This project aims at developing a nanoscale photonics-enabled technology capable of delivering compact, high-bandwidth and energy efficiency CPUs using optically interconnected spiking neuron-like sources and detectors.
Development of Integrated Waveguide Optical Isolators on a silicon-on-insulator Platform
Supervisors:
Description:
The nonreciprocal optical effect of Faraday rotation is widely exploited in optical isolators to suppress back-reflections to protect optical sources and other devices from injection noise, or in optical circulators to route counter-propagating signals in a single physical channel to different ports. To date, these devices are assembled from bulk components. We have developed techniques for realising quasi-phase-matched non-reciprocal polarisation mode conversion in a semiconductor waveguide using a patterned magneto-optic rare-earth iron garnet as an overcladding in collaboration with the University of Minnesota, as shown in the SEMs below. A new magneto-optic iron garnet material deposited by sputtering, substituted Terbium Iron Garnet, is showing great promise as it can be crystallised without the need for a seed layer, and it is intended that fabrication of devices incorporating this new garnet will be developed.
This project, expanding to a PhD project, will also involve the design, simulation and assessment of the additional requirement for a reciprocal polarisation mode converter on the same silicon-on-insulator platform and the integration strategy for the multiple device elements for an integrated optical isolator. This will lead on to the fabrication and optical characterisation of asymmetric waveguide cross-sections. The approach to fabricating asymmetric waveguides is either by two-step etching, or by masked deposition of amorphous silicon layer.
The eventual goal of the PhD project will be the realisation of an integrated optical waveguide isolator that operates for TE-polarised input which is aligned to the normal output from edge-emitting semiconductor lasers.
Simulation and Design of Novel Polarisation-functional Waveguide Devices
Supervisors:
Description:
This project will entail the theoretical and computational study of novel optical waveguides which incorporate polarisation-functional elements. It is intended that the project will benefit from collaboration with fabrication and optical characterisation, both to gain understanding of experimental results and to inform the fabrication process. There can be scope for the student on this project to additionally contribute to the experimental characterisation. It is intended that the basic platform for this study will be silicon-on-insulator or silicon nitride on insulator. The three potential themes for the study are:
- asymmetric profile waveguides by double etch, or etch and deposition. These waveguides can act as polarisation diverse couplers. The aim would be to develop a robust design for a universal 3dB polarisation coupler.
- magneto-optical cladding. This study would build on an ongoing collaboration with the University of Minnesota, particularly on the development of devices based on substituted terbium iron garnets which can be sputtered and crystallised under anneal without the requirement for a compromising seed layer. This technology would be combined with the universal 3dB polarisation coupler to provide integrated optical isolators and circulators.
- electro-optic cladding. This study would build on an ongoing collaboration with the University of Strathclyde pick-and-play positioner to bond heterogeneous materials. An example study would be to bond an electro-optic material such as gallium arsenide as up upper cladding to the waveguide, and then incorporate electrodes to apply an electric field. This configuration, when combined with the universal 3dB polarisation coupler, can provide a high-speed polarisation modulator.
The simulation tools would include optical modesolvers and beam propagation method. There may be a need for the student to develop these tools to include polarisation diversity. It is hoped that such enhanced tools could be developed using python computing language and eventually be made publically available as open software under appropriate licensing.
High sensitivity GaN based THz detectors for imaging applications
Supervisors:
Description:
The use of Terahertz (THz) detectors started gaining momentum in different applications including security, drugs and explosions detection, medical and industrial imaging and astronomy applications. Field-effect transistors have been recently demonstrated to exhibit high sensitity and high temperature operation.
On this project, highly sensitive GaN based THz detectors will be investigated for imaging applications in the 100 GHz – 1 THz frequency range. GaN HEMTs are interesting due to a number of beneficial physical properties, such as a high 2DEG sheet carrier density and an enhanced saturation velocity in combination with high robustness in breakdown voltage. It also exhibits radiation hardness to ionizing radiation which is of interest in particular with respect to space applications.
Development of tailored µLEDs for Optogenetics in brain implants
Supervisors:
Description:
Optogenetics concerns the control of genetically modified neurons in a brain using light. It involves expressing one of a family of light-actuated rhodopsin proteins into targeted regions of the brain which, when exposed to light open ion channels, stimulating proximal neurons. ChR-2 for example has been used to both activate and inhibit motor functions in live organisms. This “Breakthrough of the decade” technique has the potential to relieve the symptoms of, or even cure neurological diseases such as epilepsy. Electrical stimulation requires less power than optical stimulation, but the former is much less precise than the latter. Challenges remain, notably designing miniaturised light sources that produce sufficient irradiance to activate the rhodopsins without causing tissue damage.
The candidate will aid in the (1) design, (2) development and (3) validation (testing) of a microfabricated flexible implantable neural probe that is wirelessly powered and features a state-of-the-art array of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) μLEDs, that have been optimised to control the light-actuated rhodopsin proteins via optogenetics.
The candidate will join the vibrant and growing team at meLAB (www.melabresearch.com)
It would be beneficial for the candidate to have knowledge and/or experience with: optical physics and optical devices, micro/nanofabrication experience in a cleanroom and implantable devices, but if not, full training will be provided.
For more information we would welcome questions to: hadi.heidari@glasgow.ac.uk
Wireless, scalable and MRI compatible implantable neural devices
Supervisors:
Description:
Optogenetics, named as the “Nature Methods of the year 2010”, provides controlled stimulation using photosensitive ion channels or proteins (e.g., Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2)) in genetically modified neurons to allow optical stimulation or inhibition. However, scientists pursuing optogenetic therapies still face some technical challenges (e.g., size and multifunctional capability, biointegration, wireless capability, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) compatibility that keeping optogenetics from clinical trials for brain diseases.
To overcome the optogenetic challenges, the prospective PhD candidate will investigate to a) develop an innovative self-tracked wireless powering system for optogenetics using high-permittivity dielectric metamaterial; b) fabricate a wireless, miniaturized and scalable neural implant using micron-sized LEDs (μLEDs) using the state-of-the-art JWNC (https://www.gla.ac.uk/research/az/jwnc/); c) validate the fabricated MRI-compatible wireless neural implants in rats.
The candidate will join the vibrant and growing team at meLAB.
It is essential that the student have knowledge on electromagnetic waves and propagation, antennas, experience of using HFSS, or sim4life/remcom and hands-on experience of antenna test in anechoic chamber. Furthermore, experiences in implantable devices, micro/nano fabrication in cleanroom are highly desirable.
For further information please contact: hadi.heidari@glasgow.ac.uk
Magnetomyography sensors
Supervisors:
Description:
With the rapid progress of micro- and nanotechnology, non-invasive assessment of biomagnetism has been a reliable and robust approach, and its applications have been extended from clinical diagnoses to human-computer-interaction. This PhD project aims to develop a new scientific and engineering paradigm to measure Magnetomyography (MMG) signals generated in the skeletal muscle of humans by electrical activities. Nowadays, Spintronic sensors based on a magnetoresistive effect revolutionise the way magnetic recording owing to their full compatibility with traditional silicon technology. These sensors can be integrated with the readout circuitry onto a standard CMOS process in sub-mm diameter substrates to eventually realize the on-chip signal conditioning, including amplification, filtering, noise and drift cancellation.
To develop such miniaturized, low cost and room temperature system, the objectives of this PhD project are 1) Creation of a numerical MMG compact model; 2) Design, integration and characterisation of a spintronic sensing system; 3) Validation of the developed and fabricated system in rodents.
The candidate will develop magnetic systems (magnetic device and circuit interface) under the guidance of Dr Hadi Heidari (School of Engineering) as a primary supervisor at the Microelectronics Lab (meLAB) and become part of collaboration the University of Edinburgh (Dr Kia Nazarpour) and Imperial College London (Prof Dario Farina).
It would be beneficial for the candidate to have knowledge and enthusiasm in magnetic devices, electronics design and chip measurement with experience of conducting independent research, excellent oral and written communication skills.
If you are interested, please get in touch with Dr Hadi Heidari: hadi.heidari@glasgow.ac.uk
Analogue brian-like computer for sensory interface - Funded EPSRC iCASE
Supervisors:
Prof Muhammad Imran
Prof David Cumming
Description:
Neuromorphic engineering is seeking a hardware implementation of the brain-like learning algorithms for extremely efficient computing. The ultimate goal is a chip that can mimic the nervous system for information processing and machine learning task. It has been predicted that the neuromorphic computing will lead the development of artificial intelligence in the next decade, after the software-based implementation.
The researches on neuromorphic computing is a typical interdisciplinary topic, including statistics, electronics, materials, etc. In our lab, we mainly focus on the implementation of reservoir computing using novel circuits and systems, aiming to provide a neuromorphic interface for our sensing system. Hence, the prospective PhD candidate will investigate to a) model and simulate the behaviour of hardware-based reservoir computing architecture in signal processing and machine learning tasks; b) design, optimize and fabricate the corresponding analogue circuit with the purpose of extremely low power; c) redesign the system specifically for processing the sensory output in real-time, such as biopotential signals, in cooperation with other team members who develop the sensor.
This topic requires that the applicant has solid understanding in machine learning and circuit design (experiences in VLSI design will be preferred). Furthermroe, the theoretical work is essential to model the chaotic system so that math and physic knowledge as well as good coding skills in MATLAB/Simulink or Python will be highly desirable.
If you are interested, please get in touch with Dr Hadi Heidari: hadi.heidari@glasgow.ac.uk
Biphotons for nonlinear imaging
Supervisors
Description:
Nonlinear imaging delivered transformative results to our science and technology. One example is multiphoton microscopy, which is used to study biological structures with 3D resolution. Quantum optics may deliver yet another improvement to our ability to look at the microscopic world. With this PhD you will discover how biphoton fields can enhance nonlinear imaging. It has been predicted that the temporal correlations between twin photons generated by parametric down- conversion can significantly increase the two-photon absorption cross-section. In the presence of a resonant nonlinearity, such as two-photon absorption in a fluorophore or a semiconductor, biphoton states are absorbed with a cross-section orders of magnitude higher than classical radiation at the same wavelength. This concept is currently being tested experimentally and is among the most exciting topics in quantum imaging also due to the possibility it entails of improving bioimaging. The down-converted field is composed only of photon pairs (biphotons) that are strongly correlated in space and time. For this reason, under proper conditions, they effectively behave as a single particle for the light-matter interaction. As a consequence, they can be absorbed with a cross-section approaching that of one-photon processes yet being in a transparent spectral region of the material. The very same concept is expected to hold also for other two-photon processes, such as those underpinning parametric interactions in third-order nonlinear media, such as self and cross-phase modulation, parametric amplification, and Raman scattering. With this PhD project you will investigate the biphoton-induced enhancement of Kerr nonlinearities for nonlinear imaging applications.
Funding:
QUNTIC – funded PhD. The Scholarship covers the student fees for UK residents (see EPSRC definition) and provides a stipend at the UKRI/EPSRC rate (https://www.ukri.org/skills/funding-for-research- training/) for 3.5 years. The Scholarship is available starting in January 1st, 2021.
Hybrid RF-ultrasound transducers for wireless sensor nodes in harsh environments
Supervisor:
Dr. Chong Li
Description:
Wireless sensor nodes (WSN) are used in numerous applications such as environment, buildings, agriculture, and personal health. WSNs are normally powered by batteries which are bulky and can only last for a certain period. Replacing batteries can be very expensive or impossible in some scenarios. In past several years, research activities have been focused on reducing power consumption of sensor nodes or converting ambient energy e.g. solar, thermal, and acoustic to power WSNs. However, those methods have different limitations, e.g. weather conditions, size, working distance, and communications.
In this project, the candidate student will investigate a novel hybrid RF-ultrasound transducer that can be used as an exchange hub for energy conversion and wireless communication. This cutting-edge, interdisciplinary, and challenging project requires the candidate work with our industrial and academic collaborators to develop a prototype of the proposed transducer. Research activities include investigation of high efficiency piezoelectric/SAW/MEMS materials, and design, fabrication, and test of RF antennas, ultrasound transducers and electronic circuits using the state of the art JWNC (https://www.gla.ac.uk/research/az/jwnc/) and Microwave and Terahertz Laboratory (https://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/engineering/staff/chongli/#researchinterests)
High power GaN devices for 6G communications and beyond
Supervisor:
Dr. Chong Li
Description:
As commercial 5G networks rolled out worldwide since 2019, the agenda of researching into future generation of mobile communications has been prioritised in both academia and industry. Several research institutes have recently established 6G related research centres in the UK and overseas.
One of the main challenges of cracking the nutshell of future communications is the RF front ends or transceivers. As the operating frequency of future communications moves to millimeter-wave territory e.g. 30 GHz and above, the performance of electronics e.g. amplifiers, passive components integrated circuits degrade in a number of ways including lower efficiency, higher power consumption, poor integrability and so on.
In this project, the successful candidate will investigate high efficiency high power GaN devices e.g. PIN diodes and oscillators which will be used in the frontend circuits of future communication systems. The candidate must have solid knowledge on semiconductor device physics and experience of RF circuit design. Experience of using simulation tools such as ADS or AWR is desirable. Devices will be fabricated using the state of the art nanofabrication equipment at James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (https://www.gla.ac.uk/research/az/jwnc/). The successful candidate will work closely with external collaborators at Cambridge, Bristol and Cardiff.
Frequency scanning antennas for next generation RADAR sensors
Supervisor:
Dr. Chong Li
Description:
RADAR sensors play a key role in the autonomous vehicles. To ensure safety, various ranges i.e. short-range, medium-range and long-range of RADARs with different resolutions and coverage areas are required within a vehicle. Different RADARs require different antennas that will not only increase system complexity and cost but also make antenna design extremely changeling. A frequency scanning antenna (FSA) is a type of antenna that allows electronic beam scan by changing input frequencies. Previous work within our group (Microwave and Terahertz Electronics group) has successfully demonstrated a rectangular waveguide-based FSA that can scan more than 90 degrees that is the highest of its kind. In this project, the candidate student will continue improving the antenna design and make it low profile, more efficient and compatible Si/SiGe technology for system integration. The student must have solid knowledge on electromagnetic waves and propagation, experience of using HFSS, or CST and hands-on experience of antenna test in anechoic chamber. Antennas will be fabricated at JWNC (https://www.gla.ac.uk/research/az/jwnc/) and tested in the Microwave and Terahertz Laboratory (https://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/engineering/staff/chongli/#researchinterests)
AI-enabled Plasmonic Nanodevice Design Techniques
Supervisors:
Dr Hasan Abbas
Dr Bo Liu
Description:
Recently, plasmonic nanodevices have attracted considerable attention due to their applications in both academy and industry and it is expected that the need for the design of plasmonic nanodevices will be increased more and more in the future. There are different novel nanostructured plasmonic devices that are determined by the shape as well as the material. In a conventional design, we utilize a trial-and-error process to reach the best parameters, then carry out our experiments with improved parameters for achieving the best results. This process is time-consuming. Although gradient-based local optimization techniques may be employed, the setting still involves quite a few “magic” parameters. Moreover, it should be noted that for the conventional design at least thousands of EM simulations are needed which are very expensive. For these reasons, the conventional method faces difficulties in terms of time and design.
The objectives of this PhD project are to:
- Understand direct EM scattering problems, which lay that foundation to comprehend mathematically ill-posed synthesis/inverse design problems.
- Design and measure simple nanoscale plasmonic structures to understand the design process and get first-hand design experience.
- Investigate AI techniques to synthesize plasmonic nanodevices, and
- verify the synthesized designs and improve the AI-driven design method. It is expected that the project will enable an antenna designer to only provide a fundamental structure, structure alternatives to some parts and material alternatives, and the AI-driven design technique will yield a highly optimized design efficiently.
Short and mid-infrared single photon detectors and arrays for rangefinding and automotive LIDAR
Supervisor
Description
Time correlated single photon detection enables a photon to be sent and the time it takes to return to be recorded. From this measurement and knowing the speed of light, the distance the photon has travelled can be calculated which is a technique known as rangefinding. There are many applications of rangefinding which include 3D imaging and seeing around corners but also it is a key technology for the navigation of autonomous vehicles so they do not bump into objects around them. Rangefinders are also important for road vehicles and one major application in the automotive industry is for sensors to determine if a car might crash so that the driver can be warned or preventative measures can be undertaken. The technology could also be used in digital and mobile phone cameras for autofocusing.
This project aims to develop the key device required for rangefinding at the important eye-safe wavelengths of 1.55 µm but also investigate longer wavelengths where the technology could be used for direct gas identification and imaging. The project will involve designing Ge and GeSn materials on a silicon substrate as the absorber layers for single photon detectors before fabricating a range of different single photon detectors and then testing them. At present all room temperature commercially available single photon detectors at this wavelength rely on expensive InGaAs technology which is too expensive for consumer markets and has US export controls. This project is aiming to develop much cheaper technology on a silicon platform that could be mass produced in silicon foundries allowing large arrays to be produced.
The student should have an undergraduate degree in Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering or an equivalent degree. They will design and model devices and be working in the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre to fabricate the devices before testing the photodetectors. The project is in collaboration with the companies Optocap and IQE as part of an InnovateUK project.
Contact Douglas.Paul@glasgow.ac.uk
Superlattice detectors for high-operating temperature mid-infrared sensors and imagers
Supervisors
Professor David R.S. Cumming, Professor Richard Hogg and Dr Vincenzo Pusino
Description
In the visible wavelength range, cheap and high performing cameras are widely available. In the mid-infrared (MIR) imaging market, however, most available imagers need cryogenic cooling, and uncooled MIR sensing and imaging technologies are of much interest. Type-II superlattice (T2SL) detectors have been proposed as suitable candidates for MIR uncooled detection, and other structures are also under investigation. Using semiconductor material design and growth to realise new MIR imaging and sensing devices the project will advance the state-of-the-art to investigate MWIR single photon detection.
The student will join a team of researchers with expertise in semiconductor device engineering, infrared imaging and sensing, and material design, fabrication, and characterisation. Wafers will be grown by either MBE or MOVPE according to the most suitable methods for the materials in use. Materials will be III-V semiconductors based on but not limited to alloys on Ga, As, In, and Sb, grown using the most appropriate epitaxial method. The student will carry out device fabrication in world-class James Watt Nanofabrication Centre at the University of Glasgow and will characterise the devices that they make in the laboratories of Imperial College or the University of Glasgow to access an excellent range of equipment. The project is multidisciplinary in nature and you will have the opportunity to work with industry and academia. The project will also provide opportunities to publish your research in leading journals and to attend international conferences in the field.
This challenging and exciting project is suitable for a highly motivated UK student with a first class degree in electronic engineering, physics or a related subject. Prior research experience is particularly valued.
Integrated metamaterials and plasmonic filters for enhanced mid-infrared sensing and imaging
Supervisors
Professor David R.S. Cumming and Dr Vincenzo Pusino
Description
New advances in metamaterials and plasmonics research are making exciting concepts such as invisibility cloaking become achievable. We are using these same concepts to invent new imaging and sensing technologies by integrating metamaterials with semiconductor devices. In so doing we are opening new possibilities for medical and environmental imaging and sensing. In this project the student will join a team of researchers providing expertise in semiconductor device engineering, infrared imaging and sensing, and metamaterial design, fabrication, and characterisation.
Our team has pioneered compact, low-cost monolithic imaging arrays working in the mid-infrared (MIR). You will work on the integration of metamaterials with our MIR arrays. The metamaterial structures will add new functionalities such as polarisation and wavelength selectivity to the MIR imagers. You will carry out the fabrication in our world-class cleanrooms and will characterise the devices that you make in the laboratories of the Electronic Systems Design Centre. The project is multidisciplinary in nature and you will have the opportunity to work with industry and academia. The project will also provide opportunities to publish your research in leading journals and to attend international conferences in the field.
This challenging and exciting project is suitable for a highly motivated UK student with a first class degree in electronic engineering, physics or a related subject. Prior research experience is particularly valued.
Development of integrated photonic circuits for non-linear applications (Funded)
Supervisors
Dr Loyd McKnight, Fraunhofer Centre for Applied Photonics (FCAP)
Description
The UK's recent investments in Quantum Technology envision disruptive new time standards based on an ultrastable optical frequency locked to a clock transition in trapped ions / atoms. Optical standards offer superior fractional stability (Δf/f) to radio-frequency (RF) clocks, and embedding them into servers, navigation systems and networks would revolutionise the telecommunications, finance, defence, geodesy and energy sectors. However, realizing this vision needs a means of transferring such timing stability from optical (PHz) frequencies to the RF/microwave (GHz) domain—a function requiring a laser frequency comb.
This project targets the timely development of an integrable miniature comb platform, leveraging recent progress in GHz femtosecond lasers at Heriot Watt University and integrated nonlinear photonics at Glasgow University. Specifically, the concept we propose unites a 10-GHz Kerr-lens modelocked laser with an ultra-high nonlinearity silicon nitride or AlGaAs supercontinuum chip with an on-board interferometer to enable offset frequency stabilization via self-referencing. The final device will integrate, on the same chip, signal filtering and delay functions with micro-ring resonators, couplers, tuning elements and electronic control.
The project will be developed in close association with QuantIC - the UK Quantum Technology Hub in Quantum Enhanced Imaging - as well as several academic and industrial partners who will contribute resources, expertise and routes for exploitation.
The learning experience: The Optoelectronics Research Group in the School of Engineering at the University of Glasgow has pioneered theoretical and experimental research on photonic integrated circuits for over 40 years. This activity is supported by the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (JWNC), one of the finest nanofabrication facilities in Europe with over £32M of nanofabrication tools in a 1350 m2 clean room. The Fraunhofer Centre for Applied Photonics (FCAP) provides professional research and development services for industry and is part of the larger Fraunhofer network that is Europe’s largest application orientated research organisation. The student will have access to state-of-the-art optical laboratories and will enjoy unique opportunities to develop industry contacts in an expanding research environment with responsibility at an early stage.
The project is highly multidisciplinary and will present an excellent opportunity for a motivated candidate to learn techniques spanning traditional discipline boundaries and to engage with academic and industrial partners. The successful applicant will have the opportunity to work in the FCAP laboratories and gain first-hand experience in industrially relevant research and development projects. This collaborative research studentship is part of the EPSRC-funded grant "Compact visible frequency combs - the missing link in a vision of pervasive quantum timekeeping" - EP/P005446/1.
Personal Specification: We are looking for a motivated and talented student graduating with at least a 2.1 undergraduate degree (or equivalent) in an engineering or physical science field. A master degree is preferable but not essential and previous research experience is greatly valued.
Funding is available to cover 42-month stipend and tuition fees, travel allowance and research consumables for UK/EU/International applicants.
How to apply
Application for this scholarship is made by using the online system at the following link for admission as a postgraduate research student to the admission team in the Recruitment and International Office.
It should be noted that this application is to gain admission to our PGR programme with the decision on this being based on your academic achievements, and an offer of admission may be sent out before a decision on this Scholarship is made. Candidates applying for this Scholarship will have their applications further vetted as to acceptability to this Scholarship and will most likely have an interview/discussion with the supervisor before any decision is made.
Contacts
Prospective applicants should contact Prof. Marc Sorel (marc.sorel@glasgow.ac.uk) to discuss their interest in the position. Applications for this studentship must be made via the University website.
Atomic Magnetometers for Magnetospinography Assessment of Nervous System Diseases
Supervisor
Description
The ability to detect small magnetic fields has many applications and in the medical field superconducting SQUID based detectors have demonstrated the ability to monitor brain and nerve activity suitable for the study and diagnosis of a wide range of diseases. Such superconducting devices have significant limitations mainly relating to their cryogenic operation requirement which also limits the lateral resolution of the imaging technique. For spinal cord or nerve imaging in arms and hands, the total imaging area may only be a few mm to a cm wide and so sufficient resolution is required to image such biological systems. More recently a number of groups have demonstrated the use of optical probing of the spin states of atoms in gases to be able to detect changes in magnetic field down to femtoTesla (1 part in 1015) levels. This project aims to deliver Rb atoms in a MEMS fabricated cell with integrated 780 nm DFB lasers and silicon photodetectors to deliver a multipixel magnetometer imaging array suitable for a range of applications including magnetospinography applications. The work will be in collaboration with the School of Medicine in Glasgow and the School of Physics in Strathclyde University.
The successful student should have an undergraduate degree in Physics, Electronic and Electrical Engineering or an equivalent subject. They will design and model the interferometer and be working in the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre to fabricate the sensors before testing the devices.
Contact
Douglas.Paul@glasgow.ac.uk
The Future of Quantum Computing: Designing and Building Qubits
Supervisor
Description
Quantum technologies utilize the principles of quantum physics to achieve unparalleled functionality and performance, leading to revolutionary advancements in electronics, medicine, energy, and computing. Superconducting circuits, known for their efficient, dissipation-free transmission of electrical signals and scalability, are preferred for constructing quantum coherence devices. The Quantum Circuit Group invites students with a robust foundation in engineering, physics, or materials science to engage in research on these technologies using superconducting quantum circuits. These circuits, structured at the nanoscale, function akin to artificial macroscopic spins, operated by microwave regime control pulses and maintained at ultra-low temperatures of 10mK.
As a key part of our team, you'll get hands-on experience:
· Designing Qubits: Craft the fundamental units of quantum computers.
· Engineering Couplings: Develop the essential connections between qubits.
· Utilizing Cutting-Edge Tools: Apply sophisticated simulation software.
· Accessing Top Facilities: Benefit from advanced resources at the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre.
· Characterizing Devices: Analyse their quantum performance in our fully-equipped laboratory
Contact: Martin Weides Email: martin.weides@glasgow.ac.uk
How to Apply: Please refer to the following website for details on how to apply:
http://www.gla.ac.uk/research/opportunities/howtoapplyforaresearchdegree/.
Fabricating Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) probes using novel materials
Supervisors
Dr Phil Dobson
Professor John Weaver
Description
Since its first demonstration in 1986, AFM has established itself as a powerful and versatile technique commonly used in labs around the world. Most AFMs are simply used to image surface topography at the micro- and nano-scale. However, there are an increasing number of applications that use AFM probes with additional structures integrated at their end (e.g. SThM, SECM-AFM, SNOM). One thing that all of these probes, both simple and advanced, have in common is that they are made from the same materials. These materials are largely the same as those used in semiconductor devices and are dictated by the processes used to manufacture AFM probes.
Although many devices have been made using this limited number of materials, the ability to use a wider range would allow the production of entirely new AFM probe types and well as bringing performance and cost benefits to established probes.
Our group are world leaders in the production of AFM probes and the aim of this project is to extend the number of materials that are available for effective AFM probe production. These materials will span a range from established and low cost (e.g. polymers) to cutting edge and high performance (e.g. atomic layer deposited materials). This will be coupled with the investigation of new manufacturing approaches needed to fully employ these materials as well as AFM scanning to assess finished device function.
By working on the project, the Ph.D. student will gain experience and training in microscopy (SThM, AFM, SEM and optical) and nano-fabrication in Glasgow University’s world class facility – the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (JWNC). This project is suitable for a student with a first degree in physical science or engineering. Applicants should have a 2:1 or equivalent and have demonstrated an ability to work in a laboratory environment. Training in microscopy, instrumentation and fabrication will be provided.
Contact: Phil.Dobson@glasgow.ac.uk
Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM): Imaging temperature and thermal properties at the nano-scale
Supervisors
Dr Phil Dobson
Professor John Weaver
Description
Heat has become a crucial aspect in the design and operation of modern electronic devices. An example of this is the fact that the performance of many semiconductor devices is dependent upon how effectively they can be cooled. However, as electronic devices become smaller, measuring their real temperature and other thermal properties has become increasingly difficult.
Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM) has become established in recent years and offers a way to study heat on the smallest scales. This microscopy technique employs a temperature sensor, located at the end of an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) probe, to measure the temperature of a surface on the microscopic scale. Furthermore, the technique can also be used to locally heat the surface, making it ideal for probing how well nano-sized regions conduct heat.
Our group are world leaders in the production of SThM probes and the majority of the probes used by researchers around the world are made within the University of Glasgow.
The aim of this project is to extend the applications of SThM by using our cutting-edge probes to investigate some of the newest devices and materials being produced by our collaborators. This will provide important insights into these devices but will also help us to better understand the use and interpretation of SThM data. It is anticipated that this will be of great interest to both researchers and industry.
By working on the project, the PhD student will gain experience and training in microscopy (SThM, AFM, SEM and optical), the development of new instrumentation and nano-fabrication in Glasgow University’s world class facility – the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (JWNC). This project is suitable for a student with a first degree in science or engineering. Applicants should have a 2:1 or equivalent and have demonstrated an ability to work in a laboratory environment. Training in microscopy, instrumentation and fabrication will be provided.
Contact: phil.dobson@glasgow.ac.uk
Microfabricated ion traps with integrated optical control for atomic clocks and quantum computers
Supervisor
Description
Microfabricated devices for the confinement and exquisite control of atomic particles are set to feature as essential core components in a range of quantum-enabled instrumentation. Applications of these devices are in atomic clocks and sensors, for use in precision positioning, navigation and timing. Furthermore, these chip-scale devices will be used for research in high-precision quantum metrology and have been proposed as a building block for quantum simulators and quantum computers. The aim of this project is to develop next-generation devices with enhanced performance characteristics, well-suited to these applications.
The UK's National Physical Laboratory (NPL) has developed novel chip-scale ion traps which are made using advanced microfabrication techniques, with the facilities at Glasgow's James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (JWNC). The microtrap device is a MEMS structure which, under the application of a radiofrequency high voltage, creates a linear array of segmented trapping potentials for storing strings of atomic ions. Irradiation by laser light cools the ions and controls their behaviour. Uniquely, the device combines a 3D structure with a parallel fabrication process, to exhibit a set of operating characteristics that is highly desirable for applications in atomic quantum technology.
At present all ion traps have bulk optical components for the laser cooling and optical control of the ions. This project has the aim to develop integrated optical components for laser cooling and the control of the quantum states of the ions in the taps. This will require the development of integrated on-chip laser delivery into the traps and providing high Q optical cavities to allow control of the quantum properties of single and multiple interacting ions in the traps.
Research and development in the microfabrication process will be conducted in the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre. Testing and application of devices will be performed in partnership with NPL in Teddington, London thus providing a secondment opportunity.
Contact Douglas.Paul@glasgow.ac.uk
Magneto-Thermal Microscopy
Supervisors
Professor John Weaver
Dr Phil Dobson
Description
Recent developments in quantitative Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM) allow the measurement of temperature and the imposition of thermal stimulus on the scale of a few nm. The behaviour of magnetic materials and devices is dominated by thermally determined processes such as domain wall pinning or the ferromagnetic Curie point. Recent technological efforts have focused on the use of heating to facilitate writing in magnetic storage media (Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording), but the interplay of magnetic and thermal phenomena at the nanoscale is a very wide field.
The project is concerned with the development of sensor systems for the investigation of thermal processes in magnetic samples at the nanoscale. This includes the development of a range of instrumentation including systems for SThM in the presence of a magnetic field, high speed magnetic stimulation, injection of local currents and thermal excitation of magnetic materials.
Contact Jonathan.Weaver@glasgow.ac.uk
Agile Antenna Systems Providing Seamless Mobile Network Performance in the Transport Sector
Supervisors:
Description:
In this project, the student will propose a method to achieve the best configuration of the beamforming antenna to provide seamless connectivity to the transport infrastructure across the UK, including motorways, underground rail tracks, and urban environments. Different application scenarios may require different physical coverage beam and communication range. In addition, the antenna gain of choice can be chosen from the low/mid/high gain arrays to match the application needs and each array in the proposed agile antenna structure will be designed with beamforming capability for integration with an overall beamforming frontend. This method allows optimum interference performance and lowest deployment and maintenance costs to suit the volatile transportation environment.
Antenna design for future 6G wireless communications
Supervisors:
Dr Massod ur Rehman
Description:
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) opened the spectrum between 95 GHz and 3,000 GHz for experimental use and unlicensed applications, to encourage the development of new wireless communication technologies. Following this trend, it is inevitable to utilise the terahertz (THz) bands (0.1 to 10 THz) for future wireless systems. In these bands, an enormous amount of bandwidth is available, which can facilitate Tbps data speeds in the future 6G systems. In this project, the student will explore novel antenna solutions that can generate high gain with wide beam steering capability. Lens or reflector antenna can generate high gain but there is a limitation of beam steering angle. Phase array can support beam steering but large number of array elements (and RF chain) is needed to generate high gain. Considering this, the goal of this project is to come up with novel antenna design for future 6G systems.
AI enabled Contact-less sensing for health monitoring
Supervisors:
Dr Ahmed Zoha
Description:
The healthcare paradigm is shifting from doctor-centric to patient-centric concept. The prevailing techniques to enable this paradigm shift uses ambient sensors, cameras and wearable devices that primarily require strenuous deployment overheads and raise privacy concerns as well. To overcome aforementioned issues, an emerging technique to use perturbations in Channel State Information (CSI) of wireless signals for detecting human movements (which are linked to various health conditions) is attracting attention due to its non-invasive nature and security feature. The work will be focused on the development of non-invasive, easily-deployable, flexible and scalable testbed for identifying large-scale and small-scale body movements based on Software Defined Radios (SDRs). By employing, machine learning on the collected data to do proactive health measures.
Develop a High-Resolution Plasmonic Imaging Technique using Semiconductor Heterostructures
Supervisors:
Description:
The focus of the project is on the design and modelling of plasmonic devices at various wavelength regions, which have great potential for different applications, such as super-resolution imaging, biomedical imaging, nanolithography, integrated optics, etc. The student is expected to have knowledge in optics and photonics, electromagnetic waves, and strong interests in modelling with commercial electromagnetic simulation software. The fabrication of those devices with nano-fabrication techniques, such as e-beam lithography, with the state-of-the-art cleanroom fabrication facilitates at University of Glasgow. Through the project, the student will develop a high-level understanding of the physics behind those photonic devices from fundamental physics theory, fabrication and final characterization of those advanced photonic devices.
Blockchain enabled UHF RFID tagging for industry 4.0 applications
Supervisors:
Description:
This project deals with a block-chain enabled inkjet-printed ultrahigh frequency radiofrequency identification (UHF RFID) system for the supply chain management, traceability and authentication of hard to tag bottled consumer products containing fluids such as water, oil, juice, and wine. In this context, a novel low-cost, compact inkjet-printed UHF RFID tag antenna design for liquid bottles is proposed, that can operate at relatively longer-range performance over existing designs. With the help of block-chain based product tracking and a mobile application, a real-time, secure and smart supply chain process can be realised, where items can be monitored using the proposed RFID technology. The standalone system can be deployed to create smart contracts that benefit both the suppliers and consumers through the development of trust.
Mode locked laser diode with repetition rate locked to an atomic transition
Supervisors:
Professor John Marsh
Description:
Numerous industrial applications including satellite based navigation, telecommunication, and space applications require field-deployable atomic clocks combining excellent fractional frequency stability, low power consumption, and small size.
The aim of this project is to develop a very compact source of an optical comb with its repetition rate locked to an atomic transition.
The objectives are:
(1) Developed GaAs/AlGaAs Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) Mode locked laser diode (MLLD) operating at 894 nm with two lasing modes and the repetition rate set to be 9.192631770GHz which equals the signal emitted by electron spin transitions between two hyperfine energy levels in atoms of caesium-133. The effective cavity length of the DBR MLLD is around 4.4 mm.
(2) Feedback the signal from Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) to the MLLD to tune the mode spacing to be exactly the hyperfine splitting of Cs 9.192631770 GHz by changing MLLD’s gain or DBR current for coarse tuning and/or the saturable absorber(SA) section’s voltage for fine tuning.
This device will be used as Miniature Atomic Clocks or Room Temperature Magnetometers.
This project will collaborate with
(1) Professor Charlie Ironside, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bentley Campus, Curtin University
(2) Dr Mohsin Haji, Senior Research Scientist at NPL for Cs CPT signal measurement and feedback loop experimental setup for MLLD mode spacing stability.
THz sources based on monolithic dual wavelength lasers and uni-travelling carrier photodiodes
Supervisors:
Professor John Marsh
Description:
Many applications of THz radiation require sources that are compact, low-cost, and operate at room temperature.
In this project, we will develop both the high power low linewidth novel DWLs and the first monolithic THz transmitter based on the combination of DWL and uni-travelling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) antennas. The integration of these devices will lead to a compact sub-system operating at low voltage/current and so addresses the significant barrier in the adoption of THz technology presented by current systems using large frame lasers. We will demonstrate a novel ‘system on a chip’, integrating a high power DWL and UTC-PD using asymmetric twin waveguide (ATG) and quantum well intermixing (QWI) technologies. The advantages of this THz emitter system include alignment free, uncooled, room temperature and continuous-wave operation, compact form factor, and a narrow linewidth. The compact THz sources will be assessed for use in medical imaging, chemical and atmospheric sensing. Portable THz radiation sources are also highly desirable in systems for high-bandwidth wireless communications, such as on-chip communications, data storage and data centre communications, and satellite to satellite communications.
The project has two main objectives:
1. Development of the first integrated photonic pulse source based on high-power narrow-linewidth DWLs operating at 1.55 μm with pulse repetition frequencies from 275 GHz to 1.5 THz. The use of novel π phase shifted sampled grating will be investigated.
2. Development of the first integrated photonic THz sources based on monolithic high-power narrow-linewith DWLs and travelling wave UTC-PD (TW-UTC-PDs) using ATG and QWI techniques.
Plant Health Testing and Assessment using Terahertz waves and artificial intelligence
Supervisors:
Description:
The primary goal of this project is to develop the underpinning seed quality and plant health assessment technologies that combine nanoscale multi-spectral imaging, and sensing techniques that will ultimately improve a crop’s yield. To do so, the student is expected to perform a rigorous analysis of plant throughout its life cycle in which physiological features are collected for pathogenesis. It is expected that the proposed multispectral sensing technology will also result in the efficient utilization of water resources for crops such as maize, wheat, and rice that are major contributors to the staple food across the globe.
Future healthcare using nanoscale physiological sensors
Supervisors:
Description:
Technological breakthroughs in nano-fabrication technologies have enabled us to realise miniaturised communication systems. Nano-scale pervasive sensing is a vision through which vital human physiological data of a patient can be captured with the help of self-powered nano-sensors that are placed on the skin of human beings. The collected data can then be used for a variety of diagnostic purposes. In this project, the student will deal with the challenges involved in the deployment of these nanoscale sensing networks. Specifically, the aim of the project is to study the terahertz frequency nanoscale communication systems and the underlying electromagnetic propagation and scattering schemes that enable the operation of nanosized sensors.
W-Lasers: Towards greener optical fibre communications
Supervisor
Application deadline: 31/01/2024 (for School/EPSRC funding applications)
Description
|
The flow of information on the internet is staggering, with over 4bn daily users. At the core of this network are optical fibres that carry the pulses of light encoded with data. The light in these pulses is generated in nanometre scale quantum wells. In these quantum wells, electrons recombine with holes to produce photons. However only a small fraction of the energy used in the system ends-up producing light with most processes resulting in heat, requiring active cooling. Such inefficiencies mean that the internet is rapidly becoming responsible for a significant fraction of global energy use. The project will address this problem using quantum engineering to develop of new types of semiconductor laser that use so-called W quantum wells (W-QWs). In W-QWs the interactions between the electron and hole wavefunctions can be carefully controlled with the promise of producing lasers that are much more efficient and less sensitive to heating. The project will combine a design and modelling of the lasers and fabrication and characterisation of devices. The successful outcome of the project will help to develop a more energy efficient, high-capacity future internet. The student on this project will work within the Semiconductor Photonics Materials and Devices group and will have access to the world leading facilities within the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre at the University of Glasgow. Students applying for this project should ideally possess or close to completing a degree or equivalent in Physics, Electronic Engineering, Physics or related fields with a background of semiconductor devices. For further details contact Professor Stephen Sweeney (stephen.j.sweeney@glasgow.ac.uk) How to Apply: Please refer to the following website for details on how to apply for PhD admission and a School/EPSRC Scholarship: http://www.gla.ac.uk/research/opportunities/howtoapplyforaresearchdegree/. |
Maximising Power in Semiconductor Lasers (collaboration with FBH, Berlin)
Supervisors
Application deadline: 31/01/2024 (for EPSRC/School funding applications)
Description
|
High power semiconductor lasers form the backbone of several applications, ranging from providing a boost to sending optical signals across the world, through to their use as the optical pumps in fibre lasers as used in robotic manufacturing and even to seed the photons used in nuclear fusion experiments and beaming energy in space. They are thus a critical element of photonics technologies. High power semiconductor lasers are typically based upon very carefully engineered single quantum well active regions with very low losses. However, in spite of their success, their efficiency peaks at around 70% and decreases towards the highest powers. The reason for this is presently unclear and the aim of this project is to develop a clear understanding of the limits in high power lasers with the aim to develop new, higher efficiency devices for use in the many and varied applications described above. This project will address this problem using a combination of advanced experimental characterisation methods (e.g. cryogenic and high pressure studies) coupled with developing physical models for the processes occurring in the lasers. This will be used to design and fabricate improved devices that will be demonstrated in the laboratory. The student on this project will work within the Semiconductor Photonics Materials and Devices group and will have access to the world leading facilities within the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre at the University of Glasgow. The project will also be a collaboration between the University of Glasgow and our partners at the Ferdinand Braun Institut in Berlin, Germany (https://www.fbh-berlin.de/en/). Students applying for this project should ideally possess or close to completing a degree or equivalent in Physics, Electronic Engineering, Physics or related fields with a background of semiconductor devices. For further details contact Professor Stephen Sweeney (stephen.j.sweeney@glasgow.ac.uk) How to Apply: Please refer to the following website for details on how to apply for PhD admissiona and a School/EPSRC scholarship: http://www.gla.ac.uk/research/opportunities/howtoapplyforaresearchdegree/. |
Higher Efficiency thin film solar cells
Supervisors
Application deadline: 31/1/24 for a School/EPSRC Scholarship
Description
|
Solar panels based on photovoltaics are becoming a common sight and are an important route to delivering renewable energy and minimising carbon emissions. Solar panels found their first major use in space, where they continue to be the main source of power generation onboard satellites. However, terrestrial and space applications place very different demands on the solar panels; for space applications, high efficiency, low mass and reliability are key, whereas roof-top solar panels are much more sensitive to cost and typically use materials that are intrinsically less efficient and simpler to produce. This project aims to develop photovoltaic solar cell approaches that can provide advantages in both efficiency, mass and cost by focusing on the development of new semiconductor materials and heterostructures, based on the bismide-nitride family of III-V semiconductors. Two PhD projects are available in this topic. The first project will undertake a theoretical exploration of the properties of the semiconductors and how manipulation of the electronic band structure can lead to high absorption within very thin layers. The project will work from electronic band structure calculations, through to modelling of photovoltaic device performance. The second project will aim to experimentally demonstrate the influence of band structure on photovoltaic efficiency and will work with collaborative partners to demonstrate prototype semiconductor alloys and devices. The student on this project will work within the Semiconductor Photonics Materials and Devices group and will have access to the world leading computational and experimental facilities at the University of Glasgow. Students applying for this project should ideally possess or close to completing a degree or equivalent in Physics, Electronic Engineering, Physics or related fields with a background in solid-state physics or semiconductor devices.
For further details contact Professor Stephen Sweeney (stephen.j.sweeney@glasgow.ac.uk) How to Apply: Please refer to the following website for details on how to apply for admission and a School/EPSRC scholarship: http://www.gla.ac.uk/research/opportunities/howtoapplyforaresearchdegree/. |
Optical Wireless Energy Beaming for Terrestrial and Space applications (collaboration with SpacePower)
Supervisors
Application deadline: 31/1/24 for a School/EPSRC Scholarship
Description
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Wireless communications are mainstream and we are constantly surrounded by electromagnetic waves wirelessly transmitting large volumes of data. However, almost all the technologies that we use at some point require plugging-in to charge. Wireless inductive charging for mobile phones is now becoming standard. However, it requires very close proximity to a charging point, limiting range. If energy could be delivered as seamlessly as data it would open-up many applications ranging from powering small sensors over a few metres, through to mobile phones, laptops etc. anywhere within a room, electric vehicles on the roads and ultimately delivering energy within space over 1000s km. Optical-based approaches offer a potential solution owing to the relative ease of beaming a focused beam of energy using lasers. This project will work on develop the underpinning technologies for optical wireless power with a focus on developing high efficiency receivers based upon single- and multi-junction thin film and quantum well semiconductor-based photovoltaics. The project will include computation design and modelling of photovoltaics and the fabrication and testing of prototype devices. These will be evaluated in lab and field based trials of laser power beaming. The student on this project will work within the Semiconductor Photonics Materials and Devices group and will have access to the world leading facilities within the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre at the University of Glasgow. The project will include a collaboration between the University of Glasgow and our partners at Space Power. Students applying for this project should ideally possess or close to completing a degree or equivalent in Physics, Electronic Engineering, Physics or related fields with a background of semiconductor devices. For further details contact Professor Stephen Sweeney (stephen.j.sweeney@glasgow.ac.uk) How to Apply: Please refer to the following website for details on how to apply for admissions and a School/EPSRC scholarship: http://www.gla.ac.uk/research/opportunities/howtoapplyforaresearchdegree/. |
Photonic and Quantum Thermometry (collaboration with NPL) (FUNDED)
Supervisors
Funding is available and applications will be assessed on a competitive basis.
Description
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Temperature is one of the most familiar measurable quantities that influences our lives. It is also a key quantity controlling chemical processes, for example in the body, or in the manufacture of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. It also impacts the functionality and efficiency of many technologies and controlling heat generation and flow, for example in processor chips is key to optimising their performance and energy use. Current ways of measuring temperature suffer from two main issues: (i) the need for periodic calibration to a “known” traceable standard to avoid drift, and (ii) the challenge of measuring temperature on a sub-micron scale, e.g. inside electronic chips. This project aims to overcome these issues by developing an entirely miniaturised on-chip approach that uses active quantum-confined semiconductor optical resonators. The project will involve computer based design and modelling as well as fabrication and testing of the fabricated prototypes at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) partner. The student on this project will work within the Semiconductor Photonics Materials and Devices group and will have access to the world leading facilities within the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre at the University of Glasgow. The project will also be a collaboration between the University of Glasgow and our partners at the National Physical Laboratory. Students applying for this project should ideally possess or close to completing a degree or equivalent in Physics, Electronic Engineering, Physics or related fields with a background of semiconductor devices. For further details contact Professor Stephen Sweeney (stephen.j.sweeney@glasgow.ac.uk) How to Apply: Please refer to the following website for details on how to apply: http://www.gla.ac.uk/research/opportunities/howtoapplyforaresearchdegree/. |