Dr Carlos Garcia Nunez
- Senior Lecturer (Electronic & Nanoscale Engineering)
email:
Carlos.GarciaNunez@glasgow.ac.uk
University Avenue, James Watt South Building, room 460, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8QQ
Biography
Brief Bio
Dr Carlos García Núñez is Senior Lecturer in Electronics and Nanoscale Engineering at the University of Glasgow’s James Watt School of Engineering. He is Co-Director of the Microelectronics Laboratory (meLAB) and leads the Smart Materials Group. A Chartered Engineer and experimental physicist, he has more than 15 years of experience in the development of thin films, semiconductor nanowires, graphene and other nanostructured functional materials.
His research operates at the interface of materials science, photonics and electronic engineering, connecting materials synthesis and deposition with advanced characterisation, modelling, device integration and prototype development. His research programme is organised around three interconnected themes: Photonics and Optoelectronics, Functional Nanomaterials, and Energy and Self-Powered Systems. Together, these themes support a distinctive research vision focused on engineering light, matter and energy through multifunctional materials.
Current research activities include semiconductor-nanowire and three-dimensional graphene photodetectors; high-reflectivity, low-loss and antireflection optical coatings; piezoelectric and triboelectric thin films; energy-harvesting devices; self-powered sensors; and tribophotonic and electro-optic systems. These technologies have applications in gravitational-wave detection, quantum and biosensing technologies, healthcare, sustainable energy, intelligent sensing and human–machine interfaces.
Since obtaining his first academic appointment in 2018, Dr García Núñez has established an independent and internationally connected research programme, leading multidisciplinary projects with academic and industrial partners across the United Kingdom, Europe, North America and Asia. His work spans fundamental investigation of material–property relationships through to functional demonstrators, intellectual property and commercial translation.
Dr García Núñez received his BSc in Physics in 2009 and MSc in Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology in 2010 from the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM). He subsequently joined UAM’s Electronics and Semiconductors Group under a competitive Spanish FPI Fellowship, obtaining his PhD in Physics summa cum laude in 2015. His doctoral research focused on electronic devices based on Zn3N2 thin films and ZnO and GaAs nanowires and included research secondments at the University of Alabama and the Walter Schottky Institute (Munich, Germany).
In 2015, he joined the University of Glasgow as a Postdoctoral Research Associate, working initially on printed semiconductor nanowires, flexible electronics and electronic skin, and subsequently on the optoelectronic assembly of nanostructures for energy-storage applications. In 2018, he was appointed Lecturer in Physics at the University of the West of Scotland, where he joined the Institute of Thin Films, Sensors and Imaging. He returned to the University of Glasgow as Lecturer in Electronics and Nanoscale Engineering in 2023 and was promoted to Senior Lecturer in 2025.
He is a Chartered Engineer (CEng), Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (FHEA), Member of the Institute of Physics (MInstP) and Senior Member of the IEEE (SMIEEE).
Research Track Record
Dr García Núñez has established a strong record of independent research leadership. He has authored or co-authored more than 190 scholarly outputs, comprising peer-reviewed journal articles and international conference publications, together with one book, one book chapter and two intellectual-property outputs. His publication portfolio includes a growing body of senior- and corresponding-author research led by members of his team.
As of August 2026, his work had attracted more than 17,000 citations, with an h-index of 53 and an i10-index of 86 on Google Scholar. He has also been included in the Stanford University/Elsevier global database of the world’s top 2% most-cited scientists. His research has appeared in journals including Science Advances, ACS Nano, Advanced Functional Materials, Nano Energy, Chemical Engineering Journal, Advanced Electronic Materials and Applied Optics.
His research programme has received competitive support from EPSRC, STFC, the British Council, and university–industry initiatives. It is strengthened by collaborations with academic institutions, national research facilities and technology companies, supporting the translation of fundamental materials research into devices, prototypes and commercially relevant technologies.
Dr García Núñez contributes to the wider research community through membership of the EPSRC Peer Review College, leadership and participation in international funding panels, editorial activities and the coordination of collaborative research initiatives.
Research interests
Research Interests
Dr Carlos García Núñez’s research focuses on thin films and nanostructured functional materials for photonics, sensing and self-powered systems. His work investigates how the composition, structure, morphology and interfaces of materials determine their optical, electronic, mechanical and electromechanical properties—and how these relationships can be engineered to create improved devices.
His research encompasses the complete materials-to-device pathway: material synthesis and thin-film deposition; micro- and nanostructuring; structural, compositional and functional characterisation; multiphysics modelling; device fabrication; and experimental validation. Particular emphasis is placed on semiconductor nanowires, graphene, piezoelectric and triboelectric thin films, optical coatings and material-enabled photonic devices.
The research is organised around three interconnected themes:
- Functional Materials and Nanostructures: synthesis and engineering of semiconductor nanowires, graphene structures and functional thin films, including ZnO, AlN, SiNx and SiOxNy. This work examines how deposition and processing conditions control material properties and device performance.
- Optical and Photonic Materials and Devices: development of broadband photodetectors, low-loss high-reflectivity mirrors, bio-inspired antireflection surfaces and electro-optic devices for applications spanning gravitational-wave detection, infrared molecular sensing, quantum technologies and integrated photonics.
- Energy and Self-Powered Systems: development of triboelectric and piezoelectric energy harvesters, tribotronic devices and autonomous sensing platforms capable of converting mechanical activity into electrical energy, sensing information or optical modulation.
A distinctive element of this research is the development of bespoke experimental methods and hardware–software platforms for measuring properties including piezoelectric response, triboelectric charge transfer, photoresponsivity, optical absorption and scattering, mechanical loss and spectral transmission. Finite-element and multiphysics modelling are used alongside experiments to investigate resonant behaviour, understand device operation and guide materials and device optimisation.
Functional materials and nanostructures are subsequently integrated into devices using cleanroom micro- and nanofabrication, thin-film patterning, contact printing and dielectrophoretic assembly. This integrated approach enables fundamental discoveries in materials science to be translated into demonstrators and technologies with potential societal and industrial impact.
Research Projects
The following selected research programmes illustrate the Smart Materials Group’s materials-to-device approach, from the engineering of functional materials and nanostructures through to device validation and industrial translation.
BIO-MIRAR — Bio-Inspired MIR Coatings for Molecular Sensing
BIO-MIRAR develops bio-inspired, subwavelength “moth-eye” antireflection nanostructures for high-transmission optical components operating across the 8–11 μm mid-infrared spectral range. The project initially focuses on nanostructuring both surfaces of GaAs components to suppress reflection and increase the amount of light reaching a molecular-detection region integrated with diamond.
The programme combines electromagnetic design, lithography, semiconductor etching, surface characterisation and infrared optical testing. Working with industrial partners, it aims to establish a scalable route from optimised nanostructure geometry to prototype validation, with future extension of the technology to diamond and other infrared materials.

BIO-MIRAR vision: bio-inspired nanostructures suppress reflection and enhance mid-infrared transmission within a molecular-sensing platform.
CRYONITRIDE — Low-Loss Mirrors for Cryogenic Gravitational-Wave Detectors
CRYONITRIDE investigates silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride thin-film coatings for the highly reflective mirrors required in current and future gravitational-wave detectors. The research examines how deposition conditions, chemical composition, microstructure and thermal processing influence refractive index, optical absorption, scattering and mechanical loss.
The objective is to develop coating architectures that combine high optical reflectivity with exceptionally low optical and mechanical losses, including under cryogenic operating conditions. This work brings together plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition, physical vapour deposition, advanced compositional analysis, optical-loss measurements and multilayer mirror design.
Read our related research in Applied Optics.

CRYONITRIDE vision: compositionally engineered nitride coatings for low-loss, high-reflectivity mirrors in next-generation gravitational-wave observatories.
LIGHTENG — Self-Powered Photonic Circuits
LIGHTENG explores a new class of self-powered tribophotonic devices in which mechanical activity is converted directly into an optical response. Triboelectric nanogenerators produce the high electric fields required to actuate thin-film Fabry–Pérot electro-optic modulators, removing the requirement for a conventional external high-voltage supply.
The project connects functional-material development, energy harvesting and tunable photonics within a single device architecture. It has progressed from proof-of-concept experiments to a portable demonstrator, establishing a pathway towards autonomous optical sensors, mechanically controlled photonic circuits and self-powered human–machine interfaces.
Read our related research in Chemical Engineering Journal.

LIGHTENG vision: mechanical energy harvested by a triboelectric nanogenerator drives a thin-film electro-optic modulator to produce a tunable optical output.
TRIBOSENSE — Self-Charging Hybrid Sensor Systems
TRIBOSENSE develops triboelectric, piezoelectric and hybrid material platforms capable of harvesting mechanical energy while simultaneously providing sensing information. The research connects material morphology, electron affinity, surface charge and contact electrification with the performance of nanogenerators, transistor-based sensors and hybrid energy systems.
These self-charging technologies are being investigated for pressure and motion sensing, healthcare monitoring, smart infrastructure and intelligent environments. By combining energy generation, sensing, signal control and energy storage, the programme seeks to reduce dependence on batteries and enable more autonomous distributed sensor networks.
Read our related research in Nano Energy and Advanced Materials Technologies.

TRIBOSENSE vision: hybrid functional materials convert human and environmental mechanical activity into electrical energy and actionable sensing information.
These featured programmes are complemented by continuing research on semiconductor nanowires and three-dimensional graphene broadband photodetectors, piezoelectric AlN and ZnO thin films, MEMS energy harvesters and the heterogeneous integration of nanomaterials using contact printing and dielectrophoretic assembly. Foundational examples include publications in Nano Letters and Microsystems & Nanoengineering.
Publications
Selected publications
Ejaz, Ammara, McKinlay, Michael, Ahmadzadeh, Sam, Garcia, Manuel Pelayo, Fleming, Lewis, Mazur, Piotr, Mazur, Michal, Gibson, Des and Garcia Nunez, Carlos ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6189
(2023)
Investigation and band gap analysis of pulsed Dc magnetron sputtered diamond‐like carbon to enhance contact‐electrification and durability of triboelectric nanogenerators.
Advanced Materials Technologies, 8(16),
2300450.
(doi: 10.1002/admt.202300450)
Keel, Emma, Ejaz, Ammara, Mckinlay, Michael, Garcia, Manuel Pelayo, Caffio, Marco, Gibson, Des and Garcia Nunez, Carlos ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6189
(2023)
Three-dimensional graphene foam based triboelectric nanogenerators for energy systems and autonomous sensors.
Nano Energy, 112,
108475.
(doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108475)
Garcia Nunez, C. et al. (2023) Amorphous dielectric optical coatings deposited by plasma ion-assisted electron beam evaporation for gravitational wave detectors. Applied Optics, 62(7), B209-B221. (doi: 10.1364/ao.477186) (PMID:37132933)
García Núñez, Carlos ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6189, Liu, Fengyuan
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9909-4267, Navaraj, William, Christou, Adamos, Shakthivel, Dhayalan and Dahiya, Ravinder
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-3841
(2018)
Heterogeneous integration of contact-printed semiconductor nanowires for high performance devices on large areas.
Microsystems and Nanoengineering, 4,
22.
(doi: 10.1038/s41378-018-0021-6)
(PMID:31057910)
(PMCID:PMC6220160)
García Núñez, Carlos ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6189, Braña, Alejandro F., López, Nair and García, Basilio J.
(2018)
A novel growth method to improve the quality of GaAs nanowires grown by Ga-assisted chemical beam epitaxy.
Nano Letters, 18(6),
pp. 3608-3615.
(doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00702)
García Núñez, Carlos ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6189, Navaraj, William Taube, Polat, Emre O. and Dahiya, Ravinder
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-3841
(2017)
Energy autonomous flexible and transparent tactile skin.
Advanced Functional Materials, 27(18),
1606287.
(doi: 10.1002/adfm.201606287)
Garcia Nunez, C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6189, Sachsenhauser, M., Blashcke, B., García Marín, A., Garrido, Jose A. and Pau, Jose L.
(2015)
Effects of hydroxylation and silanization on the surface properties of ZnO nanowires.
ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 7(9),
pp. 5331-5337.
(doi: 10.1021/am508752m)
(PMID:25675135)
All publications
Grants
Research Funding and Partnerships
Since establishing his independent academic research programme in 2018, Dr García Núñez has secured or co-secured more than £1.7 million in competitive research, innovation and doctoral-training funding as Principal Investigator and Co-Investigator.
His funding portfolio spans UK research councils, international programmes, knowledge-transfer partnerships, industrial collaborations and university-funded initiatives. It supports an integrated programme in thin films and nanostructured functional materials for photonics, sensing, energy harvesting and self-powered systems.
Selected Grants and Funded Projects
-
BIO-MIRAR: Bio-Inspired MIR Coatings for Molecular Sensing
EPSRC Photonics and Quantum Accelerator Early Impact Award, Principal Investigator, £50,000, 2026–2027. -
LIGHTENG: Self-Powered Tribotronic Electro-Optical Modulators for Advanced Photonic Circuits
EPSRC Photonics and Quantum Accelerator, Principal Investigator, £49,705, 2025–2026. -
CRYONITRIDE: Silicon Nitride Optical Coatings for Cryogenic Gravitational-Wave Detectors
STFC Industrial CASE Plus, Principal Investigator, £111,642, 2023–2027, with Helia Photonics. -
TRIBOSENSE: Self-Charging Hybrid Energy and Sensor Systems
EPSRC Doctoral Training Partnership studentship, Principal Investigator, £82,574, from 2023. -
Investigations in Gravitational Radiation
STFC Consolidated Grant, Co-Investigator; £9.9 million consortium value, including £317,297 awarded to UWS, 2021–2024. -
FleEnSys: Advanced Energy Harvesters and Energy-Storage Devices for Self-Powered Flexible Systems
British Council and Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, Principal Investigator; £500,000 international programme, 2020–2023. -
Knowledge Transfer Partnerships in Advanced Thin-Film Technologies
Two Innovate UK KTP projects with Teer Coatings and Semefab, Co-Investigator; combined project value of £443,284, 2020–2023. -
Glancing-Angle Deposition of Nanostructured ZnO Thin Films for Ultrasonic Sensing and Imaging
CENSIS doctoral studentship, Principal Investigator, £70,521, with Novosound. -
Microwave-Plasma-Assisted Deposition of Piezoelectric Thin Films for Imaging and Sensing
Royal Society Short Industry Fellowship, Principal Investigator, £24,359, with Novosound.
These awards are complemented by Royal Society, Carnegie Trust, SUPA, Research Innovation Scotland and University of Glasgow funding for research equipment, international mobility, proof-of-concept studies and collaborative network development.
Supervision
Line Manager PDRA (Total: 3): (1) Dr Ammara Ejaz (Oct’21– Oct’23); (2) Dr Lewis Fleming (Nov’21– Oct’23); (3) Dr Hongyan Yue (May’24– May’25).
First Supervisor PhD Student (Total: 7): (1) Matthew Dowhan (Oct’19–June’20); (2) Manuel Pelayo (Dec’20–Dec’23); (3) Greg McGann (Oct’21–Dec’23); (4) Michael McKinlay (Oct’22–Oct’26); (5) Kirstin Saunders (Oct’23–Mar’27); (6) Jiaqi Zong (Jan’25–); (7) Patrick Millar (Jul’25–)
MSc Students (Total: 18): (1) Siqi Hao (AY18-19); (2) Greig Oliver (AY19-20); (3) Xiao Meng (AY19-20); (4) Xiaoxiao Xie (AY19-20); (5) Jordan Hill (AY21-22); (6) Peter O’Hanlon (Jun’24–Aug’24); (7) Xuan Li (Jun’24–Aug’24); (8) Fengzhu Zhou (Oct’24–Jul’25); (9) Lakshesh Mayank Shah (Oct’24–Jul’25); (10) Yuan Ding (Oct’24–Jul’25); (11) Xingtong Wang (Oct’24–Jul’25); (12) Yuhang Nan (Oct’24–Jul’25); (13) Zheng Tan (Oct’24–Jul’25); (14) Xiaoou Jiang (Oct’24–Jul’25); (15) Chen Zhihan (May’26–Sep’26); (16) Kelsarkar Radha Basavraj (May’26–Sep’26); (17) Peng Yifei (May’26–Sep’26); (18) Samuel Jerom (May’26–Sep’26).
Hons Students (Total: 12): (1) Greig Oliver (AY18-19); (2) Caitlin McGallagly (AY18-19); (3) Caitlin McKenzie (AY19-20); (4) Jordan Hill (AY19-20); (5) Marc Gill (AY21-22); (6) Ardiana Nela (AY21-22); (7) Connor Lindsay (AY21-22); (8) Marco Dicosta (AY22-23); (9) Cormac Smith (AY22-23); (10) Nour Wakaf (AY23-24); (11) Sarah Aldhuwaihi (Nov’24–Mar’25); (12) Lewis Ross (Nov’24–Mar’25);
Second Supervisor PhD Student (Total: 6): (1) Connor Douglas (Jan’21–Nov’21); (2) Sander Vervoort (Oct’19– Oct’22); (3) Emma Keel (Sep’22–); (4) Connor Lindsay (Sep’22–); (5) Mahdieh S. Baghini (Sep’23–Mar’25); (6) Laura Mazon (Sep’23–).
Assessor PhD Student (Total: 4): (1) Jian Song (Oct’19– Oct’22); (2) Sijia Cai (Oct’19– Oct’22); (3) W.K. Adza (Feb’20– Feb’23); (4) Sam Ahmadzadeh (Oct’20– Oct’23)
Teaching
- At the University of Glasgow (UofG) in the UK: (BEng modules) Engineering Maths 1 (AY23-24, AY24-25, AY25-26, AY26-27); Business Planning and Management 4 ENG4208 (AY26-27).
- At the University of the West of Scotland (UWS) in the UK: (PhD modules) SUPA Introductory to Data Analysis (AY18-19, AY19-20, AY20-21, AY21-22, AY22-23). (BS modules) Electromagnetism (AY18-19, AY19-20, AY20-21, AY21-22, AY22-23); Advanced Optics (AY18-19, AY19-20, AY20-21, AY21-22, AY22-23); Oscillations, Waves and Fields (AY18-19, AY19-20, AY20-21, AY21-22, AY22-23); (MS modules) Thin Film Devices and Applications (AY18-19, AY19-20, AY20-21); Theory of Thin Films (AY21-22).
- At Changchun University of Science and Technology (CUST) in China: (BS modules) Applied Optics (AY21-22, AY22-23); Thin Film Devices and Applications (AY22-23).
- At the University of Glasgow in the UK: (BE modules) Team Design Project 3 (AY15-16, AY16-17, AY17-18).
- At the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) in Spain: (BS modules) Electric Circuits - Boston University program (AY13-14, AY14-15); Digital Electric Circuits (AY12-13); Electric Circuits (AY13-14, AY14-15).
- At the Universidad de Oviedo: (Modules for Academics) Piezoelectric Materials (AY22-23).
Additional information
COMMISSIONS OF TRUST
A. Esteem:
2026 – Fellow of Durham Institute of Research, Development, and Invention.
2026 – Chair at NT-K panel at the Swedish Research Council.
2025 – 2026 Vice-chair at Centre for Net Zero High Density Buildings (CeNZHighDB)
2024 – Member of EPSRC Peer Review College.
2024 – Member of the International Society of Optics and Photonics (SPIE).
2023 – Member of the Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineering (MIEEE).
2024 – 2025 Vice-Chair at NT-K panel at the Swedish Research Council.
2023 – 2024 Reviewer at NT-K panel at the Swedish Research Council.
2021 – Advisory Group: “Promoting Photonics and Quantum Technology in Scottish Schools”.
2020 – Member of the Institute of Physics (MInstP).
2020 – 2023 Member of Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO).
2019 – Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (FHEA).
2018 – 2023 Member of Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA).
2018 – Senior Member of the society of Spanish Researchers in the United Kingdom (SRUK).
2015 – 2018 Helping Hands. Student club established funding from The Chancellor’s Fund.
2011 – 2015 Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineering IEEE (Student’11).
B. Editorship:
2026 – 2028 Guest Editor of Nanoenergy Communications
2024 – 2026 Review Editor of Frontiers in Carbon
2022 – 2024 Review Editor of Frontiers Physics – Condensed Matter Physics
2020 – 2021 Guest Editor of the Frontiers in MDPI – Sensors journal.
2019 – 2021 Guest Editor of the Frontiers in MDPI – Applied Sciences journal.
2019 – Assistant to the Editorial Board of IEEE Sensors journal.
C. Conference Chair:
2025 Tribo-Energy & Sensing 2026 conference, Stockholm, Sweden (Scientific Committee).
2021 Spanish Conference on Electron Devices (CDE) Conference, Sevilla, Spain.
2017 IEEE Sensors Conference, Glasgow, UK (2017).
D. Refereeing Activities:
- External PhD Viva Examiner (7): (1) Mark Fletcher at University of Glasgow; (2) Sergio Catalan at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; (3) Fabiane Fantinelli Franco at University of Glasgow; (4) Isidoro Ruiz Garcia at Universidad de Granada; (5) Richard Gibson at University of Strathclyde; (6) Daniel Carrasco at Universidad Complutense de Madrid; (7) TBC at Cardiff University
- Internal PhD Viva Examiner (5): (1) Alain Loh at UWS; (2) David Vine at UWS; (3) Ahmed Elhady at UWS; (4) Aamir Ghouri at UWS; (5) Shashank Mishra at UofG
- PhD Viva Convener (3): (1) Yu Chen at UofG; (2) Zhao Wang at UofG; (3) TBC at UofG
- Reviewer for scientific journals (2010-present) https://publons.com/researcher/1546175/carlos-garcia-nunez/
E. Institutional Administrative Responsibilities:
2023 – MSc project coordinator for EEE programme at University of Glasgow (200 students).
2019 – 2023 Erasmus coordinator: Division of Physical Sciences at University of the West of Scotland.
INVITED INSTITUTIONAL PRESENTATIONS
2024 EMRS Society, Warsaw (Poland) - 2024 Fall Meeting. (300 attendees)
2023 Workshop “Techn. Perspective from Materials to Circuits” IIUI (Pakistan) (250 attendees).
2022 Grant Accelerator Programme. Yellow Pathway: “Developing your proposal” (UK).
2021 Workshop “Int. Energy Systems: Battery & Beyond” IIUI (Pakistan) (280 attendees).
2020 Pain Workshops at Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid (Spain) (120 attendees).
2020 Virtual Workshop 1D Nano APP, Unicamp and IFGW (Brazil) (90 attendees).
2019 Pain Conference, Zaragoza (Spain).
2017 Graphene Innovation Entrepreneurship Summit, Wuxi (China).
PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND OUTREACH
I convey the importance of my research to the broader audience, similar to my previous public engagement activities: Live demo at IEEE Sensors Vancouver, Canada (2025); Live demo at Glasgow & Edinburgh Science Festivals (2025); Live demo at SRPe Conference (2022); Live demo at 7th technology Summit and Annual Conference CENSIS (2022); “Meet the Expert” at Exhibition Centre, Glasgow UK (2017); Invited speaker at Pint of Science, Glasgow UK (2017); Live demo at IEEE Sensors, Glasgow UK (2017); Hosted Nuffield foundation high school students (2016); Participating European Researchers’ Night (Explorathon) at Glasgow Science Centre, Glasgow UK (2016); Live demo at TEDxGlasgow, Glasgow UK (2016). I played a key role in mentoring three of my PhD students to found a new Photonics & Quantum Student Club, funded by the Chancellor’s Fund (2025), developing experimental kits to communicate advanced concepts in high schools across Scotland.
