Dr Chong Li

Lecturer (Electronic & Nanoscale Engineering)

telephone: +44 141 330 4626
email: Chong.Li@glasgow.ac.uk

Research interests

Biography

Dr. Chong Li received a BEng degree in Telecommunications Engineering from Donghua University (Shanghai, China) in 2002, an MSc degree (Distinction) in Communications Engineering from the University of Manchester in 2007, and a PhD degree in Electronics and Electrical Engineering from the University of Glasgow in 2011. His PhD involved developing monolithic millimetre-wave signal sources and integrated circuits. He subsequently became a Postdoctoral Research Assistant and later a Postdoctoral Research Associate at the University of Glasgow, working on development of terahertz imaging systems. Dr. Li joined National Physical Laboratory in January 2014 as a Higher Research Scientist. Since then he had contributed to and led several commercial projects and UK national and European research projects. He was the measurement service provider (MSP) for Ultrafast Waveform Metrology service at NPL. He also led work on microwave and millimetre-wave on-wafer measurements. He holds a visiting position at the Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey since January 2017. Dr. Li is an Associate Editor for Royal Society Open Science and a senior member of IEEE. He has served as a member of TPC for several conferences. Dr Li won the best paper at the LAPC 2015.

Research Interests

I am leading the Microwave and THz Electronics (MaTE) Group and interested in developing novel microwave, mmWave and THz components, devices and circuits; integrated nano-vacuum electronics; emerging materials and technologies for wireless sensing, imaging, power transfer and communications; metrology for antennas and propagation; metrology for on-wafer measurements.

Summer students, final year/MSc project students, self-funded/government-funded PhD students are welcome to my group! Please contact me if you have any brilliant ideas about any of the above listed topic (s) or something else!

Equipment and Facilities

We have the state-of-art equipment and facilities for fabrication and characterisation of RF, microwave, mmWave and THz devices and systems. Information about micro-/nano-fabrication can be found on the JWNC website. Here below list some of the equipment for measurements from RF to THz:

1 GHz-16 GHz anechoic chamber for near-field antenna characteriations

10 MHz-110 GHz semi-automated on-wafer VNA system

140 GHz-220 GHz and 220 GHz-325 GHz on-wafer and waveguide VNA systems

750 GHz-1.1 THz VNA system with Swissto12's material characterisation kit (MCK)

Semiconductor device analyser for DC & Pulsed IV/CV measurement

Spectrum analyer and power meter for up to 325 GHz

Research Topics (PhD projects)

Compact monolithic millimetre-wave and terahertz integrated circuits （ funded）

Millimetre-wave and terahertz (MWT) technology has achieved significant progress in many areas including communications, radars, imaging, microscopy and so on in the past decade. From electronics point of view, the advancement of nanofabrication technology has enabled MWT integrated circuits to operate at their limits, especially for transistors. It is well-known that the higher the frequency that the components operate at, the smaller the size they become. However, no matter how high frequency even at THz, passive components e.g. switches, filters, antennas and matching circuits etc. still take up majority space on the chip. This is because most of them are realised using distributed elements i.e. transmission lines which leads to higher cost. In addition, the distributed elements tend to cause higher loss at higher frequencies. In this project, we aim to develop highly compact and efficient 3D monolithic integrated MWT circuits operating at 300 GHz and above. By exploring both novel design methodologies for passive components and active devices and advanced fabrication processes, miniaturised 3D MMT ICs based on GaAs will be developed using the world leading facilities of the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre (http://www.jwnc.gla.ac.uk/) and tested with the-state-of-the-art instruments of the Microwave Laboratories at the University of Glasgow. The candidate student will be able to develop cutting edge skills including micro/nano fabrication, numerical electromagnetic simulation, advanced circuit design and precise measurement throughout the project.

The successful candidate will have a MSc, 1st class or 2:1 (or equivalent) in Electronic Engineering or similar degree. The candidate will have the ability to work under minimal supervision, but also as part of a team.

It would be advantageous to have experience of numerical simulation, microwave circuit design, micro/nano-fabrication, antenna design and test. A knowledge of semiconductor device physics, microwave engineering, and test equipment would be desirable

Funding Notes

The Scholarship includes a three year stipend at a standard rate (currently £14,553 per annum) and, in addition, fees at the UK/EU rate. Since the scholarship only covers fees at the UK/EU rate any overseas applicants are kindly requested to state in their application how they propose to cover the difference between UK/EU and overseas fees (for more details visit: View Website)

Nano-vaccum electronics for mmWave and THz applications

(pleae contact me for further information)

Graphene-based tunable electronic and optical devices

(pleae contact me for further information)

Development of mm-wave imaging systems

(pleae contact me for further information)

Development of wireless charging technology for in-body medical and diagnostic devices

The clinical usage of active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) such as pacemakers, defibrillators, neuro stimulators, glucose monitors and so on has risen sharply over the past decades. On one side patients benefit of improving their quality of life or even extending their lives; however on the other side they are suffering from surgical replacement of those devices when the built-in batteries run out. Many companies have been trying to improve this by minimising power consumption or increasing battery capacity however the effect of these approaches is very limited. More recently, pill-like diagnostic medical devices have attracted extensive attention in research and practical applications. It is expected that this type of devices would replace the conventional endoscopy. However the implementation of such devices could be also limited by their sizes due to the size of battery. One solution for both cases is to implement wireless charging technology to charge batteries of AIMDs and diagnostic medical devices.

In this project, the successful candidate will be expected to develop innovative low-cost and power-efficient wireless charging technology for charging AIMDs and in-body diagnostic devices. The student will need to explore both ultrasound and electromagnetic means to achieve this. This challenging project will require student to carry out research into from component design to system integration. Prior experience in circuit design, RF and microwave engineering and ultrasound is highly desirable. This is an interdisciplinary project which will provide the student opportunity to work with clinical doctors and industrial engineers.

Metrology for on-wafer S-parameter measurements

On-wafer measurements at microwave and millimetre-wave frequencies are challenging due to various reasons such as generation of higher-order modes when probes contacting measurement pads, crosstalks or signal leakages between probes and neighbouring circuits, and change of testing environments and so on. We are interested in developing new calibration algorithms and designing calibration standards to improve the accuracy of system calibrations and device measurements.

Collaborators: NPL and HSRI

Funding opportunities

Glasgow University provides a wide range of funding opportunities for PhD studies. Here below list some funding opportunities. For general information, please go to http://www.gla.ac.uk/scholarships/

Carnegie Caledonian PhD Scholarship

http://www.gla.ac.uk/scholarships/carnegiecaledonianphdscholarship/

Nominations are sought from prospective PhD supervisors only for the Carnegie/Caledonian PhD Scholarships 2017-18. The Carnegie Trust is funding 15 PhD scholarships across all universities within Scotland. The University of Glasgow has been allocated 7 nominations (out of 60 allowed in total across all Scottish HEIs).

Clark (MileEnd) Bursary Fund

http://www.gla.ac.uk/scholarships/clarkmileendbursaryfund/

The Clark (Mile-End) Bursary Fund is a charitable endowment which was established in 1868 by a Victorian philanthropist by the name of John Clark. He was a thread manufacturer and prominent citizen from Paisley. The fund is now governed by Rules laid down in a 1974 Scheme (as varied with the consent of the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator in 2013).

Graham Trust Bursary Scheme

http://www.gla.ac.uk/scholarships/grahamtrustbursaryscheme/

The Graham Trust was established by Charter from the City of Glasgow in 1759 with the original aim of “….distribution to persons of the name of Graham or descendants of persons of that name such sums as they shall just requisite and to put poor boys of the name or descendants of such persons of the name, to schools and trades, in order to enable them to gain a livelihood and to be useful members of society.” The Trust is administered by Foundation Scotland .

Lord Kelvin PhD Scholarships

http://www.gla.ac.uk/scholarships/lordkelvinphdscholarships/

The Lord Kelvin Adam Smith (LKAS) PhD Scholarships are the University of Glasgow’s flagship interdisciplinary scholarships. To date 100 fully funded interdisciplinary PhD projects have been created.

The LKAS PhD Scholarships offer the opportunity for outstanding research students to participate in some of the most exciting areas of interdisciplinary research carried out at the University. During October each year researchers from across the University submit project proposals, from which 6 from each of the 4 Colleges (24 in total) are selected to be advertised to potential doctoral students. Of these, 10 scholarships are generally awarded, based on the excellence of both the project and the selected candidate

Scotland's Saltire Scholarships

http://www.gla.ac.uk/scholarships/scotlandssaltirescholarships/

Gain an internationally recognised qualification and take your career to new heights. This exciting scholarship opportunity is open to Canadian, Chinese, Indian and US nationals and is aimed at encouraging bright, talented and hardworking individuals to live, work and study in Scotland.

The China Scholarship Council

http://www.gla.ac.uk/scholarships/thechinascholarshipcouncil/

This scheme provides academically excellent Chinese students with the opportunity to study for a PhD at the University of Glasgow. The scholarships are supported jointly by the China Scholarship Council and the University of Glasgow

For successful applicants, the applicable College/School will provide scholarships to cover tuition fees, and the CSC will consider their application for a living allowance as prescribed from time to time by the Chinese Government (which includes Student Health cover), a return airfare from China to the UK by the most economical route, and visa application fees.

The scholarships will be awarded to citizens and permanent residents of the People's Republic of China at the time of application that are accepted for admission on a full-time basis for a postgraduate PhD degree programme at the University of Glasgow.

Candidates should not be currently working outside China at the time of application, and successful candidates must agree to return to China upon completion of their research degree at the University of Glasgow. Candidates currently studying outside China are eligible to apply if they are completing a masters course or are currently on the first year of their PhD programme (only some Colleges/Schools accept current PhD students for these scholarships so please check with the relevant graduate office)

Grants

Global Research Challenge Funds (Internal) £27.2K 2018

Supervision

Current PhD students:

Michael Farage (Year 3)

Kaivan Karami (Year 1)

Yi Yi (Year 1)

Current MEng/MSc Students:

Muhammad Taha Ansari

Current final year students

Xiaotong Guo

Jassim Alkuwari
Former PhD students

2015-2018 Haris Votsi (Surrey)

Former visiting scholars:

2016-2017: Aihua Wu, HSRI (NPL)， Chen Liu, HSRI (NPL)

Former MEng/MSc Sudents

2017-2018: Abu Inayat ，Asfand Tanwear，Kaivan Karami，Naeem Mannan，Zhivomir Arnaudov，Mohamed El Mustafa Ismail Omer

2017-2018: Anjeeshnu Das，Xiaoyi Guo，Yuyang Wang，Yi Yi，Zhenpei Zhou
Former undergraduate Students

2017-2018 Kwing Choy (Y4)

2017-2018 Yufei Zhang (Y3)， Lin Zhou (Y3)，Wenjie Zhang (Y3)，James Lee (Y3)，Owen Fitzpatrick (Y3)

Teaching

Real-time Computer Systems (Y3)

Microwave and millimeterwave circuit design (Y5, MSc, MEng)

Design Special Project Y5: A standalone renewable energy power plant for uninterrupted electricity supply

Final Year Project Y4: 1. RFID for tracking personal belonings 2. Frequency scanning antennas for remote sensing 3. characterising thin-film materials

Additional information

Projects

EMPIR PlanarCal (WP leader) 2015-2018 (NPL)

EMPIR MET5G 2015-2018 (NPL)

EMRP MORSE 2013-2016 (NPL)

DECC DGO2 2014 (NPL)

Publications

List by: Type | Date

Jump to: 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009

Number of items: 59.

2018

Li, C., Liu, C., Wu, A. and Ridler, N. (2018) A new SOLT calibration method for leaky on-wafer measurements using a 10-term error model. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 66(8), pp. 3894-3900. (doi:10.1109/TMTT.2018.2832052)

Zahid, A., Yang, K., Heidari, H. , Li, C., Imran, M. A. , Alomainy, A. and Abbasi, Q. H. (2018) Terahertz Characterisation of Living Plant Leaves for Quality of Life Assessment Applications. In: Microwave and Radar Week (MIKON-2018 and Baltic URSI Symposium-2018, Poznań, Poland, 14-17 May 2018, pp. 117-120. ISBN 9788394942137 (doi:10.23919/URSI.2018.8406770)

Clarke, R.G., Li, C. and Ridler, N.M. (2018) An Intra-laboratory Investigation of On-wafer Measurement Reproducibility at Millimeter-wave Frequencies. In: 2017 90th ARFTC Microwave Measurement Symposium (ARFTG), Boulder, CO, USA, 28 Nov - 01 Dec 2017, ISBN 9781538643563 (doi:10.1109/ARFTG.2017.8255866)

Wu, A., Li, C., Sun, J., Wang, Y. and Liu, C. (2018) Development of a Verification Technique for On-wafer Noise Figure Measurement Systems. In: 2017 90th ARFTC Microwave Measurement Symposium (ARFTG), Boulder, CO, USA, 28 Nov - 01 Dec 2017, ISBN 9781538643563 (doi:10.1109/ARFTG.2017.8255878)

2017

Votsi, H., Li, C., Aaen, P. H. and Ridler, N. M. (2017) An active interferometric method for extreme impedance on-wafer device measurements. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 27(11), pp. 1034-1036. (doi:10.1109/LMWC.2017.2750086)

Li, C., Loh, T.-H., Tian, Z., Xu, Q. and Huang, Y. (2017) Evaluation of chamber effects on antenna efficiency measurements using non-reference antenna methods in two reverberation chambers. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 11(11), pp. 1536-1541. (doi:10.1049/iet-map.2015.0838)

Ridler, N. and Li, C. (2017) Benchmarking Electrical Loss in Rectangular Metallic Waveguide at Submillimeter Wavelengths. In: 2017 10th UK-Europe-China Workshop on Milimetre Waves and Terahertz Technologies (UCMMT), Liverpool, UK, 11-13 Sep 2017, ISBN 9781538627204 (doi:10.1109/UCMMT.2017.8068355)

2016

Votsi, H., Roch-Jeune, I., Haddadi, K., Li, C., Dambrine, G., Aaen, P.H. and Ridler, N. (2016) Development of a Reference Wafer for On-Wafer Testing of Extreme Impedance Devices. In: 2016 88th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG), Austin, TX, USA, 08-09 Dec 2016, ISBN 9781509045150 (doi:10.1109/ARFTG.2016.7839719)

Tian, Z., Huang, Y., Zu, Q., Loh, T.-H. and Li, C. (2016) Measurement of Absorption Cross Section of a Lossy Object in Reverberation Chamber Without the Need for Calibration. In: 2016 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), Loughborough, UK, 14-15 Nov 2016, ISBN 9781509007844 (doi:10.1109/LAPC.2016.7807533)

Khalid, A. , Cumming, D., Clarke, R., Li, C. and Ridler, N. (2016) Evaluation of a VNA-based material characterization kit at frequencies from 0.75 THz to 1.1 THz. In: 2016 IEEE 9th UK-Europe-China Workshop on Millimetre Waves and Terahertz Technologies (UCMMT), Qingdao, China, 05-07 Sep 2016, pp. 31-34. ISBN 9781509022779 (doi:10.1109/UCMMT.2016.7873952)

Li, C., Loh, T.-H., Humphreys, D. A., Gui, Y., Wang, H. and Qin, F. (2016) A LTE MIMO OTA Test System Using Vector Signal Transceivers. In: European Conference on Networks and Communications 2016, Athens, Greece, 27-30 June 2016,

Loh, T.-H., Li, C., Wang, H. and Qin, F. (2016) A Software-Defined-Radio Platform for Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Over-The-Air Measurement. In: 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Davos, Switzerland, 10-15 Apr 2016, ISBN 9788890701863 (doi:10.1109/EuCAP.2016.7481104)

2015

Li, C., Loh, T.-H., Tian, Z. H., Xu, Q. and Huang, Y. (2015) A Comparison of Antenna Efficiency Measurements Performed in Two Reverberation Chambers Using Non-Reference Antenna Methods. In: 2015 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), Loughborough, UK, 02-03 Nov 2015, ISBN 9781479989430 (doi:10.1109/LAPC.2015.7366141)

Khalid, A.-u.-H. , Li, C., Lok, L. B. and Cumming, D. R.S. (2015) Oscillation detection technique by using Vector Network Analyzer. Journal of Terahertz Science and Electronic Information Technology, 13(3), pp. 382-388.

2014

Papageorgiou, V., Khalid, A. , Li, C., Steer, M. J. and Cumming, D. R.S. (2014) Integration techniques of pHEMTs and planar Gunn diodes on GaAs substrates. Solid-State Electronics, 102, pp. 87-92. (doi:10.1016/j.sse.2014.06.006)

Maricar, M. I., Glover, J., Khalid, A. , Li, C., Evans, G., Cumming, D. S.R. and Oxley, C. H. (2014) An AlGaAs/GaAs-based planar Gunn diode oscillator with a fundamental frequency operation of 120 GHz. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 56(10), pp. 2449-2451. (doi:10.1002/mop.28606)

Maricar, M. I., Khalid, A. , Glover, J., Evans, G.A., Vasileious, P., Li, C., Cumming, D. and Oxley, C.H. (2014) Extraction of second harmonic from the In0.57Ga0.47As planar Gunn diode using radial stub resonators. Solid-State Electronics, 99, pp. 38-40. (doi:10.1016/j.sse.2014.05.011)

Papageorgiou, V., Khalid, A.-u.-H. , Li, C. and Cumming, D. R.S. (2014) Co-fabrication of planar Gunn diode and HEMT on InP substrate. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 61(8), pp. 2779-2784. (doi:10.1109/TED.2014.2331368)

Khalid, A. et al. (2014) Terahertz oscillations in an In_0.53Ga_0.47As submicron planar gunn diode. Journal of Applied Physics, 115(11), p. 114502. (doi:10.1063/1.4868705)

Grant, J. , McCrindle, I.J.H., Li, C. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2014) Multispectral metamaterial absorber. Optics Letters, 39(5), pp. 1227-1230. (doi:10.1364/OL.39.001227)

Wang, J., Wang, L., Li, C., Alharbi, K., Khalid, A. and Wasige, E. (2014) W-band InP-based resonant tunnelling diode oscillator with milliwatt output power. In: 26th International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials, Montpelier, France, 11-15 May 2014, pp. 1-2. (doi:10.1109/ICIPRM.2014.6880531)

2013

Grant, J. , Escorcia Carranza, I. , Li, C., McCrindle, I. and Cumming, D. (2013) A monolithic resonant terahertz sensor element comprising a metamaterial absorber and micro-bolometer. Laser and Photonics Reviews, 7(6), pp. 1043-1048. (doi:10.1002/lpor.201300087)

Li, C., Grant, J. , Wang, J. and Cumming, D.S. (2013) A Nipkow disk integrated with Fresnel lenses for terahertz single pixel imaging. Optics Express, 21(21), pp. 24452-24459. (doi:10.1364/OE.21.024452)

Ismaeel Maricar, M. et al. (2013) Planar gunn diode characterisation and resonators elements to realise oscillator circuits. In: International Conference on Advanced Nanomaterials and Emerging Engineering Technologies (ICANMEET-2013), Chennai, India, 24-26 Jul 2013, pp. 597-601. (doi:10.1109/ICANMEET.2013.6609384)

Saha, S.C., Li, C., Ma, Y., Grant, J.P. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2013) Fabrication of multilevel silicon diffractive lens at terahertz frequency. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 3(4), pp. 479-485. (doi:10.1109/TTHZ.2013.2251929)

Wang, J., Wang, L., Li, C. and Wasige, E. (2013) 28 GHz MMIC resonant tunnelling diode oscillator of around 1mW output power. Electronics Letters, 49(13), pp. 816-818. (doi:10.1049/el.2013.1583)

Li, C., Lok, L.B., Khalid, A. , Papageorgiou, V., Grant, J. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2013) Millimeter-wave coplanar stripline power dividers. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, 5(3), pp. 205-212. (doi:10.1017/S1759078713000421)

Khalid, A. , Li, C., Dunn, G.M. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2013) Multi-channel GaAs-based planar gunn diodes. In: 40th International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors, Kobe, Japan, 19-23 May 2013,

Khalid, A.-u.-H. , Li, C., Papageorgiou, V., Pilgrim, N.J., Dunn, G.M. and Cumming, D. (2013) A 218-GHz second-harmonic multiquantum well GaAs-based planar Gunn diodes. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 55(3), pp. 686-688. (doi:10.1002/mop.27393)

Khalid, A. et al. (2013) In_0.53Ga_0.47As planar Gunn diodes operating at a fundamental frequency of 164 GHz. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 34(1), pp. 39-41. (doi:10.1109/LED.2012.2224841)

Li, C., Lok, L.B., Khalid, A. , Papageorgiou, V., Grant, J. and Cumming, D. (2013) A coplanar ring power divider with high isolation for V-band and W-band applications. In: 42nd European Microwave Conference (EuMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 29 Oct- 01 Nov 2012. IEEE: New York, NY, USA, pp. 57-60. ISBN 9781467322157

Papageorgiou, V., Khalid, A. , Li, C., Dunn, G. M. and Cumming, D. R. S. (2013) The development of planar Gunn diodes for the realisation of MMIC oscillators. In: IET 1st Annual Active and Passive RF Devices Seminar, Glasgow, UK, 29 Oct. 2013, pp. 55-58. (doi:10.1049/ic.2013.0248)

Papageorgiou, V., Khalid, A. , Steer, M. J., Li, C. and Cumming, D. R. S. (2013) Monolithic Implementation of a Planar Gunn Diode and a pHEMT. In: HETECH 2013: 22nd European Workshop on Heterostructure Technology, Glasgow, UK, 9-11 Sept. 2013, (Unpublished)

Papageorgiou, V., Khalid, A. , Steer, M. J., Li, C. and Cumming, D. R. S. (2013) Monolithic fabrication of a planar Gunn diode and a pHEMT side-by-side. In: ESSDERC/ESSCIRC 2013: 2013 European Solid-State Device Research and 2013 European Solid-State Circuits Conference, Bucharest, Romania, 16-20 Sept. 2013, pp. 111-114. (doi:10.1109/ESSDERC.2013.6818831)

Papageorgiou, V., Khalid, A.H. , Li, C. and Cumming, D. (2013) Simulation and fabrication of InGaAs planar Gunn diode on InP substrate. In: 2013 International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials (IPRM), Kobe, Japan, 19-23 May 2013,

Wang, J., Wang, L., Li, C., Cumming, D. and Wasige, E. (2013) Novel resonant tunnelling diode oscillator with high output power. In: UK Semiconductors 2013, Sheffield, UK, 3 - 4 Jul 2013,

2012

Li, C., Khalid, A. , Papageorgiou, V., Lok, L.B. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2012) A wideband CPW ring power combiner with low insertion loss and high port isolation. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 22(11), pp. 580-582. (doi:10.1109/LMWC.2012.2224854)

Khalid, A. , Li, C., Grant, J. , Saha, S., Ferguson, S. and Cumming, D. (2012) Simple e-beam air-bridge technology for mm-wave applications. Microelectronic Engineering, 98, pp. 262-265. (doi:10.1016/j.mee.2012.06.006)

Montes, M., Dunn, G., Stephen, A., Khalid, A. , Li, C., Cumming, D., Oxley, C.H., Hopper, R.H. and Kuball, M. (2012) Reduction of impact ionization in GaAs-based planar gunn diodes by anode contact design. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 59(3), pp. 654-660. (doi:10.1109/TED.2011.2177094)

2011

Li, C., Khalid, A. , Caldwell, S.H.P., Holland, M., Dunn, G.M., Thayne, I.G. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2011) Design, fabrication and characterization of In_0.23Ga_0.77As-channel planar Gunn diodes for millimeter wave applications. Solid-State Electronics, 64(1), pp. 67-72. (doi:10.1016/j.sse.2011.07.008)

Li, C., Lok, L.B., Khalid, A. , Thayne, I.G. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2011) Investigation of loading effect on power performance for Planar Gunn diodes using load-pull measurement technique. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 21(10), pp. 556-558. (doi:10.1109/LMWC.2011.2163496)

Hou, L., Haji, M., Li, C., Qiu, B.C. and Bryce, A.C. (2011) 80-GHz AlGaInAs/InP 1.55 mu m colliding-pulse mode-locked laser with low divergence angle and timing jitter. Laser Physics Letters, 8(7), pp. 535-540. (doi:10.1002/lapl.201110029)

Li, C., Khalid, A. , Caldwell, S.H.P., Pilgrim, N.J., Holland, M.C., Dunn, G.M. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2011) Enhancement of power and frequency in Planar Gunn diodes by introducing extra delta-doping layers. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 53(7), pp. 1624-1626. (doi:10.1002/mop.26071)

Li, C., Khalid, A. , Lok, L.B. and Cumming, D. (2011) Novel on-wafer measurement technique for passive multiport devices in millimeter wave frequency range. In: 9th Millimeter-Wave User Group Meeting, Glasgow, UK, 31 March 2011, (Unpublished)

Khalid, A. , Li, C., Holland, M.C., Gunn, D.M. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2011) Novel composite contact design and fabrication for planar Gunn devices for millimeter-wave and terahertz frequencies. Physica Status Solidi C, 8(2), pp. 316-318. (doi:10.1002/pssc.201000529)

Pilgrim, N.J., Khalid, A. , Li, C., Dunn, G.M. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2011) Contact shaping in planar Gunn diodes. Physica Status Solidi C, 8(2), pp. 313-315. (doi:10.1002/pssc.201000539)

Hou, L., Haji, M., Li, C., Akbar, J., Marsh, J.H. and Bryce, A.C. (2011) 80-GHz AlGaInAs/InP 1.55 mu m colliding-pulse mode-locked laser with low divergence angle and timing jitter. In: Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference, Munich, Germany, 22-26 May 2011, (doi:10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942606)

Khalid, A. , Li, C., Grant, J. , Saha, S., Ferguson, S. and Cumming, D. (2011) A simple air bridge technology for mm-wave applications. In: 37th International Conference on Micro and Nano Engineering: MNE 2011, Berlin, 19 - 23 September 2011,

Li, C., Lok, L.B., Khalid, A. and Cumming, D. (2011) A broadband circular combiner/divider for planar Gunn oscillators. In: 2nd Annual Passive RF and Microwave Components Seminar. The Institution of Engineering and Technology, pp. 15-20. ISBN 9781849193221 (doi:10.1049/ic.2011.0196)

Li, C., Lok, L.B., Khalid, A. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2011) Coplanar ring divider with wideband high isolation performance. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters, 25, pp. 1-10.

2010

Khalid, A. , Li, C. and Cumming, D. (2010) Vertical scaling of multi-stack Planar Gunn diodes. 2010 International Semiconductor Conference (CAS), 2, pp. 427-430. (doi:10.1109/SMICND.2010.5650562)

Li, C., Khalid, A. , Lok, L. and Cumming, D. (2010) Low power signal detection in emerging transferred electron devices using vector network analyser above 100 GHz. In: 8th NPL Millimeter-wave Users's Group Meeting, London, UK, 1 Oct 2010,

Li, C., Khalid, A. , Lok, L.B., Holland, M. and Cumming, D. (2010) Millimeter-wave planar Gunn diodes. In: UK Semiconductors 2010, Sheffield, UK, 7-8 Jul 2010, (Unpublished)

Khalid, A. , Li, C., Pilgrim, N. J., Holland, M. C., Dunn, G. M. and Cumming, D. R. S. (2010) Novel Composite Contact Design and Fabrication for Planar Gunn Devices for Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Frequencies. In: ISCS 2010: 37th International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors, Kagawa, Japan, 31 May - 4 June 2010,

Li, C., Khalid, A. , Lok, L.B., Pilgrim, N.J., Holland, M., Dunn, G.M. and Cumming, D. (2010) An In0.23Ga0.77As-based pHEMT-like Planar Gunn Diode Operating at 116 GHz. In: 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, Rome, Italy, 5 - 10 September 2010,

Li, C., Khalid, A. , Paluchowski Caldwell, S. H., Pilgrim, N. J., Holland, M. C., Dunn, G. M. and Cumming, D. R. S. (2010) Enhancement of Power and Frequency in HEMT-Like Planar Gunn Diodes by Introducing Extra Delta-Doping Layers. In: ISCS 2010: 37th International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors, Kagawa, Japan, 31 May - 4 June 2010,

Lok, L.B., Li, C., Khalid, A. , Pilgrim, N.J., Dunn, G.M. and Cumming, D. (2010) Demonstration of the Self-Mixing Effect with a Planar Gunn Diode at Millimeter-Wave Frequency. In: 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, Rome, Italy, 5 -10 September 2010,

2009

Khalid, A. , Li, C., Dunn, G., Pilgrim, N. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2009) Observation of multiple domains in a planar Gunn diode. In: EuMC 2009: European Microwave Conference: 28 September - 2 October 2009, Rome, Italy. IEEE Computer Society: Piscataway, N.J., USA, pp. 298-300. ISBN 9781424447497

Li, C., Khalid, A. , Pilgrim, N., Holland, M.C., Dunn, G. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2009) Novel planar Gunn diode operating in fundamental mode up to 158 GHz. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 193(1), 012029. (doi:10.1088/1742-6596/193/1/012029)