School of Engineering

Dr Chong Li

Lecturer (Electronic & Nanoscale Engineering)

telephone: +44 141 330 4626
email: Chong.Li@glasgow.ac.uk

ORCID iD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5654-0039

Research interests

Biography

I received a BEng degree in Telecommunications Engineering from Donghua University (Shanghai, China) in 2002, an MSc degree (Distinction) in Communications Engineering from the University of Manchester in 2007, and a PhD degree in Electronics and Electrical Engineering from the University of Glasgow in 2011. My PhD involved developing monolithic millimetre-wave signal sources and integrated circuits.

Following my PhD I took up a post as a Postdoctoral Research Assistant, and later a Postdoctoral Research Associate at the University of Glasgow, working on development of terahertz imaging systems. I joined the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in January 2014 as a Higher Research Scientist. Since then I have contributed to and led several commercial projects and UK national and three European research projects including PlanarCal, MET5G and MORSE. I was the measurement service provider (MSP) for Ultrafast Waveform Metrology service at the NPL and led work on microwave and millimetre-wave on-wafer measurements.

I held a visiting position at the Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey in 2017. I am a senior member of IEEE and a member of the European Microwave Association (EuMA) General Assembly (GA) representing Group 4 (United Kingdom, Ireland, Gibraltar, Malta). I am also an Associate Editor for Royal Society Open Science. I've served as a member of the technical programme committee for several conferences. In 2015 I won the best paper at Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference (LAPC).

Research Interests

I am leading the Microwave and THz Electronics (MaTE) Group and interested in:

developing novel microwave, mmWave and THz components, devices and circuits;
emerging materials and technologies for wireless sensing, imaging, power transfer and communications;
metrology for antennas and propagation; and
metrology for on-wafer measurements.

Summer students, final year/MSc project students, self-funded/government-funded PhD students are welcome to my group. Please contact me if you have any brilliant ideas about any of the above listed topic(s) or something else.

Equipment and Facilities

I am currently managing the Microwave and Terahertz Laboraotry which is equiped with the state-of-art instruments for characterisation of RF, microwave, mmWave and THz devices and systems. Information about micro-/nano-fabrication can be found on the JWNC website. Here below list some of the equipment for measurements from RF to THz:

1 GHz-16 GHz anechoic chamber for near-field antenna characteriations
10 MHz-110 GHz semi-automated on-wafer VNA system
140 GHz-220 GHz and 220 GHz-325 GHz on-wafer and waveguide VNA systems
750 GHz-1.1 THz VNA system with Swissto12's material characterisation kit (MCK)
Semiconductor device analyser for DC & Pulsed IV/CV measurement
Spectrum analyer and power meter for up to 325 GHz

PhD projects

Compact monolithic millimetre-wave and terahertz integrated circuits
Nano-vaccum electronics for mmWave and THz applications
Graphene-based tunable electronic and optical devices
Development of mm-wave imaging systems
Development of wireless charging technology for in-body medical and diagnostic devices
Metrology for on-wafer S-parameter measurements

Grants

"Feasibility studies on deploying a self-contained solar-hydraulic pilot power plant in a rural area in Bangladesh," Global Challenges Research Fund, £27.2K, 2018, PI

"Millimetre-wave on-wafer power and S-parameter measurements," Arralis Ltd, 2018-2019, £10k, PI

Supervision

Current PhD students:

Michael Farage (Y3) "Reflectarray atnennas for remote mm-wave sensing"

Kaivan Karami (Y1) "Compact terahertz integrated circuits"

Yi Yi (Y1) "Graphene-based terahertz tunable modulators"

Current MEng/MSc Students:

Muhammad Taha Ansari "RFID for tracking personal belongs"

Current final year students

Xiaotong Guo "Design of reflectarray atennas using analytical methods"

Jassim Alkuwari "Characterising thin-film materials at microwave frequencies"

Current UG project students

Yihan Wang, Ruoye Wang, Di Zhang "Wireless energy harversting"

Zimo Zhao "Development of mmWave imaging system"
Former PhD students

2015-2018 Haris Votsi (Surrey)

Former visiting scholars:

2016-2017: Aihua Wu, HSRI (NPL)， Chen Liu, HSRI (NPL)

Former MEng/MSc Sudents

2017-2018: Abu Inayat ，Asfand Tanwear，Kaivan Karami，Naeem Mannan，Zhivomir Arnaudov，Mohamed El Mustafa Ismail Omer

2017-2018: Anjeeshnu Das，Xiaoyi Guo，Yuyang Wang，Yi Yi，Zhenpei Zhou
Former undergraduate Students

2017-2018 Kwing Choy (FYP)

Teaching

Real-time Computer Systems (Y3)

Microwave and millimeterwave circuit design (Y5, MSc, MEng)

Design Special Project Y5:

"Development of sensor platform for underwater applications" 2018-2019

"A standalone renewable energy power plant for uninterrupted electricity supply" 2017-2018

Final Year Project Y4:

1. RFID for tracking personal belonings

2. Frequency scanning antennas for remote sensing

3. characterising thin-film materials

Additional information

Previous Projects

EMPIR PlanarCal (€1.8M) 2015-2018

EMPIR MET5G (€1.6M) 2015-2018

EMRP MORSE (€2.4M) 2013-2016

DECC DGO2 (£0.9M) 2014

Publications

List by: Type | Date

Jump to: 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009

Number of items: 61.

2019

Ridler, N. M., Clarke, R. G., Li, C. and Salter, M. J. (2019) Strategies for traceable submillimeter-wave vector network analyzer measurements. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, (Accepted for Publication)

Li, C. , Tang, Y. K., Saha, S., Bin Ali, M. T. and Basith, M. A. (2019) Current Status of Solar Home Systems in Bangladesh. 7th European Conference on Renewable Energy Systems, Madrid, Spain, 10-12 June 2019. (Accepted for Publication)

2018

Li, C. , Liu, C., Wu, A. and Ridler, N. (2018) A new SOLT calibration method for leaky on-wafer measurements using a 10-term error model. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 66(8), pp. 3894-3900. (doi:10.1109/TMTT.2018.2832052)

Zahid, A., Yang, K., Heidari, H. , Li, C. , Imran, M. A. , Alomainy, A. and Abbasi, Q. H. (2018) Terahertz Characterisation of Living Plant Leaves for Quality of Life Assessment Applications. In: Microwave and Radar Week (MIKON-2018 and Baltic URSI Symposium-2018, Poznań, Poland, 14-17 May 2018, pp. 117-120. ISBN 9788394942137 (doi:10.23919/URSI.2018.8406770)

Clarke, R.G., Li, C. and Ridler, N.M. (2018) An Intra-laboratory Investigation of On-wafer Measurement Reproducibility at Millimeter-wave Frequencies. In: 2017 90th ARFTC Microwave Measurement Symposium (ARFTG), Boulder, CO, USA, 28 Nov - 01 Dec 2017, ISBN 9781538643563 (doi:10.1109/ARFTG.2017.8255866)

Wu, A., Li, C. , Sun, J., Wang, Y. and Liu, C. (2018) Development of a Verification Technique for On-wafer Noise Figure Measurement Systems. In: 2017 90th ARFTC Microwave Measurement Symposium (ARFTG), Boulder, CO, USA, 28 Nov - 01 Dec 2017, ISBN 9781538643563 (doi:10.1109/ARFTG.2017.8255878)

2017

Votsi, H., Li, C. , Aaen, P. H. and Ridler, N. M. (2017) An active interferometric method for extreme impedance on-wafer device measurements. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 27(11), pp. 1034-1036. (doi:10.1109/LMWC.2017.2750086)

Li, C. , Loh, T.-H., Tian, Z., Xu, Q. and Huang, Y. (2017) Evaluation of chamber effects on antenna efficiency measurements using non-reference antenna methods in two reverberation chambers. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 11(11), pp. 1536-1541. (doi:10.1049/iet-map.2015.0838)

Ridler, N. and Li, C. (2017) Benchmarking Electrical Loss in Rectangular Metallic Waveguide at Submillimeter Wavelengths. In: 2017 10th UK-Europe-China Workshop on Milimetre Waves and Terahertz Technologies (UCMMT), Liverpool, UK, 11-13 Sep 2017, ISBN 9781538627204 (doi:10.1109/UCMMT.2017.8068355)

2016

Votsi, H., Roch-Jeune, I., Haddadi, K., Li, C. , Dambrine, G., Aaen, P.H. and Ridler, N. (2016) Development of a Reference Wafer for On-Wafer Testing of Extreme Impedance Devices. In: 2016 88th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG), Austin, TX, USA, 08-09 Dec 2016, ISBN 9781509045150 (doi:10.1109/ARFTG.2016.7839719)

Tian, Z., Huang, Y., Zu, Q., Loh, T.-H. and Li, C. (2016) Measurement of Absorption Cross Section of a Lossy Object in Reverberation Chamber Without the Need for Calibration. In: 2016 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), Loughborough, UK, 14-15 Nov 2016, ISBN 9781509007844 (doi:10.1109/LAPC.2016.7807533)

Khalid, A. , Cumming, D., Clarke, R., Li, C. and Ridler, N. (2016) Evaluation of a VNA-based material characterization kit at frequencies from 0.75 THz to 1.1 THz. In: 2016 IEEE 9th UK-Europe-China Workshop on Millimetre Waves and Terahertz Technologies (UCMMT), Qingdao, China, 05-07 Sep 2016, pp. 31-34. ISBN 9781509022779 (doi:10.1109/UCMMT.2016.7873952)

Li, C. , Loh, T.-H., Humphreys, D. A., Gui, Y., Wang, H. and Qin, F. (2016) A LTE MIMO OTA Test System Using Vector Signal Transceivers. In: European Conference on Networks and Communications 2016, Athens, Greece, 27-30 June 2016,

Loh, T.-H., Li, C. , Wang, H. and Qin, F. (2016) A Software-Defined-Radio Platform for Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Over-The-Air Measurement. In: 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Davos, Switzerland, 10-15 Apr 2016, ISBN 9788890701863 (doi:10.1109/EuCAP.2016.7481104)

2015

Li, C. , Loh, T.-H., Tian, Z. H., Xu, Q. and Huang, Y. (2015) A Comparison of Antenna Efficiency Measurements Performed in Two Reverberation Chambers Using Non-Reference Antenna Methods. In: 2015 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), Loughborough, UK, 02-03 Nov 2015, ISBN 9781479989430 (doi:10.1109/LAPC.2015.7366141)

Khalid, A.-u.-H. , Li, C. , Lok, L. B. and Cumming, D. R.S. (2015) Oscillation detection technique by using Vector Network Analyzer. Journal of Terahertz Science and Electronic Information Technology, 13(3), pp. 382-388.

2014

Papageorgiou, V., Khalid, A. , Li, C. , Steer, M. J. and Cumming, D. R.S. (2014) Integration techniques of pHEMTs and planar Gunn diodes on GaAs substrates. Solid-State Electronics, 102, pp. 87-92. (doi:10.1016/j.sse.2014.06.006)

Maricar, M. I., Glover, J., Khalid, A. , Li, C. , Evans, G., Cumming, D. S.R. and Oxley, C. H. (2014) An AlGaAs/GaAs-based planar Gunn diode oscillator with a fundamental frequency operation of 120 GHz. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 56(10), pp. 2449-2451. (doi:10.1002/mop.28606)

Maricar, M. I., Khalid, A. , Glover, J., Evans, G.A., Vasileious, P., Li, C. , Cumming, D. and Oxley, C.H. (2014) Extraction of second harmonic from the In0.57Ga0.47As planar Gunn diode using radial stub resonators. Solid-State Electronics, 99, pp. 38-40. (doi:10.1016/j.sse.2014.05.011)

Papageorgiou, V., Khalid, A.-u.-H. , Li, C. and Cumming, D. R.S. (2014) Co-fabrication of planar Gunn diode and HEMT on InP substrate. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 61(8), pp. 2779-2784. (doi:10.1109/TED.2014.2331368)

Khalid, A. et al. (2014) Terahertz oscillations in an In_0.53Ga_0.47As submicron planar gunn diode. Journal of Applied Physics, 115(11), p. 114502. (doi:10.1063/1.4868705)

Grant, J. , McCrindle, I.J.H., Li, C. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2014) Multispectral metamaterial absorber. Optics Letters, 39(5), pp. 1227-1230. (doi:10.1364/OL.39.001227)

Wang, J., Wang, L., Li, C. , Alharbi, K., Khalid, A. and Wasige, E. (2014) W-band InP-based resonant tunnelling diode oscillator with milliwatt output power. In: 26th International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials, Montpelier, France, 11-15 May 2014, pp. 1-2. (doi:10.1109/ICIPRM.2014.6880531)

2013

Grant, J. , Escorcia Carranza, I. , Li, C. , McCrindle, I. and Cumming, D. (2013) A monolithic resonant terahertz sensor element comprising a metamaterial absorber and micro-bolometer. Laser and Photonics Reviews, 7(6), pp. 1043-1048. (doi:10.1002/lpor.201300087)

Li, C. , Grant, J. , Wang, J. and Cumming, D.S. (2013) A Nipkow disk integrated with Fresnel lenses for terahertz single pixel imaging. Optics Express, 21(21), pp. 24452-24459. (doi:10.1364/OE.21.024452)

Ismaeel Maricar, M. et al. (2013) Planar gunn diode characterisation and resonators elements to realise oscillator circuits. In: International Conference on Advanced Nanomaterials and Emerging Engineering Technologies (ICANMEET-2013), Chennai, India, 24-26 Jul 2013, pp. 597-601. (doi:10.1109/ICANMEET.2013.6609384)

Saha, S.C., Li, C. , Ma, Y., Grant, J.P. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2013) Fabrication of multilevel silicon diffractive lens at terahertz frequency. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 3(4), pp. 479-485. (doi:10.1109/TTHZ.2013.2251929)

Wang, J., Wang, L., Li, C. and Wasige, E. (2013) 28 GHz MMIC resonant tunnelling diode oscillator of around 1mW output power. Electronics Letters, 49(13), pp. 816-818. (doi:10.1049/el.2013.1583)

Li, C. , Lok, L.B., Khalid, A. , Papageorgiou, V., Grant, J. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2013) Millimeter-wave coplanar stripline power dividers. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, 5(3), pp. 205-212. (doi:10.1017/S1759078713000421)

Khalid, A. , Li, C. , Dunn, G.M. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2013) Multi-channel GaAs-based planar gunn diodes. In: 40th International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors, Kobe, Japan, 19-23 May 2013,

Khalid, A.-u.-H. , Li, C. , Papageorgiou, V., Pilgrim, N.J., Dunn, G.M. and Cumming, D. (2013) A 218-GHz second-harmonic multiquantum well GaAs-based planar Gunn diodes. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 55(3), pp. 686-688. (doi:10.1002/mop.27393)

Khalid, A. et al. (2013) In_0.53Ga_0.47As planar Gunn diodes operating at a fundamental frequency of 164 GHz. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 34(1), pp. 39-41. (doi:10.1109/LED.2012.2224841)

Li, C. , Lok, L.B., Khalid, A. , Papageorgiou, V., Grant, J. and Cumming, D. (2013) A coplanar ring power divider with high isolation for V-band and W-band applications. In: 42nd European Microwave Conference (EuMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 29 Oct- 01 Nov 2012. IEEE: New York, NY, USA, pp. 57-60. ISBN 9781467322157

Papageorgiou, V., Khalid, A. , Li, C. , Dunn, G. M. and Cumming, D. R. S. (2013) The development of planar Gunn diodes for the realisation of MMIC oscillators. In: IET 1st Annual Active and Passive RF Devices Seminar, Glasgow, UK, 29 Oct. 2013, pp. 55-58. (doi:10.1049/ic.2013.0248)

Papageorgiou, V., Khalid, A. , Steer, M. J., Li, C. and Cumming, D. R. S. (2013) Monolithic Implementation of a Planar Gunn Diode and a pHEMT. In: HETECH 2013: 22nd European Workshop on Heterostructure Technology, Glasgow, UK, 9-11 Sept. 2013, (Unpublished)

Papageorgiou, V., Khalid, A. , Steer, M. J., Li, C. and Cumming, D. R. S. (2013) Monolithic fabrication of a planar Gunn diode and a pHEMT side-by-side. In: ESSDERC/ESSCIRC 2013: 2013 European Solid-State Device Research and 2013 European Solid-State Circuits Conference, Bucharest, Romania, 16-20 Sept. 2013, pp. 111-114. (doi:10.1109/ESSDERC.2013.6818831)

Papageorgiou, V., Khalid, A.H. , Li, C. and Cumming, D. (2013) Simulation and fabrication of InGaAs planar Gunn diode on InP substrate. In: 2013 International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials (IPRM), Kobe, Japan, 19-23 May 2013,

Wang, J., Wang, L., Li, C. , Cumming, D. and Wasige, E. (2013) Novel resonant tunnelling diode oscillator with high output power. In: UK Semiconductors 2013, Sheffield, UK, 3 - 4 Jul 2013,

2012

Li, C. , Khalid, A. , Papageorgiou, V., Lok, L.B. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2012) A wideband CPW ring power combiner with low insertion loss and high port isolation. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 22(11), pp. 580-582. (doi:10.1109/LMWC.2012.2224854)

Khalid, A. , Li, C. , Grant, J. , Saha, S., Ferguson, S. and Cumming, D. (2012) Simple e-beam air-bridge technology for mm-wave applications. Microelectronic Engineering, 98, pp. 262-265. (doi:10.1016/j.mee.2012.06.006)

Montes, M., Dunn, G., Stephen, A., Khalid, A. , Li, C. , Cumming, D., Oxley, C.H., Hopper, R.H. and Kuball, M. (2012) Reduction of impact ionization in GaAs-based planar gunn diodes by anode contact design. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 59(3), pp. 654-660. (doi:10.1109/TED.2011.2177094)

2011

Li, C., Khalid, A. , Caldwell, S.H.P., Holland, M., Dunn, G.M., Thayne, I.G. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2011) Design, fabrication and characterization of In_0.23Ga_0.77As-channel planar Gunn diodes for millimeter wave applications. Solid-State Electronics, 64(1), pp. 67-72. (doi:10.1016/j.sse.2011.07.008)

Li, C., Lok, L.B., Khalid, A. , Thayne, I.G. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2011) Investigation of loading effect on power performance for Planar Gunn diodes using load-pull measurement technique. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 21(10), pp. 556-558. (doi:10.1109/LMWC.2011.2163496)

Hou, L. , Haji, M., Li, C. , Qiu, B.C. and Bryce, A.C. (2011) 80-GHz AlGaInAs/InP 1.55 mu m colliding-pulse mode-locked laser with low divergence angle and timing jitter. Laser Physics Letters, 8(7), pp. 535-540. (doi:10.1002/lapl.201110029)

Li, C., Khalid, A. , Caldwell, S.H.P., Pilgrim, N.J., Holland, M.C., Dunn, G.M. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2011) Enhancement of power and frequency in Planar Gunn diodes by introducing extra delta-doping layers. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 53(7), pp. 1624-1626. (doi:10.1002/mop.26071)

Li, C. , Khalid, A. , Lok, L.B. and Cumming, D. (2011) Novel on-wafer measurement technique for passive multiport devices in millimeter wave frequency range. In: 9th Millimeter-Wave User Group Meeting, Glasgow, UK, 31 March 2011, (Unpublished)

Khalid, A. , Li, C., Holland, M.C., Gunn, D.M. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2011) Novel composite contact design and fabrication for planar Gunn devices for millimeter-wave and terahertz frequencies. Physica Status Solidi C, 8(2), pp. 316-318. (doi:10.1002/pssc.201000529)

Pilgrim, N.J., Khalid, A. , Li, C., Dunn, G.M. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2011) Contact shaping in planar Gunn diodes. Physica Status Solidi C, 8(2), pp. 313-315. (doi:10.1002/pssc.201000539)

Hou, L. , Haji, M., Li, C. , Akbar, J., Marsh, J.H. and Bryce, A.C. (2011) 80-GHz AlGaInAs/InP 1.55 mu m colliding-pulse mode-locked laser with low divergence angle and timing jitter. In: Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference, Munich, Germany, 22-26 May 2011, (doi:10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942606)

Khalid, A. , Li, C. , Grant, J. , Saha, S., Ferguson, S. and Cumming, D. (2011) A simple air bridge technology for mm-wave applications. In: 37th International Conference on Micro and Nano Engineering: MNE 2011, Berlin, 19 - 23 September 2011,

Li, C. , Lok, L.B., Khalid, A. and Cumming, D. (2011) A broadband circular combiner/divider for planar Gunn oscillators. In: 2nd Annual Passive RF and Microwave Components Seminar. The Institution of Engineering and Technology, pp. 15-20. ISBN 9781849193221 (doi:10.1049/ic.2011.0196)

Li, C., Lok, L.B., Khalid, A. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2011) Coplanar ring divider with wideband high isolation performance. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters, 25, pp. 1-10.

2010

Khalid, A. , Li, C. and Cumming, D. (2010) Vertical scaling of multi-stack Planar Gunn diodes. 2010 International Semiconductor Conference (CAS), 2, pp. 427-430. (doi:10.1109/SMICND.2010.5650562)

Li, C. , Khalid, A. , Lok, L. and Cumming, D. (2010) Low power signal detection in emerging transferred electron devices using vector network analyser above 100 GHz. In: 8th NPL Millimeter-wave Users's Group Meeting, London, UK, 1 Oct 2010,

Li, C. , Khalid, A. , Lok, L.B., Holland, M. and Cumming, D. (2010) Millimeter-wave planar Gunn diodes. In: UK Semiconductors 2010, Sheffield, UK, 7-8 Jul 2010, (Unpublished)

Khalid, A. , Li, C. , Pilgrim, N. J., Holland, M. C., Dunn, G. M. and Cumming, D. R. S. (2010) Novel Composite Contact Design and Fabrication for Planar Gunn Devices for Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Frequencies. In: ISCS 2010: 37th International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors, Kagawa, Japan, 31 May - 4 June 2010,

Li, C., Khalid, A. , Lok, L.B., Pilgrim, N.J., Holland, M., Dunn, G.M. and Cumming, D. (2010) An In0.23Ga0.77As-based pHEMT-like Planar Gunn Diode Operating at 116 GHz. In: 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, Rome, Italy, 5 - 10 September 2010,

Li, C. , Khalid, A. , Paluchowski Caldwell, S. H., Pilgrim, N. J., Holland, M. C., Dunn, G. M. and Cumming, D. R. S. (2010) Enhancement of Power and Frequency in HEMT-Like Planar Gunn Diodes by Introducing Extra Delta-Doping Layers. In: ISCS 2010: 37th International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors, Kagawa, Japan, 31 May - 4 June 2010,

Lok, L.B., Li, C., Khalid, A. , Pilgrim, N.J., Dunn, G.M. and Cumming, D. (2010) Demonstration of the Self-Mixing Effect with a Planar Gunn Diode at Millimeter-Wave Frequency. In: 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, Rome, Italy, 5 -10 September 2010,

2009

Khalid, A. , Li, C., Dunn, G., Pilgrim, N. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2009) Observation of multiple domains in a planar Gunn diode. In: EuMC 2009: European Microwave Conference: 28 September - 2 October 2009, Rome, Italy. IEEE Computer Society: Piscataway, N.J., USA, pp. 298-300. ISBN 9781424447497

Li, C., Khalid, A. , Pilgrim, N., Holland, M.C., Dunn, G. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2009) Novel planar Gunn diode operating in fundamental mode up to 158 GHz. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 193(1), 012029. (doi:10.1088/1742-6596/193/1/012029)

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