CeDAR (Centre for Developmental Adversity & Resilience)

Healthy Neurodivergence Research Group

Healthy Neurodivergence Research Group (Healthy NRG) is an interdisciplinary research group based within CeDAR in the University of Glasgow’s School of Health and Wellbeing. We bring together researchers, clinicians, practitioners and people with lived experience to develop research that helps neurodivergent people to thrive.

We define healthy neurodivergence as being able to thrive as the neurodivergent person you are, with the environments, systems, relationships and resources needed to support wellbeing, autonomy and participation. Our work therefore moves beyond a narrow focus on diagnosis or deficit. We study how individuals, families, services, schools, communities and wider systems interact to shape neurodivergent lives.

Our research spans seven connected areas:

  • recognition, identification and formulation
  • mental health, crisis and prevention
  • identity, narratives and epistemic injustice
  • education, participation and family services
  • systems, culture and implementation
  • healthy lives across the lifespan
  • models of human cognition

These themes are connected by a neuro-affirming, systems-focused approach and a commitment to ensuring lived experience shapes the questions we ask and the way research is designed.

Current activity includes research on neurodevelopmental identification and crisis pathways, school inclusion and reflective practice, family and service experiences, professional sense-making, epistemic injustice, communication and diagnostic narratives, and implementation of neuro-affirming approaches.

Healthy NRG is also developing international collaborations through the emerging ENLACE network, including partnerships with Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela.

Key projects

TANDA: Therapeutic Assessment for Neurodevelopmental Difference in Crisis
A feasibility programme exploring rapid, collaborative neurodevelopmental identification and therapeutic assessment for children and young people presenting in crisis.

Neurodiversity in Scottish Schools (NISS)
A programme of research examining neuro-affirming school culture, inclusion, belonging and the development of structured reflective practice for school staff.

Ghost Parents
Research examining the experiences of parents and carers who become central coordinators of care when formal systems fail to meet the needs of neurodivergent children and young people.

Professional sense-making in neurodevelopmental identification
Qualitative research exploring how professionals recognise, interpret and make sense of complex neurodevelopmental presentations before formal diagnosis or specialist involvement.

Epistemic injustice and neurodivergence
A programme of work examining how neurodivergent knowledge and testimony are heard, interpreted, valued and sometimes discounted within health, education and research systems.

Neurodevelopmental communication and diagnostic narratives
Research examining how diagnostic and assessment language shapes identity, family experience and understandings of neurodivergence.

ENLACE international collaboration
An emerging Scotland–Spain collaboration connecting research, clinical practice, education, community organisations and lived experience. Initial partnerships include Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, with developing links to clinical and community partners in Spain.

Publications

Machin, J. E., Mirabito, A. M., Jefferies, J. G., Mariani, S. B., Radu, S., Luca, N., Murto, R., Hughes, M. Ü., Press, M., Zaman, R. T., Kay, M., Douglas, P., & Kleinheinz, V. S. (2026). EXPRESS: The Myth of the Average Consumer: Toward a Neuropluralist Understanding of Consumer Behavior. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 0(ja). 

Kerr, Sophie, Robertson, Ashley , Lang, Jason and Davies, Jennifer (2026) 'You feel like you failed your child': parental experiences of autism diagnostic report language. Neurodiversity, 4, pp. 1-16. (doi: 10.1177/27546330261483779)

Lang, Jason, Rutherford, Marion, Gajwani, Ruchika , Shaw, Sebastian C.K., Doherty, Mary and Minnis, Helen (2026) Support without identification: a regressive shift in neurodevelopmental care? Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 10(6), pp. 397-399. (doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(26)00037-4) (PMID:41833297)

Lang, Jason, Wood, Rebecca , Inchley, Joanna , Haughton, Dawn, Turner, Fiona , Gajwani, Ruchika , Minnis, Helen and Press, Melea (2026) More than inclusion: reimagining secondary education through neurodiversity-affirming practice. London Review of Education, 24(1), 6. (doi: 10.14324/LRE.24.1.06)

Doherty, Mary, Henderson, James, Hill, Hannah, Rabenstein, Kai, Lang, Jason, Dakin, Catherine, Grosjean, Bernadette, Wijetilleka, Sajini and Shaw, Sebastian C.K. (2026) Historical diagnostic failure, not conceptual collapse: A response to Frith. Psychological Medicine, 56, e305. (doi: 10.1017/S0033291726105996) (PMID:42806911)

Landberg, S. et al. (2026) The development of the ESSENCE Diagnostic aid (ESSENCE-D).Child and Youth Services, 47(2), pp. 273-289. (doi: 10.1080/0145935x.2025.2484238)

Thomas, Carolyn, Walker, Graham , Lang, Jason and Smith, Helen (2025) Exploring staff perspectives of working in secure care accommodation for young people: a systematic review of qualitative research. Children and Youth Services Review, 178, 108511. (doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108511)

Walker, Graham , Thomas, Carolyn, Lang, Jason and Smith, Helen (2025) Young people’s experiences of secure care: a synthesis of qualitative research. Children and Youth Services Review, 177, 108399. (doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108399)

Chadwick, Guy, Davidson, Claire , Lang, Jason, Landberg, Sara, Koepplinger, Stephen, Broadbent, Maryan, Fordham, Mike, Gillberg, Christopher and Minnis, Helen (2025)Technology matters: the ESSENCE of holistic neurodivergent identification in a digital age. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, (doi: 10.1111/camh.70011) (Early Online Publication)

Walker, Graham , Wilson, Naomi, Allely, Clare S., Thomson, Allan, Smith, Helen and Lang, Jason (2025) Identifying studies examining the validity of instruments for use as outcome measures in child and adolescent forensic mental health services: a systematic review. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34(2), pp. 519-533. 
(doi: 10.1007/s00787-024-02514-7) (PMID:39110192) (PMCID:PMC11868235)

Walker, Graham , Lang, Jason and Smith, Helen (2024) Survey on barriers to psychiatrists’ use of clozapine for young people in Scotland and suggestions for reducing these. PLoS ONE, 19(6), e0304996. 
(doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304996) (PMID:38900758) (PMCID:PMC11189218)

Lang, Jason, Wylie, Georgia, Haig, Caroline , Gillberg, Christopher and Minnis, Helen (2024)Towards system redesign: An exploratory analysis of neurodivergent traits in a childhood population referred for autism assessment. PLoS ONE, 19(1), e0296077. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296077) (PMID:38198484) (PMCID:PMC10781046)

Lang, Jason, Kerr, Daniel M., Petri-Romão, Papoula, McKee, Tracey, Smith, Helen, Wilson, Naomi, Zavrou, Marianna, Shiels, Paul and Minnis, Helen (2020) The hallmarks of childhood abuse and neglect: a systematic review. PLoS ONE, 15(12), e0243639. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243639) (PMID:33290423) (PMCID:PMC7723263)

Lang, Jason, McKie, Judith, Smith, Helen, McLaughlin, Angela, Gillberg, Christopher , Shiels, Paul G. and Minnis, Helen (2019) Adverse childhood experiences, epigenetics and telomere length variation in childhood and beyond: a systematic review of the literature. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, (doi: 10.1007/s00787-019-01329-1)(PMID:30968208) (PMCID:PMC7501093)

Staff

Dr Jason Lang
Clinical Senior Lecturer in Neurodevelopment, University of Glasgow
Honorary Consultant in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NHS Ayrshire & Arran
Healthy NRG Lead

Dr Katie Nicol
Senior Research Fellow, CeDAR, University of Glasgow
ORYGEN Australia

Dr Claire Davidson-Jamieson
Research Associate, CeDAR, University of Glasgow
Advanced Practice Speech and Language Therapist, NHS Ayrshire & Arran

Dr Karen Crawford
Deputy Centre Director, CeDAR, University of Glasgow

Dr Liana Romaniuk
Clinical Senior Research Fellow, University of Glasgow
Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, NHS Ayrshire & Arran

Dr Melea Press
Senior Lecturer, Adam Smith Business School, University of Glasgow

Ms Annalise Clelland
Research Assistant, CeDAR, University of Glasgow

Dr Naomi Wilson
Research Fellow and Higher Trainee in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Glasgow

Dr Louise Beattie
Research Fellow, University of Glasgow

Dr Seonaid Cleare
Research Fellow, Suicidal Behaviour Research Group, University of Glasgow

Dr Helen Smith
Deputy Medical Director, Consultant Forensic Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, NHS Ayrshire and Arran  Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer, University of Glasgow

Dr Graham Walker
Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Glasgow
Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, NHS Ayrshire & Arran

 

External collaborators

  • Dr Alejandro de la Torre-Luque, Universidad de Complutense, Madrid, Spain
  • Dr Paula Oviedo Outon, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
  • Dr Georgia Pavlopoulou, UCL/Anna Freud Centre