Dr Emma Li

  • Senior Lecturer (School of Computing Science)

telephone: 01413304484
email: Liying.Li@glasgow.ac.uk

S103 Lilybank Gardens,, Glasgow,, Scotland, G12 8RZ

Import to contacts

ORCID iDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-0669

Biography

Dr Emma Li is a Senior Lecturer in Responsible & Interactive Artificial Intelligence at the School of Computing Science, a supervisor of the UKRI Centre for Doctor Training in Socially Intelligent Artificial Agents (Social AI CDT), and an affiliated staff at School of Engineering. Before joining University of Glasgow, she was a senior lecturer at Northumbria University at Newcastle, UK.

She leads the Interactive and Trustworthy AI lab working on human-robot interaction and cyber security. Our research goal is to accelerate human-robot partnership into industry and society. She has successfully delivered 6 projects and published 50 peer reviewed papers. Her recent work on robot behaviour-based user authentication received a best workshop paper award in IEEE INFOCOM 2021.

Her lab has access to the state-of-the-art industrial tele-robotic arm platform (e.g., Franka Emika and UR3e/UR5e Robots) and mobile robot platform (e.g., HUSKY and Jackal unmanned ground vehicles) at University of Glasgow. She is interested in data-driven AI design and experiments in robotics systems for a variety of applications, e.g., social & health care, industry, service, etc. 

 

Service

She is a peer review college member for EPSRC. She leads the school Understandable Autonomous Systems Theme, which covers a wide range of technologies to ensure that developed autonomous systems are transparent, safe and trustworthy.

 

Google Scholar Page: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=kaDrMqwAAAAJ&hl=en

 

Research interests

Research interests:

  • HCI and Human-robot interaction for a variety of applications, e.g., social & health care, industry, service, etc. The goal is to accelerate human-robot partnership into industry and society. 
  • Privacy protection and trustworthy robotic system using behaviour biometrical information to enhance the trust between human and robots/IoT devices. 

Publications

List by: Type | Date

Jump to: 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015
Number of items: 31.

2025

Diao, Y., Zhang, Y., She, C., Zhao, P. G. and Li, E. L. (2025) Aligning Task- and Reconstruction-Oriented Communications for Edge Intelligence. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, (doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2025.3559121) (Early Online Publication)

Yu, R., Kizilkaya, B. , Meng, Z., Li, E. and Zhao, P. (2025) Robot adversarial attack on keystroke dynamics based user authentication system. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, (doi: 10.1109/LRA.2025.3550727) (Early Online Publication)

Diao, Y., Zhang, Y., De Martini, D., Zhao, P. G. and Li, E. L. (2025) Task-oriented co-design of communication, computing, and control for edge-enabled industrial cyber-physical systems. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, (Accepted for Publication)

Xu, X., Meng, Z., Li, E. , Khamis, M. , Zhao, P. G. and Bretin, R. (2025) Understanding Dynamic Human-Robot Proxemics in the Case of Four-Legged Canine-Inspired Robots. In: 2025 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Atlanta, GA, USA, 19-23 May 2025, (Accepted for Publication)

Yang, J., Meng, Z., Xu, X., Chen, K., Li, E. L. and Zhao, P. G. (2025) Task-Oriented Edge-Assisted Cooperative Data Compression, Communications and Computing for UGV-Enhanced Warehouse Logistics. In: IEEE Consumer Communications & Networking Conference, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 10–13 January 2025, (Accepted for Publication)

2024

Ghosh, B., Li, E. and Guha, T. (2024) Active Listener: Continuous Generation of Listener’s Head Motion Response in Dyadic Interactions. In: IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2025), Hyderabad, India, 6-11 April 2025, (Accepted for Publication)

Avogaro, A., Toaiari, A., Cunico, F., Xu, X., Dafas, H., Vinciarelli, A. , Li, E. and Cristani, M. (2024) Exploring 3D Human Pose Estimation and Forecasting from the Robot’s Perspective: The HARPER Dataset. In: IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2024), Abu Dhabi, UAE, 14-18 Oct 2024, (Accepted for Publication)

Dafas, H., Li, E. and Cross, E. (2024) Walking the Line: Assessing the Role of Gait in a Quadruped Robot’s Perception. In: IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2024), Pasadena, California, 26-30 Aug 2024, (Accepted for Publication)

2023

Yu, R., Kizilkaya, B. , Meng, Z., Li, E. , Zhao, G. and Imran, M. (2023) Robot Mimicry Attack on Keystroke-Dynamics User Identification and Authentication System. In: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), London, UK, 29 May - 02 Jun 2023, pp. 9879-9884. ISBN 9798350323658 (doi: 10.1109/ICRA48891.2023.10161423)

2022

Huang, L., Meng, Z., Deng, Z., Wang, C., Li, L. and Zhao, G. (2022) Toward verifying the user of motion-controlled robotic arm systems via the robot behavior. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(22), pp. 22422-22433. (doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3121623)

2021

Huang, L., Mengy, Z., Deng, Z., Wang, C., Li, E. and Zhao, G. (2021) Extracting Human Behavioral Biometrics From Robot Motions. 27th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 2021), New Orleans, USA, 31 Jan-4 Feb 2021. (Accepted for Publication)

Chang, B., Li, L. , Zhao, G. , Chen, Z. and Imran, M. A. (2021) Autonomous D2D transmission scheme in URLLC for real-time wireless control systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 69(8), pp. 5546-5558. (doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2021.3075680)

Huang, L., Meng, Z., Deng, Z., Wang, C., Li, L. and Zhao, G. (2021) Robot Behavior-Based User Authentication for Motion-Controlled Robotic Systems. In: WiSARN 2021: International Workshop on Wireless Sensor, Robot and UAV Networks, 10 May 2021, ISBN 9781665447140 (doi: 10.1109/INFOCOMWKSHPS51825.2021.9484589)

Tong, X., Meng, Z., Zhao, G. , Li, L. and Chen, Z. (2021) How to Quantify Packet Importance for Real-Time Control: A Feature-Oriented Perspective. In: 17th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS 2021), 09-11 Jun 2021, ISBN 9781665424790 (doi: 10.1109/WFCS46889.2021.9483612)

Chang, B., Kizilkaya, B. , Li, L. , Zhao, G. , Chen, Z. and Imran, M. A. (2021) Effective age of information in real-time wireless feedback control systems. Science China Information Sciences, 64(2), 120303. (doi: 10.1007/s11432-020-3090-5)

Kizilkaya, B. , Meng, Z., Zhao, G. , Li, L. and Imran, M. A. (2021) Towards 5G-Enabled Education: Remote Laboratory and Training Prototype. In: 4th UK-RAS Conference “Robotics at Home” Proceedings, 02 Jun 2021, pp. 53-54. (doi: 10.31256/Px3Rq7M)

Kizilkaya, B. , Zhao, G. , Sambo, Y. A. , Li, L. and Imran, M. A. (2021) 5G-enabled education 4.0: enabling technologies, challenges, and solutions. IEEE Access, 9, pp. 166962-166969. (doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3136361)

2020

Tong, X., Li, L. , Zhao, G. , Meng, Z., Chen, Z. and Yang, G. (2020) Packet Management for Optimizing Control Performance in Real-Time Feedback Control Systems. In: 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2020), Online Only, 19-21 Oct 2020, ISBN 9781728154152 (doi: 10.1109/IECON43393.2020.9255231)

Tong, X., Li, L. , Zhao, G. , Chang, B. and Chen, Z. (2020) Beyond Fresh Update: Packet Management for Real-Time Feedback Control. In: IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2020), 31 Aug - 03 Sep 2020, ISBN 9781728144900 (doi: 10.1109/PIMRC48278.2020.9217335)

Chang, B., Li, L. , Zhao, G. , Meng, Z., Imran, M. A. and Chen, Z. (2020) Age of Information for Actuation Update in Real-Time Wireless Control Systems. In: 3rd IEEE INFOCOM Age of Information Workshop, Toronto, ON, Canada, 06 Jul 2020, ISBN 9781728186955 (doi: 10.1109/INFOCOMWKSHPS50562.2020.9163049)

Chang, B., Zhao, G. , Zhang, L. , Imran, M. A. , Chen, Z. and Li, L. (2020) Dynamic communication QoS design for real-time wireless control systems. IEEE Sensors Journal, 10(6), pp. 3005-3015. (doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2019.2957569)

Imran, M. A. , Al Ayidh, A., Li, L. , Zhao, G. and Abbasi, Q. H. (2020) URLLC massive MIMO link operation design for wireless networked control system. In: Tafazolli, Rahim, Wang, Chin-Liang and Chatzimisios, Periklis (eds.) Wiley 5G Ref: The Essential 5G Reference Online. John Wiley & sons Ltd. ISBN 9781119471509 (In Press)

2019

Chang, B., Zhang, L. , Li, L. , Zhao, G. and Chen, Z. (2019) Optimizing resource allocation in URLLC for real-time wireless control systems. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 68(9), pp. 8916-8927. (doi: 10.1109/TVT.2019.2930153)

Chang, B., Zhao, G. , Chen, Z., Li, L. and Imran, M. A. (2019) Packet-drop design in URLLC for real-time wireless control systems. IEEE Access, 7, pp. 183081-183090. (doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2928681)

Chang, B., Zhao, G. , Chen, Z., Li, P. and Li, L. (2019) D2D Transmission Scheme in URLLC Enabled Real-Time Wireless Control Systems for Tactile Internet. In: IEEE GLOBECOM 2019, Waikoloa, HI, USA, 09-13 Dec 2019, ISBN 9781728109626 (doi: 10.1109/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9013522)

2018

Li, L. , Zhao, G. and Blum, R. S. (2018) A survey of caching techniques in cellular networks: research issues and challenges in content placement and delivery strategies. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 20(3), pp. 1710-1732. (doi: 10.1109/COMST.2018.2820021)

2017

Zhang, L., Zhao, G. , Zhou, W., Li, L. , Wu, G., Liang, Y.-C. and Li, S. (2017) Primary channel gain estimation for spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 65(10), pp. 4152-4162. (doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2017.2723885)

2016

Zhao, G. , Tong, X., Li, L. and Zhou, X. (2016) Positioning third-party receiver by exploiting the close-loop power control in wireless networks. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 5(3), pp. 268-271. (doi: 10.1109/LWC.2016.2537324)

Zhao, G. , Huang, B., Li, L. and Chen, Z. (2016) Estimate the primary-link SNR using full-duplex relay for underlay spectrum sharing. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 23(4), pp. 429-433. (doi: 10.1109/LSP.2016.2530091)

Zhao, G. , Huang, B., Li, L. and Zhou, X. (2016) Relay-assisted cross-channel gain estimation for spectrum sharing. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 64(3), pp. 973-986. (doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2016.2517160)

2015

Li, L. , Zhao, G. and Zhou, X. (2015) Enhancing small cell transmission opportunity through passive receiver detection in two-tier heterogeneous networks. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 63(13), pp. 3461-3473. (doi: 10.1109/TSP.2015.2428214)

This list was generated on Sun Apr 20 03:23:54 2025 BST.
Jump to: Articles | Book Sections | Conference or Workshop Item | Conference Proceedings
Number of items: 31.

Articles

Diao, Y., Zhang, Y., She, C., Zhao, P. G. and Li, E. L. (2025) Aligning Task- and Reconstruction-Oriented Communications for Edge Intelligence. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, (doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2025.3559121) (Early Online Publication)

Yu, R., Kizilkaya, B. , Meng, Z., Li, E. and Zhao, P. (2025) Robot adversarial attack on keystroke dynamics based user authentication system. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, (doi: 10.1109/LRA.2025.3550727) (Early Online Publication)

Diao, Y., Zhang, Y., De Martini, D., Zhao, P. G. and Li, E. L. (2025) Task-oriented co-design of communication, computing, and control for edge-enabled industrial cyber-physical systems. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, (Accepted for Publication)

Huang, L., Meng, Z., Deng, Z., Wang, C., Li, L. and Zhao, G. (2022) Toward verifying the user of motion-controlled robotic arm systems via the robot behavior. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(22), pp. 22422-22433. (doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3121623)

Chang, B., Li, L. , Zhao, G. , Chen, Z. and Imran, M. A. (2021) Autonomous D2D transmission scheme in URLLC for real-time wireless control systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 69(8), pp. 5546-5558. (doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2021.3075680)

Chang, B., Kizilkaya, B. , Li, L. , Zhao, G. , Chen, Z. and Imran, M. A. (2021) Effective age of information in real-time wireless feedback control systems. Science China Information Sciences, 64(2), 120303. (doi: 10.1007/s11432-020-3090-5)

Kizilkaya, B. , Zhao, G. , Sambo, Y. A. , Li, L. and Imran, M. A. (2021) 5G-enabled education 4.0: enabling technologies, challenges, and solutions. IEEE Access, 9, pp. 166962-166969. (doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3136361)

Chang, B., Zhao, G. , Zhang, L. , Imran, M. A. , Chen, Z. and Li, L. (2020) Dynamic communication QoS design for real-time wireless control systems. IEEE Sensors Journal, 10(6), pp. 3005-3015. (doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2019.2957569)

Chang, B., Zhang, L. , Li, L. , Zhao, G. and Chen, Z. (2019) Optimizing resource allocation in URLLC for real-time wireless control systems. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 68(9), pp. 8916-8927. (doi: 10.1109/TVT.2019.2930153)

Chang, B., Zhao, G. , Chen, Z., Li, L. and Imran, M. A. (2019) Packet-drop design in URLLC for real-time wireless control systems. IEEE Access, 7, pp. 183081-183090. (doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2928681)

Li, L. , Zhao, G. and Blum, R. S. (2018) A survey of caching techniques in cellular networks: research issues and challenges in content placement and delivery strategies. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 20(3), pp. 1710-1732. (doi: 10.1109/COMST.2018.2820021)

Zhang, L., Zhao, G. , Zhou, W., Li, L. , Wu, G., Liang, Y.-C. and Li, S. (2017) Primary channel gain estimation for spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 65(10), pp. 4152-4162. (doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2017.2723885)

Zhao, G. , Tong, X., Li, L. and Zhou, X. (2016) Positioning third-party receiver by exploiting the close-loop power control in wireless networks. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 5(3), pp. 268-271. (doi: 10.1109/LWC.2016.2537324)

Zhao, G. , Huang, B., Li, L. and Chen, Z. (2016) Estimate the primary-link SNR using full-duplex relay for underlay spectrum sharing. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 23(4), pp. 429-433. (doi: 10.1109/LSP.2016.2530091)

Zhao, G. , Huang, B., Li, L. and Zhou, X. (2016) Relay-assisted cross-channel gain estimation for spectrum sharing. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 64(3), pp. 973-986. (doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2016.2517160)

Li, L. , Zhao, G. and Zhou, X. (2015) Enhancing small cell transmission opportunity through passive receiver detection in two-tier heterogeneous networks. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 63(13), pp. 3461-3473. (doi: 10.1109/TSP.2015.2428214)

Book Sections

Imran, M. A. , Al Ayidh, A., Li, L. , Zhao, G. and Abbasi, Q. H. (2020) URLLC massive MIMO link operation design for wireless networked control system. In: Tafazolli, Rahim, Wang, Chin-Liang and Chatzimisios, Periklis (eds.) Wiley 5G Ref: The Essential 5G Reference Online. John Wiley & sons Ltd. ISBN 9781119471509 (In Press)

Conference or Workshop Item

Huang, L., Mengy, Z., Deng, Z., Wang, C., Li, E. and Zhao, G. (2021) Extracting Human Behavioral Biometrics From Robot Motions. 27th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 2021), New Orleans, USA, 31 Jan-4 Feb 2021. (Accepted for Publication)

Conference Proceedings

Xu, X., Meng, Z., Li, E. , Khamis, M. , Zhao, P. G. and Bretin, R. (2025) Understanding Dynamic Human-Robot Proxemics in the Case of Four-Legged Canine-Inspired Robots. In: 2025 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Atlanta, GA, USA, 19-23 May 2025, (Accepted for Publication)

Yang, J., Meng, Z., Xu, X., Chen, K., Li, E. L. and Zhao, P. G. (2025) Task-Oriented Edge-Assisted Cooperative Data Compression, Communications and Computing for UGV-Enhanced Warehouse Logistics. In: IEEE Consumer Communications & Networking Conference, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 10–13 January 2025, (Accepted for Publication)

Ghosh, B., Li, E. and Guha, T. (2024) Active Listener: Continuous Generation of Listener’s Head Motion Response in Dyadic Interactions. In: IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2025), Hyderabad, India, 6-11 April 2025, (Accepted for Publication)

Avogaro, A., Toaiari, A., Cunico, F., Xu, X., Dafas, H., Vinciarelli, A. , Li, E. and Cristani, M. (2024) Exploring 3D Human Pose Estimation and Forecasting from the Robot’s Perspective: The HARPER Dataset. In: IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2024), Abu Dhabi, UAE, 14-18 Oct 2024, (Accepted for Publication)

Dafas, H., Li, E. and Cross, E. (2024) Walking the Line: Assessing the Role of Gait in a Quadruped Robot’s Perception. In: IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2024), Pasadena, California, 26-30 Aug 2024, (Accepted for Publication)

Yu, R., Kizilkaya, B. , Meng, Z., Li, E. , Zhao, G. and Imran, M. (2023) Robot Mimicry Attack on Keystroke-Dynamics User Identification and Authentication System. In: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), London, UK, 29 May - 02 Jun 2023, pp. 9879-9884. ISBN 9798350323658 (doi: 10.1109/ICRA48891.2023.10161423)

Huang, L., Meng, Z., Deng, Z., Wang, C., Li, L. and Zhao, G. (2021) Robot Behavior-Based User Authentication for Motion-Controlled Robotic Systems. In: WiSARN 2021: International Workshop on Wireless Sensor, Robot and UAV Networks, 10 May 2021, ISBN 9781665447140 (doi: 10.1109/INFOCOMWKSHPS51825.2021.9484589)

Tong, X., Meng, Z., Zhao, G. , Li, L. and Chen, Z. (2021) How to Quantify Packet Importance for Real-Time Control: A Feature-Oriented Perspective. In: 17th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS 2021), 09-11 Jun 2021, ISBN 9781665424790 (doi: 10.1109/WFCS46889.2021.9483612)

Kizilkaya, B. , Meng, Z., Zhao, G. , Li, L. and Imran, M. A. (2021) Towards 5G-Enabled Education: Remote Laboratory and Training Prototype. In: 4th UK-RAS Conference “Robotics at Home” Proceedings, 02 Jun 2021, pp. 53-54. (doi: 10.31256/Px3Rq7M)

Tong, X., Li, L. , Zhao, G. , Meng, Z., Chen, Z. and Yang, G. (2020) Packet Management for Optimizing Control Performance in Real-Time Feedback Control Systems. In: 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2020), Online Only, 19-21 Oct 2020, ISBN 9781728154152 (doi: 10.1109/IECON43393.2020.9255231)

Tong, X., Li, L. , Zhao, G. , Chang, B. and Chen, Z. (2020) Beyond Fresh Update: Packet Management for Real-Time Feedback Control. In: IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2020), 31 Aug - 03 Sep 2020, ISBN 9781728144900 (doi: 10.1109/PIMRC48278.2020.9217335)

Chang, B., Li, L. , Zhao, G. , Meng, Z., Imran, M. A. and Chen, Z. (2020) Age of Information for Actuation Update in Real-Time Wireless Control Systems. In: 3rd IEEE INFOCOM Age of Information Workshop, Toronto, ON, Canada, 06 Jul 2020, ISBN 9781728186955 (doi: 10.1109/INFOCOMWKSHPS50562.2020.9163049)

Chang, B., Zhao, G. , Chen, Z., Li, P. and Li, L. (2019) D2D Transmission Scheme in URLLC Enabled Real-Time Wireless Control Systems for Tactile Internet. In: IEEE GLOBECOM 2019, Waikoloa, HI, USA, 09-13 Dec 2019, ISBN 9781728109626 (doi: 10.1109/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9013522)

This list was generated on Sun Apr 20 03:23:54 2025 BST.

Grants

 

Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Collaboration (RAICo) Programme, "Cyber-Physical Teleoperation for Nuclear Decommissioning," PI, 2024 – 2025 

University Capital Equipment Fund, PI, 2023

College Rewards for Excellence competition, PI, 2023

“Human-Autonomy-Infrastructure Teaming”, University of Glasgow Reinvigorating Research Fund, Co-I, 2021-2022

 

 

Supervision

If you're interested in the following directions and want to work with me via final year project (BEng and MSc) and PhD project, please send me an email. 

  1. HCI/Human-robot interaction for a variety of applications, e.g., social & health care, industry, service, etc. The goal is to accelerate human-robot partnership into industry and society. 
  2. Privacy protection and trustworthy robotic system using behaviour biometrical information to enhance the trust between human and robots/IoT devices. 

Here are some helpful information for your PhD application, i.e., the school PhD Projects and Funding opportunities and the recent Studentship Information.

Graduated PhD students:

  • Meng, Zhen
    Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications for Real-Time Wireless Control

Current PhD students:

  • Alfahad, Saleh Abdullah M
    Engineering Edge Computing with Predictive Intelligence
  • ALSHEMEMRY, ABDULRAHMAN KHALID A
    Developing a Cognitive Model for Quadruped Robots to Improve Human-Robot Interaction
  • Das, Susmita
    |Topic: Automated Unit Test Generation using LLMs| Our research would be focused on generating unit test cases using large language models (LLMs). We first plan to generate unit test cases from a given natural language description or code snippet by
  • Diao, Yufeng
    Task‐Oriented Communication for Edge Intelligence Enabled Connected Robotics Systems
  • Ghosh, Bishal
    Adapting Nonverbal Communication Dynamics to Human-Robot Social Interaction
  • Li, Xicheng
    Container-Based Microservice NFV
  • Mulkana, Sundas Rafat
    Robot Motion Planning in Dynamic Environment
  • Xu, Xiangmin
    Robust Machine Learning for Autonomous Systems