Professor Martin Kretschmer

Professor of Intellectual Property Law and Director of CREATe Centre (School of Law)

telephone: 0141 330 3886
email: Martin.Kretschmer@glasgow.ac.uk

CREATe, 10 The Square, Glasgow, G12 8QQ

Biography

Martin Kretschmer (LLM LSE, PhD UCL) is Professor of Intellectual Property Law and Director of CREATe (www.create.ac.uk), the Centre for Regulation of the Creative Economy. CREATe is an interdisciplinary research hub established in 2012 jointly by three UK research councils (Arts & Humanities AHRC, Engineering & Physical Sciences EPSRC, and Social & Economic Sciences ESRC), initially with a focus on copyright law. Since 2024, CREATe is funded as UK research infrastructure by the AHRC. From 2018-2023 CREATe was part of the AHRC Creative Industries Policy & Evidence Centre (led by innovation foundation Nesta). From 2020-2023, CREATe led the creative industries stream of a major EU H2020 research consortium: reCreating Europe – Copyright law, cultural diversity and the Digital Single Market.

From 2000-2012, Martin was Director of the Centre for Intellectual Property Policy & Management (CIPPM) at Bournemouth University (www.cippm.org.uk), since 2003 as Professor of Information Jurisprudence. From 1996-1999, he was an ESRC postdoctoral research fellow at Cass Business School, City University, London (ESRC Media Economics and Media Culture programme). Following undergraduate studies in Berlin and Vienna, Martin worked during the 1990s as German Consultant Editor at BBC Worldwide, and wrote for German language national newspapers, public radio and TV. Martin has advised the OECD (IP/innovation policy), major law firms (TV formats, copyright levies) and plays viola with The Salonorchester.

Martin is general editor (with Prof. Lionel Bently, Cambridge University) of www.CopyrightHistory.org, the digital archive of primary sources on copyright from 1450 to 1900. He is also chair of the editorial boards of the portals www.CopyrightUser.org and www.CopyrightEvidence.org. In 2015-2016, he served as president of the European Policy for Intellectual Property Association (EPIP). Martin was Fernand Braudel Fellow at the European University Institute in Fiesole/Florence (2018) and Weizenbaum Fellow at Humboldt University and Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (2020). In 2024/25 Martin is a visiting fellow at the London School of Economics, LSE Law School, and chair of the European Copyright Society.

CREATe webpage:
http://www.create.ac.uk/

SSRN author page:
http://ssrn.com/author=1042378

Google Scholar:
https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=sbcJOSoAAAAJ&hl=en

Research interests

Martin Kretschmer is best known for developing innovative empirical methods relating to issues in copyright and information law. He also has long standing interests in cultural economics, the theory of regulation and the history of ideas.

Within the work of the CREATe Centre, Martin has shaped an open knowledge environment, with a view to making research transparent and relevant to policy. This involves the creation of information portals, archives, resource pages, and regular policy contributions. He has led many independent reports, including for the UK Cabinet Office, the UK Intellectual Property Office, and the European Parliament.

Publications

Selected publications

Erickson, Kristofer ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-9123, Homberg, Fabian and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2024) The role of openness in creative innovation: evidence from digital crowdfunding. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 206, 123581. (doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123581)

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Margoni, Thomas ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8551-1154 and Oruc, Pinar ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1462-7846 (2024) Copyright law and the lifecycle of machine learning models. International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 55(1), pp. 110-138. (doi: 10.1007/s40319-023-01419-3)

Margoni, Thomas ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8551-1154 and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2022) A deeper look into the EU text and data mining exceptions: harmonisation, data ownership, and the future of technology. GRUR International, 71(8), pp. 685-701. (doi: 10.1093/grurint/ikac054)

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Furgał, Ula ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9975-1933 and Schlesinger, Philip ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9630 (2022) The emergence of platform regulation in the UK: an empirical-legal study. Weizenbaum Journal of the Digital Society, 2(2), w2.2.4. (doi: 10.34669/wi.wjds/2.2.4)

Favale, Marcella, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Torremans, Paul (2020) Who is steering the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice? The influence of Member State submissions on copyright law. Modern Law Review, 83(4), pp. 831-860. (doi: 10.1111/1468-2230.12527)

Heald, Paul, Erickson, Kristofer ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-9123 and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2015) The valuation of unprotected works: a case study of public domain photographs on Wikipedia. Harvard Journal of Law and Technology, 29(1), pp. 1-32.

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2011) Private Copying and Fair Compensation: An empirical study of copyright levies in Europe. Project Report. Intellectual Property Office, Newport.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Derclaye, E., Favale, M. and Watt, R. (2010) The Relationship Between Copyright and Contract Law. Project Report. Strategic Advisory Board for Intellectual Property Policy, London, UK.

All publications

List by: Type | Date

Jump to: 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1993

Number of items: 188.

2025

Kretschmer, M. et al. (2025) Copyright and AI in the UK: opting-in or opting-out? GRUR International, (Accepted for Publication)

Dusollier, Séverine, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Margoni, Thomas ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8551-1154, Mezei, Peter, Quintais, João Pedro and Rognstad, Ole-Andreas (2025) Copyright and Generative AI: Opinion. Journal of Intellectual Property, Information Technology and E-Commerce Law, 16(1), pp. 121-127.

Kretschmer, M. et al. (2025) Copyright and AI: Response by the CREATe Centre to the UK Government’s Consultation. Working Paper. CREATe (Zenodo), Zenodo. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14931963).

Ehlinger, Arthur ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-981X, Thomas, Amy, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Battisti, Michele ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-8566 and Saenz De Juano Ribes, Helena (2025) The Director's Cut: Unpacking Earnings, Contracts and Working Practices. Documentation. CREATe. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14723242).

Ehlinger, Arthur ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-981X, Thomas, Amy, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Battisti, Michele ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-8566 and Saenz De Juano Ribes, Helena (2025) UK Screen Directors: a survey of earnings and contracts. Documentation. CREATe. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14689423).

Furgal, Ula ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9975-1933 and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2025) Bargaining in the shadow of the press publishers’ right. In: Senftleben, Martin, Irion, Kristina, McGonagle, Tarlach and Poort, Joost (eds.) Cambridge Handbook on Media Law and Policy in Europe. Cambridge University Press. (Accepted for Publication)

2024

Ehlinger, Arthur ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-981X, Thomas, Amy, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Battisti, Michele ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-8566 and Saenz De Juano Ribes, Helena (2024) UK Visual Artists: A survey of earnings and contracts. Documentation. CREATe. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14062781).

Ehlinger, Arthur ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-981X, Thomas, Amy, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Battisti, Michele ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-8566 (2024) Behind the Scenes: The Realities Facing UK Audiovisual Performers. Project Report. CREATe. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.13880677).

Ehlinger, Arthur ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-981X, Thomas, Amy, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Battisti, Michele ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-8566 and Saenz De Juano Ribes, Helena (2024) UK Audiovisual Performers: A survey of earnings and contracts. Documentation. CREATe. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.13880246).

Frigeri, Matteo, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Mezei, Péter (2024) Copyright and eLending in public libraries: an incomplete revolution? Journal of Intellectual Property, Information Technology and Electronic Commerce Law, 15(2), pp. 156-179.

Furgal, Ula ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9975-1933 and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2024) Bargaining in the Shadow of the Press Publishers' Right. Working Paper. CREATe, Centre for Regulation of the Creative Economy. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10948500).

Bently, L. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2024) Primary Sources on Copyright (1450-1900). [Website]

Ehlinger, Arthur ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-981X, Thomas, Amy, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Battisti, Michele ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-8566 (2024) The Artists Earning Survey 2024: Artistic uncertainty and the pressures facing UK Visual Artists. Documentation. CREATe. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14063008).

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Erickson, Kristofer ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-9123, Thomas, Amy and Meletti, Bartolomeo (2024) Copyright Evidence Portal: Empirical Evidence for Copyright Policy. [Website]

2023

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Kretschmer, Tobias, Peukert, Alexander and Peukert, Christian (2023) The global AI regulation race: Why the EU should focus on data quality and liability rules. Other. Centre for Economic Policy Research.

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Kretschmer, Tobias, Peukert, Alexander and Peukert, Christian (2023) Europe and the global race to regulate AI: Why the EU should focus on data quality and liability rules. Other. VerfBlog. (doi: 10.59704/a9fb56a395996475).

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Kretschmer, Tobias, Peukert, Alexander and Peukert, Christian (2023) DP18517 The risks of risk-based AI regulation: Taking liability seriously. Discussion Paper. CEPR Press.

Eben, Magali ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-7609, Erickson, Kristofer ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-9123, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Cifrodelli, Gabriele, Li, Zihao ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2109-9196, Luca, Stefan, Meletti, Bartolomeo and Schlesinger, Philip ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9630 (2023) Priorities for Generative AI Regulation in the UK: CREATe response to the Digital Regulation Cooperation Forum (DRCF). Working Paper. Zenodo. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.8319662). (Unpublished)

Thomas, Amy, Battisti, Michele ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-8566 and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2023) Authors’ Earnings in the UK. Policy Brief. Documentation. Creative Industries Policy and Evidence Centre.

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Schlesinger, Philip ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9630 (2023) Intellectual Property and Regulation. Other. Creative Industries Policy & Evidence Centre.

2022

Barr, Kenny ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1129-8901, Eben, Magali ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-7609 and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2022) The re-intermediation of the music industries value chain: market definition, streaming gatekeepers and the control of data. European Intellectual Property Review, 44(6), pp. 317-322.

Barr, Kenny ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1129-8901, Eben, Magali ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-7609 and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2022) The Re-Intermediation of the Music Industries Value Chain: Market Definition, Streaming Gatekeepers and the Control of Data. Working Paper. UK Copyright and Creative Economy Centre, Glasgow. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6394719).

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Meletti, Bartolomeo and Porangaba, Luis H. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4111-5077 (2022) Artificial intelligence and intellectual property: copyright and patents – a response by the CREATe Centre to the UK Intellectual Property Office's open consultation. Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, 17(3), pp. 321-326. (doi: 10.1093/jiplp/jpac013)

Peukert, Alexander, Husovec, Martin, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Mezei, Péter and Quintais, João Pedro (2022) European Copyright Society – Comment on copyright and the digital services act proposal. International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 53(3), pp. 358-376. (doi: 10.1007/s40319-022-01154-1)

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Schlesinger, Philip ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9630 (2022) UK’s platform regulations need more scrutiny. [Audio]

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Schlesinger, Philip ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9630 (2022) The birth of platform neo-regulation in the UK. TechREG Chronicle, 2022(Jan), pp. 25-29.

Bently, Lionel, Bergel, Giles, Cooper, Elena, Gadd, Ian, Ginsburg, Jane, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Netanel, Neil (2022) Primary Sources on Copyright revisited: a copyright history webinar on Papal Privileges and the Stationers' Register. Working Paper. UK Copyright and Creative Economy Centre University of Glasgow (CREATe), Glasgow. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6565021).

Senftleben, Martin, Margoni, Thomas ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8551-1154, Antal, Daniel, Bodó, Balázs, van Gompel, Stef, Handke, Christian, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Poort, Joost, Quintais, João and Schwemer, Sebastian (2022) Ensuring the visibility and accessibility of European creative content on the world market: the need for copyright data improvement in the light of new technologies and the opportunity arising from Article 17 of the CDSM Directive. Journal of Intellectual Property, Information Technology and Electronic Commerce Law, 13(1), pp. 67-86.

Thomas, Amy, Battisti, Michele ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-8566 and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2022) UK Authors' Earnings and Contracts 2022: A Survey of 60,000 Writers. Documentation. CREATe Centre, Glasgow.

2021

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Schlesinger, Philip ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9630 (2021) Policy Brief: The birth of neo-regulation. Where next for the UK’s approach to platform regulation? Discussion Paper. AHRC Creative Industries Policy & Evidence Centre (PEC).

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Margoni, Thomas ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8551-1154 and Oruc, Pinar ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1462-7846 (2021) D3.6 Interim study on the state of harmonisation of the rights of reproduction and adaptation and connected exceptions. Project Report. ReCreating Europe. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5069507).

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Furgał, Ula ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9975-1933 and Schlesinger, Philip ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9630 (2021) Policy Brief: The regulation of online platforms: Mapping an emergent regulatory field. Other. Creative Industries Policy and Evidence Centre.

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2021) Academia as eSport: competitive academic gaming after the age of Covid. In: Senftleben, Martin, Poort, Joost, van Eechoud, Mireille, van Gompel, Stef and Helberger, Natali (eds.) Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz. Wolters Kluwer: Alphen aan den Rijn, pp. 451-455. ISBN 9789403537337

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Furgał, Ula ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9975-1933 and Schlesinger, Philip ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9630 (2021) The emergence of platform regulation in the UK: an empirical-legal study. Discussion Paper. Creative Industries Policy and Evidence Centre.

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Giblin, Rebecca (2021) Getting creators paid: one more chance for copyright law. European Intellectual Property Review, 43(5), pp. 279-282.

2020

Meletti, Bartolomeo, Thomas, Amy, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Erickson, Kristofer ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-9123 (2020) Text and Data Mining of Copyright Evidence. BEYOND 2020, Online, 30 Nov - 03 Dec 2020.

Furgal, Ula ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9975-1933, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Thomas, Amy (2020) Memes and Parasites: a discourse analysis of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive. Working Paper. UK Copyright and Creative Economy Centre, Glasgow. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4085050).

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2020) UK sovereignty: A challenge for the creative industries. [Website]

Barr, Kenny ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1129-8901 and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2020) Channel 4: Streaming on the world stage? Competing in the Changing Media Landscape. [Website]

Erickson, Kris ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-9123 and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2020) Empirical approaches to intermediary liability. In: Frosio, Giancarlo (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of Intermediary Liability Online. Oxford University Press. (doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198837138.013.5)

Leung, Raphael, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Meletti, Bartolomeo (2020) ‘Streaming Culture’, AHRC Creative Industries Evidence & Policy Centre Research Report. Documentation. Nesta, London.

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2020) New empirical research on intellectual property litigation and platform regulation. [Website]

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2020) Regulatory divergence post Brexit: copyright law as an indicator for what is to come. [Website]

Schlesinger, Philip ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9630 and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2020) The changing shape of platform regulation. [Website]

2019

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2019) Eine Lobby Geschichte: Reflexionen zur Entwicklung des Urheberrechts. In: Brion, Lina and Diederichsen, Detlef (eds.) 100 Jahre Copyright. Series: HKW - 100 Jahre Gegenwart (11). Matthes & Seitz: Berlin, pp. 74-99. ISBN 9783957575753

Erickson, Kris ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-9123, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Mendis, Dinusha (2019) An empirical approach to the public domain. In: Drexl, Josef and Kamperman Sanders, Anselm (eds.) The Innovation Society and Intellectual Property. Series: European intellectual property institutes network series. Edward Elgar Publishing: Cheltenham, UK ; Northampton, MA, USA, pp. 87-116. ISBN 9781789902341 (doi: 10.4337/9781789902358.00014)

Husovec, Martin and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2019) European copyright roundtables: implementing the digital single market directive. [Website]

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Hurtz, Simon (2019) Interview with Süddeutsche Zeitung: "Das Urheberrecht verteilt Vermögen von den Lebenden zu den Toten". [Website]

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Schlesinger, Philip ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9630 (2019) Regulating a platform economy. [Website]

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Steinhau, Henry (2019) Interview with iRights: “The EU would lose little if it simply rejected the directive”. [Website]

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Gavaldon, Andres Azqueta, Miettinen, Jaakko and Singh, Sukhpreet (2019) UK Authors’ Earnings and Contracts 2018: A Survey of 50,000 Writers. Documentation. CREATe, Glasgow. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.2649059).

2018

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Meletti, Bartolomeo, Singh, Sukhpreet, Green, Ben and Chitty, Andrew (2018) IP & Collaborative Agreements in the Creative Industries: Interim Report. Other. Arts and Humanities Research Council, Swindon.

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Erickson, Kristofer ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-9123 (2018) How much do we know about notice-and-takedown? New study tracks YouTube removals. Project Report. Kluwer Copyright Blog.

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2018) Data mining: why the EU’s proposed copyright measures get it wrong. Conversation, 24 May.

Erickson, Kristofer ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-9123 and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2018) “This video is unavailable”: analyzing copyright takedown of user-generated content on YouTube. Journal of Intellectual Property, Information Technology and E-Commerce Law, 9(1), pp. 75-89.

Hugenholtz, P. Bernt and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2018) Reconstructing rights: project synthesis and recommendations. In: Hugenholtz, P. Bernt (ed.) Copyright Reconstructed: Rethinking Copyright’s Economic Rights in a Time of Highly Dynamic Technological and Economic Change. Series: Information law series (41). Wolters Kluwer: Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands, pp. 1-10. ISBN 9789041191038

2017

Höppner, Thomas, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Xalabarder, Raquel (2017) CREATe public lectures on the proposed EU right for press publishers. European Intellectual Property Review, 39(10), pp. 607-622.

Bently, Lionel, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Dudenbostel, Tobias, Calatrava Moreno, María del Carmen and Radauer, Alfred (2017) Strengthening the Position of Press Publishers and Authors and Performers in the Copyright Directive. Project Report. European Parliament, Brussels.

2016

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Dusollier, Séverine, Geiger, Christophe and Hugenholtz, P. Bernt (2016) The European Commission’s public consultation on the role of publishers in the copyright value chain: a response by the European Copyright Society. European Intellectual Property Review, 38(10), pp. 591-595.

Favale, M., Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Torremans, P. (2016) Is there a EU copyright jurisprudence: an empirical study of the workings of the European Court of Justice. Modern Law Review, 79(1), pp. 31-75. (doi: 10.1111/1468-2230.12166)

2015

Erickson, Kristofer ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-9123, Heald, Paul, Homberg, Fabian, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Mendis, Dinusha (2015) Copyright and the Value of the Public Domain: An Empirical Assessment. Project Report. UK Intellectual Property Office, Newport.

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2015) Copyright and its discontents. In: Jones, Candace, Lorenzen, Mark and Sapsed, Jonathan (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Creative Industries. Oxford University Press: Oxford. ISBN 9780199603510 (doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199603510.013.016)

2014

Erickson, Kris ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-9123, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Mavridou, Olympia and White, Gregor (2014) Behaviours and outcomes in unauthorised fan-made video game production. In: 9th Annual Conference of the European Policy for Intellectual Property (EPIP) Association, Brussels, Belgium, 4-5 Sep 2014,

Erickson, Kris ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-9123, Varini, Andrea, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Hassani, Hossein (2014) The reasons for copyright takedown on YouTube, and what they tell us about copyright exceptions. In: EUROCPR Conference, Brussels, 24-25 Mar 2014,

Erickson, Kris ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-9123 and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2014) Research Perspectives on the Public Domain: Digital Conference Proceedings. In: Research Perspectives on the Public Domain, Glasgow, UK, 11 Oct 2013, pp. 1-58.

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Deazley, Ronan, Edwards, Lilian, Erickson, Kristofer ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-9123, Schafer, Burkhard and Zizzo, Daniel John (2014) The European Commission's public consultation on the review of EU copyright rules: a response by the CREATe Centre. European Intellectual Property Review, 36(9), pp. 547-553.

2013

Atladottir, K., Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Towse, R. (2013) Artists, authors’ rights and copyright. In: Handke, C. and Towse, R. (eds.) Handbook of the Digital Creative Economy. Edward Elgar: Cheltenham, pp. 274-283.

Erickson, K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-9123, Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Mendis, D. (2013) Copyright and the Economic Effects of Parody: An Empirical Study of Music Videos on the YouTube Platform, and an Assessment of Regulatory Options. Project Report. UK Intellectual Property Office, Newport, UK.

Favale, M., Homberg, F., Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Mendis, D. (2013) Copyright and the Regulation of Orphan Works: A Comparative Review of Seven Jurisdictions, and a Rights Clearance Simulation. Project Report. Intellectual Property Office, Newport, UK.

Homberg, M., Favale, M., Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Mendis, D. and Secchi, D. (2013) Investigating orphan works. In: Towse, R. and Handke, C. (eds.) Handbook of the Digital Creative Economy. Edward Elgar: Cheltenham, pp. 299-306. ISBN 9781781004869

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Bently, L. and Deazley, R. (2013) The history of copyright history (revisited). WIPO Journal, 5(1), pp. 35-45.

Mendis, D. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2013) The Treatment of Parodies Under Copyright Law in Seven Jurisdictions: A Comparative Review of the Underlying Principles. Project Report. Intellectual Property Office, Newport, UK.

2012

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2012) Copyright term reversion and the 'use-it-or-lose-it' principle. International Journal of Music Business Research, 1(1), pp. 44-53.

Favale, M. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2012) An Analysis of the Public Consultation on Open Standards: Open Opportunities. Technical Report. Cabinet Office, London, UK.

Singh, S. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2012) Strategic behaviour in the international exploitation of TV formats - a case study of the Idols format. In: Zwaan, K. and de Bruin, J. (eds.) Adapting Idols: Authenticity, Identity and Performance in a Global Television Format. Series: Ashgate popular and folk music series. Ashgate: Farnham, UK. ISBN 9781409441694

Singh, Sukhpreet and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2012) Strategic behaviour in the international exploitation of TV formats: a case study of the Idols format. In: Zwaan, Koos and De Bruin, Joost (eds.) Adapting Idols: Authenticity, Identity and Performance in a Global Television Format. Series: Ashgate popular and folk music series. Ashgate: Farnham, Surrey, pp. 11-25. ISBN 9781409441694

Weston, S. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2012) Open Standards in Government IT: A Review of the Evidence. Technical Report. Cabinet Office, London, UK.

2011

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Singh, S., Bently, L. and Cooper, E. (2011) Copyright Contracts and Earnings of Visual Creators: A Survey of 5,800 British Designers, Fine Artists, Illustrators and Photographers. Project Report. CIPPM (Centre for Intellectual Property Policy and Management), Bournemouth.

2010

Deazley, R., Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Bently, L. (Eds.) (2010) Privilege and Property: Essays on the History of Copyright Law. Open Book Publishing: Cambridge. ISBN 9781906924188

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2010) Regulating creator contracts: the state of the art and a research agenda. Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, 18(1), pp. 141-174.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Bently, L. and Deazley, R. (2010) The History of Copyright History: Notes From an Emerging Discipline. In: Deazley, Ronan, Kretschmer, Martin and Bently, Lionel (eds.) Privilege and Property: Essays on the History of Copyright. Open Book Publishers: Cambridge, pp. 1-20. ISBN 9781906924188

2009

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Pratt, A.C. (Eds.) (2009) Copyright and the Production of Music, special issue of 'Information, Communication and Society'. Taylor and Francis.

Kawohl, F. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2009) Johann Gottlieb Fichte, and the trap of inhalt (content) and form: an information perspective on music copyright. Information, Communication and Society, 12(2), pp. 205-228. (doi: 10.1080/13691180802459955)

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2009) Powers to disconnect internet users should not be lightly delegated. Financial Times, 2 Dec,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Pratt, A.C. (2009) Legal form and cultural symbol: music, copyright and information studies. Information, Communication and Society, 12(2), pp. 165-177. (doi: 10.1080/13691180802459930)

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Singh, S. (2009) The paradox of TV formats. Why pay for something that is free? In: 1st Annual Workshop of International Society for the History and Theory of Intellectual Property, Milan, Italy, 26-27 Jun 2009,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Singh, S. and Wardle, J. (2009) Exploitation of Television Formats. Project Report. Bournemouth University, Poole, UK.

2008

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2008) Copyright extension will be the enemy of innovation. Times, 22 Jul, p. 25.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2008) Copyright extension will benefit few. Financial Times, 18 Feb, p. 10.

Bently, L. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (Eds.) (2008) Primary Sources on Copyright (1450-1900). Arts and Humanities Research Council.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2008) Collecting societies. In: Cane, P. and Conaghan, J. (eds.) The New Oxford Companion to Law. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 9780199290543

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2008) Copyright and authors. In: Creative Industries and Intellectual Property, DIME Framework 6 Conference, London, U.K., 22-23 May 2008,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2008) Creativity stifled? A joint academic statement on the proposed copyright term extension for sound recordings. European Intellectual Property Review, 30(9), pp. 341-374.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2008) Dürer's 'copyrights': the economics of renaissance woodcuts and copper engravings. In: SERCIAC 2008: Society for Economic Research on Copyright Issues Annual Congress, Geneva, Switzerland, 11-12 Jul 2008,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2008) The earnings of creators. In: KAU08: Kreative Arbeit und Urheberrecht Conference, Dortmund, Germany, 26-28 Sep 2008,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2008) Inspiration, innovation, or infringement? Multidisciplinary perspectives on piracy and copyright. In: Inspiration, Innovation, or Infringement: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Piracy and Copyright Conference, Cambridge, U.K., 1 Jul 2008,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2008) Legal and economic aspects of flat rates for online materials. In: Sino-German Conference on IP Enforcement, Max-Planck-Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law, Munich, Germany, 15-17 Oct 2008,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2008) Regulation of intellectual property for cultural diversity. In: QMIPRI (Round Table), London Centre for Arts and Cultural Enterprise, London, UK, 2 May 2008,

2007

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Kawohl, F. (2007) Das fundament des urheberrechts wankt. Neue Zürcher Zeitung,

Dean, A. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2007) Can ideas be capital? Factors of production in the post-industrial economy: a review and critique. Academy of Management Review, 32(2), pp. 573-594. (doi: 10.5465/AMR.2007.24351866)

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2007) The last word on Gowers. Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2007) British interactive broadcasting: negotiating a gateway into the digital future; the value of the design approach. In: Baden-Fuller, C. (ed.) The Value of Design and Strategic Alliances in Newly Emerging Products, Firms and Markets: Seven Cases. Design Council: London, UK.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2007) Economic policy forum on creative industries. In: SPD Forum Kulturwirtschaft, Berlin, Germany, 17 Sep 2007,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2007) Eigentümer und diebe, epigonen und originelle: urheberrechtliche und ästhetische normen für die Nutzung von vorgefundenem musikalischen material. Archiv für Urheber und Medienrecht, 2, pp. 363-402.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2007) Empirical evidence on musicians? Careers and earnings: the role of copyright. In: IMC 2nd Word Forum on Music, Beijing, China, 11-14 Oct 2007,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2007) Equitable remuneration rights. In: Music Industry Round Table, Kristiansund, Norway, 21 Jun 2007,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2007) The trouble with music research in the digital environment. In: Queen Mary Herchel Smith Seminar Series, London, UK, 19 Nov 2007,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Hardwick, P. (2007) Authors' Earnings from Copyright and Non-Copyright Sources : a Survey of 25,000 British and German Writers. Centre for Intellectual Property Policy & Management: Poole, UK. ISBN 9781858992440

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Hardwick, P. (2007) Copyright earnings and risk: an empirical study of authors? Earnings in Germany and the UK. In: SERCIAC 2007: Society for Economic Research on Copyright Issues Annual Congress, Berlin, Germany, 12-13 Jul 2007,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Harwick, P. (2007) What are Words Worth? Counting the Cost of a Writing Career in the 21st Century: A Survey of 25,000 Writers? Project Report. ALCS, London, UK.

2006

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Is copy control dead? Impressions on a volt-face in digital rights management. Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Flash mobbing: Martin Kretschmer explores where infringement adds value. Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) The term question: copyright for sound recordings is a patent right for industrial cultural production. Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Copyright and contract: Martin Kretschmer is puzzled by an unholy alliance. Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) The private sphere: Martin Kretschmer considers the EC Levy consultation. Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Copyright and contracts: a brief introduction. Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues, 3(1), pp. 75-81.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Regulating technology through copyright. Is "sui generis" a good idea? Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Gnostic Judas: when will the gospels run out of copyright? Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Policy mania: what else is there to review? Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Setting the value: what is correct royalty tariff for download music? Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) A wider net? The proposed WIPO broadcasting treaty: what do you do with rights you don't need? Copyright World,

Kawohl, F. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Von tondichtern und DJs? Urheberrecht zwischen melodieneigentum und musikpraxis. In: Hofmann, J. (ed.) Wissen und Eigentum: Geschichte, Recht und Ökonomie Stoffloser Güter. Series: Schriftenreihe (552). Bundeszentrale für Politische Bildung: Bonn, Germany, pp. 189-220. ISBN 9783893316823

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Artists earnings and copyright: a review of british and german music industry data in the context of digital technologies. In: Macmillan, F. (ed.) New Directions in Copyright Law. Edward Elgar: Cheltenham, UK, pp. 61-78. ISBN 9781845422615

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Authors, earnings and copyright contracts. In: The Impact of the Internet on the Mass Media: The Impact of Internet on the Mass Media in Europe: COST A20 International Conference, Delphi, Greece, 26-29 Apr 2006,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Empirical evidence on copyright earnings. In: Intellectual Property Rights for Business and Society (EU 6th Framework DIME Network), London, UK, 14-15 Sep 2006,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Improving the creator's lot: six regulatory options. In: MusicTank Copyright Conference: Beyond The Soundbytes, London, UK, 15 Nov 2006,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) A map of intellectual property. In: Propertization: An Interdisciplinary Research Programme, Leipzig, Germany, 26 Jan 2006,

2005

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2005) Trends in global copyright. Global Media and Communication, 1(2), pp. 231-237. (doi: 10.1177/1742766505054645)

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2005) Artists' earnings and copyright: a review of British and German music industry data in the context of digital technologies. First Monday, 10(1),

Blakeney, M., Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Hardwick, P. and Rangnekar, D. (2005) Geographical Indications and Intellectual Property: A Legal and Economic Analysis. Edward Elgar: Cheltenham, UK. ISBN 9781843769507

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2005) Access and reward in the information society: regulating the collective management of copyright. In: SERCI (Society For Economic Research on Copyright Issues) Conference, Montreal, Canada, 6-8 Jul 2005,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2005) Collecting societies and competition law. In: 6th National IP Workshop, Cambridge, UK, 27 Jun 2005,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2005) Intellectual property, investment and innovation. In: Latvian Ministry of Economics, Riga, Latvia, May 2005,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2005) The proposed extension of the term for sound recordings. In: MusicTank Copyright Conference: Copyright Review: Getting The Right Balance, London, UK, 10 Nov 2005,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2005) Securing your intellectual property in collaborative environments. In: Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, London, UK, 4 Mar 2005,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2005) Value in the cultural industries. In: Jahrestagung Kulturwirtschaft, Berlin, Germany, 1 Dec 2005,

2004

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2004) Alternative copyright payment systems. In: WOS3 Digital Commons: Wizards of OS. The Future of the Digital Commons, Berlin, Germany, 10-12 Jun 2004,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2004) The future of collecting societies. In: Copyright in Europe, Foundation for Information Policy Research, Cambridge, UK, 9-10 Oct 2004,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Kawohl, F. (2004) The history & philosophy of copyright. In: Firth, S. and Marshall, L. (eds.) Music and Copyright. Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh, UK, pp. 21-53. ISBN 9780748618125

Wei, L. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2004) Ambush marketing: a study of strategies and legal responses. International Sports Law Review, 5(3), pp. 456-468.

2003

Kawohl, F. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2003) Abstraction and registration: conceptual innovations and supply effects in Prussian and British copyright (1820-50). Intellectual Property Quarterly, 2, pp. 209-228.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2003) Copying the digital millennium copyright act: European struggles with information control. In: Poltermann, A. (ed.) The Future of the Global Commons in the Knowledge Society: In Search of a Sustainable Intellectual Property Policy. Dokumentationen der Heinrich-Boll Stiftung: Berlin, Germany.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2003) Digital copyright: the end of an era. European Intellectual Property Review, 25(8), pp. 333-341.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2003) The economics of geographical indications. In: Queen Mary and Fordham University Joint Seminar Series, London, UK, Nov 2003,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2003) Fair pay - fair play. In: Copyright Licensing Agency (CLA) & Society of Authors and Institute of Contemporary Art (ICA), London, UK, Sep 2003,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2003) Piracy in the licensing economy. In: Workshop on Intellectual Property License and Piracy, Berlin, Germany, 4 Jun 2003, pp. 1-2.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2003) Piracy revisited. In: SSRC Intellectual Property, Markets, and Cultural Flows, New York, NY, USA, 25-28 Oct 2003,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2003) Software as text and machine: the legal capture of digital innovation. Journal of Information Law and Technology, 1,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Gehring, R. (2003) Software-patente in vergangenheit, gegenwart und zukunft. FIfF-Kommunikation, 4, pp. 26-31.

Soetendorp, R. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2003) Current developments - Europe: European community. Intellectual Property Forum, 53, pp. 75-76.

2002

Kawohl, F. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2002) Linking copyright protection to commercial exploitation: some evidence from Prussian and England (1820-50). In: Association for Cultural Economics International (ACEI ) 12th International Conference on Cultural Economics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 13-15 Jun 2002,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2002) Copyright societies do not administer individual property rights: the incoherence of institutional traditions in Germany and the UK. In: Towse, R. (ed.) Copyright in the Cultural Industries. Edward Elgar: Cheltenham, UK, pp. 140-164. ISBN 9781840646610

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2002) The failure of property rules in collective administration: rethinking copyright societies as regulatory instruments. European Intellectual Property Review, 24(3), pp. 126-137.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2002) Key note speech. In: Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, Berlin, Germany, Nov 2002,

2001

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Klimis, G.M. and Wallace, R. (2001) Music in electronic markets: an empirical study. New Media and Society, 3(4), pp. 417-441. (doi: 10.1177/14614440122226164)

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2001) Feudalism, retreat or revolution? In: Bournemouth University CIPPM Symposium 2001: A New Feudalism of Ideas?, Poole, UK, 26 Jun 2001,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2001) In defence of piracy: music copyright and creativity in the digital environment. Micazine,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2001) Musik & copyright systeme. In: SK Stiftung Kultur, Cologne, Germany, Mar 2001,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2001) Review of: Harold L. Vogel, Entertainment Industry Economics. Entertainment Law, 1, pp. 113-115. [Book Review]

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2001) Where the private become public: the commercial logic of file-sharing. In: IASPM Intellectual Property Working Group, Worcester, UK, 20 Apr 2001,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Baden-Fuller, C. and Klimis, G.M. (2001) Leasing ideas: pay-per-use in the music industry: a model for appropriating returns in knowledge intensive industries? In: 17th EGOS Colloquium: The Odyssey of Organizing, Lyon, France, 5-7 Jul 2001,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Klimis, G.M. and Wallis, R. (2001) The global music industry in the digital environment: a study of strategic intent and policy responses (1996-99). In: Janssen, S. (ed.) Trends and Strategies in the Arts and Cultural Industries. Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn: Rotterdam, The Netherlands. ISBN 9789056130619

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Soetendorp, R. (2001) The strategic use of business method patents: a pilot study of out of court settlements. Journal of E-Business, 2(1), pp. 9-38.

2000

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2000) Datenpakete im netz der paragraphen. Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 4(8),

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2000) Intellectual property in music: a historical analysis of rhetoric and institutional practices, studies in cultures, organizations and societies. Studies in Cultures, Organizations and Societies, 6(2), pp. 197-223. (doi: 10.1080/10245280008523547)

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Baden-Fuller, C., Klimis, G.M. and Wallis, R. (2000) Enforcement and appropriation of music intellectual property rights in global markets. In: Aharoni, Y. and Nachum, L. (eds.) Globalization of Services; Some Implications for Theory and Practice. Series: Routledge studies in international business and the world economy (19). Routledge: London, UK, pp. 163-196. ISBN 9780415226547

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Klimis, G.M. and Wallis, R. (2000) The effects of internet technologies on the music industry: strategic and scenario analyses (1996-9). In: British Academy of Management Annual Conference (BAM2000), Edinburgh, UK, 13-15 Sep 2000,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Wallis, R. (2000) Business models and regulation in the electronic distribution of music. In: Stanford-Smith, B. and Kidd, P.T. (eds.) E- Business: Key Issues, Applications and Technologies. IOS Press: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 197-204. ISBN 9781586030896

Soetendorp, R. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2000) Competition and the music industry. Intellectual Property Forum,

Soetendorp, R. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2000) EMI, Time Warner & European competition policy. Intellectual Property Forum, 43, pp. 56-59.

1999

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Klimis, G.M. and Choi, C.J. (1999) Increasing returns and social contagion in cultural industries. British Journal of Management, 10(S1), pp. 61-72. (doi: 10.1111/1467-8551.10.s1.6)

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Klimis, G.M. and Wallis, R. (1999) The changing location of intellectual property rights in music: a study of music publishers collecting societies and media conglomerates. Prometheus, 17(2), pp. 163-186.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and McNamara, P. (1999) Strategic alliances in the information sector. In: 2nd International Workshop on Organization of the Future in the Information Society; Managing Change, Human Resources and Structure, Cádiz, Spain, 25-28 May 1999,

Wallis, R., Baden-Fuller, C., Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Klimis, G.M. (1999) Contested collective administration of intellectual property rights in music: the challenge to the principles of reciprocity and solidarity. European Journal of Communication, 14(1), pp. 5-35.

Wallis, R., Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Klimis, G.M. (1999) Globalisation, Technology & the Music Industry: Current Trends and Implications for Creativity and (e)Business in the Digital Environment. Project Report. City University Business School, London, UK.

1998

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (1998) Game theory brief: Boeing vs. Airbus. Strategy and Business, 2, pp. 4-6.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (1998) Trust and corruption: escalating social practices? In: 14th EGOS Colloqium, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 9-11 Jul 1998,

Wallis, R., Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Holtham, C. and Skinner, C. (1998) Credibility capital: the new logic of electronic markets. In: First International Conference on Telecommunications and Electronic Commerce (ICTEC), Nashville, TN, USA, 19-22 Nov 1998, pp. 94-103.

1997

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (1997) Die Mythen des Urhebers: geistiges eigentum in der musik eine historische ubersicht und kritik. Dissonanz, 57, pp. 4-13.

1993

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (1993) Review of: A Progress of Sentiments: Reflections on Hume's Treatise, by Annette C. Baier; Hume's Theory of Moral Judgment, by Walter Brand. Mind, 102(406), pp. 340-348. (doi: 10.1093/mind/102.406.340)[Book Review]

This list was generated on Sun Jun 15 02:15:08 2025 BST.

Number of items: 188.

Articles

Kretschmer, M. et al. (2025) Copyright and AI in the UK: opting-in or opting-out? GRUR International, (Accepted for Publication)

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2018) Data mining: why the EU’s proposed copyright measures get it wrong. Conversation, 24 May.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Bently, L. and Deazley, R. (2013) The history of copyright history (revisited). WIPO Journal, 5(1), pp. 35-45.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2012) Copyright term reversion and the 'use-it-or-lose-it' principle. International Journal of Music Business Research, 1(1), pp. 44-53.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2009) Powers to disconnect internet users should not be lightly delegated. Financial Times, 2 Dec,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2008) Copyright extension will be the enemy of innovation. Times, 22 Jul, p. 25.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2008) Copyright extension will benefit few. Financial Times, 18 Feb, p. 10.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Kawohl, F. (2007) Das fundament des urheberrechts wankt. Neue Zürcher Zeitung,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2007) The last word on Gowers. Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Is copy control dead? Impressions on a volt-face in digital rights management. Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Flash mobbing: Martin Kretschmer explores where infringement adds value. Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) The term question: copyright for sound recordings is a patent right for industrial cultural production. Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Copyright and contract: Martin Kretschmer is puzzled by an unholy alliance. Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) The private sphere: Martin Kretschmer considers the EC Levy consultation. Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Copyright and contracts: a brief introduction. Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues, 3(1), pp. 75-81.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Regulating technology through copyright. Is "sui generis" a good idea? Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Gnostic Judas: when will the gospels run out of copyright? Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Policy mania: what else is there to review? Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) Setting the value: what is correct royalty tariff for download music? Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) A wider net? The proposed WIPO broadcasting treaty: what do you do with rights you don't need? Copyright World,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2005) Trends in global copyright. Global Media and Communication, 1(2), pp. 231-237. (doi: 10.1177/1742766505054645)

Wei, L. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2004) Ambush marketing: a study of strategies and legal responses. International Sports Law Review, 5(3), pp. 456-468.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2003) Digital copyright: the end of an era. European Intellectual Property Review, 25(8), pp. 333-341.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2003) Software as text and machine: the legal capture of digital innovation. Journal of Information Law and Technology, 1,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Gehring, R. (2003) Software-patente in vergangenheit, gegenwart und zukunft. FIfF-Kommunikation, 4, pp. 26-31.

Soetendorp, R. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2003) Current developments - Europe: European community. Intellectual Property Forum, 53, pp. 75-76.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2001) In defence of piracy: music copyright and creativity in the digital environment. Micazine,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2000) Datenpakete im netz der paragraphen. Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 4(8),

Soetendorp, R. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2000) Competition and the music industry. Intellectual Property Forum,

Soetendorp, R. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2000) EMI, Time Warner & European competition policy. Intellectual Property Forum, 43, pp. 56-59.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (1998) Game theory brief: Boeing vs. Airbus. Strategy and Business, 2, pp. 4-6.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (1997) Die Mythen des Urhebers: geistiges eigentum in der musik eine historische ubersicht und kritik. Dissonanz, 57, pp. 4-13.

Books

Book Sections

Book Reviews

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2001) Review of: Harold L. Vogel, Entertainment Industry Economics. Entertainment Law, 1, pp. 113-115. [Book Review]

Edited Books

Bently, L. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (Eds.) (2008) Primary Sources on Copyright (1450-1900). Arts and Humanities Research Council.

Research Reports or Papers

Kretschmer, M. et al. (2025) Copyright and AI: Response by the CREATe Centre to the UK Government’s Consultation. Working Paper. CREATe (Zenodo), Zenodo. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14931963).

Ehlinger, Arthur ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-981X, Thomas, Amy, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Battisti, Michele ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-8566 and Saenz De Juano Ribes, Helena (2025) UK Screen Directors: a survey of earnings and contracts. Documentation. CREATe. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14689423).

Ehlinger, Arthur ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-981X, Thomas, Amy, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Battisti, Michele ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-8566 and Saenz De Juano Ribes, Helena (2024) UK Visual Artists: A survey of earnings and contracts. Documentation. CREATe. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14062781).

Ehlinger, Arthur ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-981X, Thomas, Amy, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Battisti, Michele ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-8566 and Saenz De Juano Ribes, Helena (2024) UK Audiovisual Performers: A survey of earnings and contracts. Documentation. CREATe. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.13880246).

Ehlinger, Arthur ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-981X, Thomas, Amy, Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Battisti, Michele ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-8566 (2024) The Artists Earning Survey 2024: Artistic uncertainty and the pressures facing UK Visual Artists. Documentation. CREATe. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14063008).

Barr, Kenny ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1129-8901, Eben, Magali ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-7609 and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2022) The Re-Intermediation of the Music Industries Value Chain: Market Definition, Streaming Gatekeepers and the Control of Data. Working Paper. UK Copyright and Creative Economy Centre, Glasgow. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6394719).

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Margoni, Thomas ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8551-1154 and Oruc, Pinar ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1462-7846 (2021) D3.6 Interim study on the state of harmonisation of the rights of reproduction and adaptation and connected exceptions. Project Report. ReCreating Europe. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5069507).

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Furgał, Ula ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9975-1933 and Schlesinger, Philip ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9630 (2021) Policy Brief: The regulation of online platforms: Mapping an emergent regulatory field. Other. Creative Industries Policy and Evidence Centre.

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Furgał, Ula ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9975-1933 and Schlesinger, Philip ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9630 (2021) The emergence of platform regulation in the UK: an empirical-legal study. Discussion Paper. Creative Industries Policy and Evidence Centre.

Weston, S. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2012) Open Standards in Government IT: A Review of the Evidence. Technical Report. Cabinet Office, London, UK.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569, Singh, S. and Wardle, J. (2009) Exploitation of Television Formats. Project Report. Bournemouth University, Poole, UK.

Conference or Workshop Item

Conference Proceedings

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2008) Copyright and authors. In: Creative Industries and Intellectual Property, DIME Framework 6 Conference, London, U.K., 22-23 May 2008,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2008) The earnings of creators. In: KAU08: Kreative Arbeit und Urheberrecht Conference, Dortmund, Germany, 26-28 Sep 2008,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2007) Economic policy forum on creative industries. In: SPD Forum Kulturwirtschaft, Berlin, Germany, 17 Sep 2007,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2007) Equitable remuneration rights. In: Music Industry Round Table, Kristiansund, Norway, 21 Jun 2007,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2007) The trouble with music research in the digital environment. In: Queen Mary Herchel Smith Seminar Series, London, UK, 19 Nov 2007,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2006) A map of intellectual property. In: Propertization: An Interdisciplinary Research Programme, Leipzig, Germany, 26 Jan 2006,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2005) Collecting societies and competition law. In: 6th National IP Workshop, Cambridge, UK, 27 Jun 2005,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2005) Intellectual property, investment and innovation. In: Latvian Ministry of Economics, Riga, Latvia, May 2005,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2005) Securing your intellectual property in collaborative environments. In: Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, London, UK, 4 Mar 2005,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2005) Value in the cultural industries. In: Jahrestagung Kulturwirtschaft, Berlin, Germany, 1 Dec 2005,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2003) The economics of geographical indications. In: Queen Mary and Fordham University Joint Seminar Series, London, UK, Nov 2003,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2003) Piracy in the licensing economy. In: Workshop on Intellectual Property License and Piracy, Berlin, Germany, 4 Jun 2003, pp. 1-2.

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2003) Piracy revisited. In: SSRC Intellectual Property, Markets, and Cultural Flows, New York, NY, USA, 25-28 Oct 2003,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2002) Key note speech. In: Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, Berlin, Germany, Nov 2002,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2001) Musik & copyright systeme. In: SK Stiftung Kultur, Cologne, Germany, Mar 2001,

Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (1998) Trust and corruption: escalating social practices? In: 14th EGOS Colloqium, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 9-11 Jul 1998,

Audio

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Schlesinger, Philip ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9630 (2022) UK’s platform regulations need more scrutiny. [Audio]

Website

Bently, L. and Kretschmer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2024) Primary Sources on Copyright (1450-1900). [Website]

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2020) UK sovereignty: A challenge for the creative industries. [Website]

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2020) New empirical research on intellectual property litigation and platform regulation. [Website]

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2020) Regulatory divergence post Brexit: copyright law as an indicator for what is to come. [Website]

Schlesinger, Philip ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9630 and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2020) The changing shape of platform regulation. [Website]

Husovec, Martin and Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 (2019) European copyright roundtables: implementing the digital single market directive. [Website]

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Schlesinger, Philip ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9630 (2019) Regulating a platform economy. [Website]

Kretschmer, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6569 and Steinhau, Henry (2019) Interview with iRights: “The EU would lose little if it simply rejected the directive”. [Website]

This list was generated on Sun Jun 15 02:15:08 2025 BST.

Grants

Martin Kretschmer has delivered more than 30 externally funded research projects, with a total value of £7m, some involving complex consortia, many with an international comparative dimension as well as significant policy and industry contributions.

List of awards

Funding body: AHRC

Title: CREATe Continuity funding as UKRI research infrastructure (Centre for Regulation of the Creative Economy)

Reference: AH/Y007662/1

Applicants: M. Kretschmer (PI), K. Erickson (Co-I), M. Eben (Co-I) with 8 CREATe academics

Dates: 2024-2028

Amount awarded: £1m

Project summary

Core funding by the AHRC as UK research infrastructure, with a focus on the regulation of creativity, technology and markets (intellectual property law, competition law, information and technology law). Activities funded include digital resources, policy and stakeholder engagement and capacity building.

Funding body: DACS, BECS, Directors UK

Labour market surveys of UK primary creators

Applicants: M. Kretschmer, A. Thomas, M. Battisti

Lead researcher: A. Ehlinger (PDRA)

Dates: 2024-25

Amount awarded: £45,000

Project summary

Earnings and contracts surveys of UK visual artists, audio-visual performers and directors.

Funding body: Knowledge Rights 21/Arcadia (charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin)

Title: Evidence on Technological Protection Measures: the impact on research, education and preservation

Applicants: K. Erickson (PI), M. Kretschmer, A. Rosborough (Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University, Canada)

Dates: 2023-2024

Amount awarded: €70,000

Project summary

There is limited understanding and empirical evidence of the impacts of technological protection measures (TPMs) on activities permitted by exceptions to copyright in Europe. The proposed work will clarify the legal status of TPMs in European and key international jurisdictions. Report 1 will comprise a comparative doctrinal analysis of the implementation of TPM / anti-circumvention provisions in the copyright laws of the 27 EU member states and their interaction with applicable exceptions and limitations. A second report will provide the first large-scale empirical survey of institutional users (including researchers, librarians and cultural heritage practitioners) since the CDSM Directive came into force. This survey will explore current possibilities for circumvention of TPMs within national law. A third study on the economic effects of TPMs, using video games as a case study, will illuminate the scope of the problem and specific responses and practices by institutions in relation to TPMs, serving as a guide for policy action based on economic estimates of the total cultural value lost/inaccessible due to protected content.

Funding body: ALCS/AHRC Policy & Evidence Centre (PEC)

Title: A Survey of Authors’ Earnings 2020-21 (ALCS)

Trends in Authors’ Earnings: a labour market perspective (PEC)

Applicants: A. Thomas (PI), M. Battisti, M. Kretschmer

Dates: 2022-2023

Amount awarded: £30,000

Project summary

Update of contracts and earnings survey of UK literary authors (Kretschmer & Hardwick 2007, Kretschmer et al. 2019), assessing the effects of digital and pandemic changes on the labour market and working conditions of a specific professional sector.

Funding body: Knowledge Rights 21/Arcadia (charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin)

Title: The Law and Economics of e-lending in Europe

Applicants: M. Kretschmer (PI), K. Barr, M. Eben

Researcher: M. Frigeri

Dates: September 2022-January 2025

Amount awarded: €80,000

The project aims at understanding how different markets in e-lending function (education books, trade books), adopting concepts and principles developed by EU and national competition authorities. In addition to generating policy-relevant findings, addressing these questions will permit reflections on the wider societal goals e-lending, copyright and competition law are intended to support.

Funding body: Royal Society of Edinburgh

Title: Scottish Law and Innovation Network (SCOTLIN)

Applicants: G. Noto La Diega (Stirling, PI), R. Ducato (Aberdeen), M. Kretschmer

Dates: January 2021-Dec 2023

Amount awarded: £20,000

Project summary

Network with research assistant and web support. Annual conferences and workshops. Series of (en)lighening talks. Interdisciplinary orientation, with links between academia, legal profession, civil society. Issues range from digital privacy, regulation of artificial intelligence, business tech-readiness to algorithmic accountability.

Funding body: AHRC

Title: Centre of Excellence for Policy & Evidence in the Creative Industries (PEC)

Reference: AH/S001298/1

Applicants: H. Bakhshi (PI, Nesta), with 5 core partners (CREATe Glasgow, Manchester, Newcastle, Sussex, Work Foundation), 12 Co-Is

Dates: October 2018-March 2023

Amount awarded: £6m Consortium (fEC), of which £610,000 to University of Glasgow (Kretschmer, Schlesinger, Doyle)

Project summary

This national policy and evidence centre is a key part of the AHRC’s creative economy programme. Member of Managing Board, leading workstream “Intellectual Property, Business Models, Content Regulation and Access to Finance”.

https://www.create.ac.uk/blog/2018/11/27/create-to-lead-intellectual-property-research-in-new-uk-creative-industries-policy-and-evidence-centre/

Funding body: European Union Horizon 2020

Title: reCreating Europe: Rethinking digital copyright law for a culturally diverse, accessible, creative Europe

Reference: No 870626

Applicants: Sant’Anna Pisa (PI C. Sganga), IViR University of Amsterdam, CREATe University of Glasgow (M. Iljadica, M. Kretschmer, T. Margoni), A.v.Humboldt-Institute for Internet & Society Berlin, University of Trento, Stichting Liber, and partners in Estonia, Danmark, Hungary, Ireland.

Dates: 2019-2022

Amount awarded: €3.1m Consortium, of which €454,000 to University of Glasgow

Project summary

reCreating Europe will develop (1) cross-national maps of multi-level regulatory responses that impact access to culture, cultural production, competitiveness of creative industries; (2) innovative qualitative and quantitative methods to measure the impact of digitization on the production and consumption of cultural goods and services; (3) legal and technological evaluation of TPMs and content-filtering algorithms, and their impact on cultural diversity, access to culture and the generation of cultural value.

https://www.create.ac.uk/blog/2020/01/28/copyright-law-cultural-diversity-and-the-digital-single-market/

Funding body: Australian Research Council

Title: Reclaiming lost cultural value for authors and the public

Applicant: ARC fellowship of R. Giblin, Melbourne University (sub-project to CREATe/Kretschmer)

Dates: 2019-2021

Amount awarded: £56,000 to University of Glasgow

Project summary: Reversion right regimes in Europe

https://authorsinterest.org/

Funding body: AHRC

Title: Intellectual Property and Collaborative Agreements

Applicants: M. Kretschmer (PI), S. Singh, B. Meletti

Dates: August-September 2018

Amount awarded: £8,900

Project summary

“Landscape” briefing paper on best practice in IP Consortium Agreements

https://www.create.ac.uk/publications/ip-collaborative-agreements-in-the-creative-industries/

Funding body: Authors’ Licensing and Collecting Society (ALCS)

Title: 2018 survey of writers’ contracts and earnings

Applicants: M. Kretschmer (PI), S. Singh

Dates: January-September 2018

Amount awarded: £15,000

Project summary

Follow-up of pioneering survey (Kretschmer & Hardwick 2007), assessing the effects of digital changes on the labour market and working conditions of a specific professional sector.

https://www.create.ac.uk/uk-authors-earnings-and-contracts-2018-a-survey-of-50000-writers/

Funding body: Microsoft research grant

Title: Reconstructing Rights: Rethinking copyright’s economic rights in a time of highly dynamic technological and economic change

Applicants: P.B. Hugenholtz (University of Amsterdam, PI), Martin Kretschmer, Joost Poort

Dates: 2015-2018

Amount awarded: €30,000

Project summary

This collaborative interdisciplinary research project re-examines the core economic rights protected under EU copyright law, with the aim of bringing these rights more in line with economic and technological realities. The project follows an interdisciplinary approach, combining economic and legal methods. Project outputs include three symposia (Glasgow 2015, Brussels 2016, Bordeaux 2017) and an edited volume (Kluwer 2018).

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3515193

Funding body: AHRC

Title: Unlocking co-creative possibilities: CREATe follow-on engagement with UK creative economy stakeholders to improve copyright practice and policy

Reference: AH/P013341/1

Applicants: M. Kretschmer (PI), R. Deazley, K. Erickson, S. Singh (named researchers B. Meletti, K. Patterson)

Dates: February 2017-December 2018

Amount awarded: £161,000 (£200K fEC, plus £30K UoG ESRC/EPSRC Impact Acceleration Account)

Project summary

The programme of engagement aims to effect a change in the copyright practices with respect to the value generation through co-creation.

1. Co-creation in the production chain: animations and guidance

Extending animation techniques (piloted in the award winning film The Adventure of the Girl with the Light Blue Hair - http://copyrightuser.org/the-game-is-on/), copyright opportunities and risks relating to co-creation will be presented as they arise in the production process. British Film Institute (BFI), lottery funded partner IntoFilm, UK Intellectual Property Office and Authors Licensing and Collecting Society (ALCS) are collaborating partners.

https://www.copyrightuser.org/

2. Co-creation from cultural heritage: events and guidance

This activity seeks to improve understanding how copyright norms shape digital access to cultural heritage. Using the exemplar of Sherlock Holmes, two screening events will explore the creative reuse of the Sherlock character at the BFI Southbank in London and in Glasgow’s new KelvinHall hub. National Library of Scotland, British Film Institute (BFI) and Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP) are collaborating partners.

https://www.create.ac.uk/blog/2017/10/11/copyright-creative-reuse-screening-dec17/

3. Co-creation in policy deliberation: peer production of evidence

This activity will address neglected and under-represented stakeholder groups in the copyright policy making process, in particular micro-sized innovative firms and individual creators engaged in co-creation. In consultation with a Wikimedian-in-residence, we will provide new data-mining tools and open functionality via the MediaWiki software in order to facilitate a series of ‘virtual town hall meetings’ for these groups. Wikimedia Foundation, N-Square Consultants and UK IPO are collaborating partners.

https://www.copyrightevidence.org/evidence-wiki/index.php/Copyright_Evidence

4. UK Research and Innovation Network

CREATe will develop as a national catalyst, connecting expertise in law, social science and technology with stakeholders through a new national Research and Innovation Network for the Creative Economy. Scottish Games Industry network at Dundee, KTN Ltd (Creative Industries) and Digital Catapult are collaborating partners.

https://www.create.ac.uk/blog/2017/04/05/cin-launch/

Funding body: AHRC/EPSRC/ESRC

Title: CREATe: RCUK Centre for Copyright & New Business Models in the Creative Economy

Reference: AH/K000179/1

Commitment: Director/PI

Dates: October 2012-December 2017

Amount awarded: £4,164,478 (£5m fEC)

Project summary

The CREATe (www.create.ac.uk) award funded a large interdisciplinary centre investigating copyright and digital innovation. The Centre was supported initially by £5m fEC over five years (2012-2017) from the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC). The research programme was designed in collaboration with the Intellectual Property Office, Nesta, Technology Strategy Board and the UK cultural and creative industries. 60 projects were delivered by a Consortium spanning law, economics, management, computer science, sociology, psychology, ethnography and critical studies, linking seven interrelated themes: (i) Good, Bad and Emergent Business Models; (ii) Openness and Open Business Models; (iii) Regulation and Enforcement; (iv) Creative Practice and the Creative Environment; (v) Intermediaries and Platforms; (vi) User Creation, User Behaviour and Community Norms; and, (vii) Human Rights and the Public Interest. CREATe is based at the University of Glasgow, leading a consortium of seven Universities (University of East Anglia, University of Edinburgh, Goldsmiths University of London, University of Nottingham, University of St. Andrews and University of Strathclyde) and further projects awarded under devolved funding at Bath Spa University, Bournemouth University, University of Cambridge, University of Kent, Queen Mary University of London, University of Oxford, Queen’s University Belfast and Leeds University.

Funding body: ESRC (match funded by UK Intellectual Property Office)

Title: The Value of Public Domain Works

Reference: ES/K008137/1

Applicants: M. Kretschmer (PI), K. Erickson, F. Homberg, D. Mendis

Dates: September 2013-January 2015

Amount awarded: 42,900 ESRC (80% fEC) + £52,000 IPO (100% fEC)

Project summary

The creative process within media firms is often characterised as a binary choice between licensing existing intellectual property or creating new intellectual property owned by the business. However, a third possibility exists, which is that creators draw upon material in the public domain, such as stories and ideas that are not protected by copyright. In the 2011 Review of Intellectual Property for the UK government, Ian Hargreaves suggested that “unduly rigid application of copyright law” may “block innovation” and “hamper growth”. The greater availability of creative material may indeed provide greater opportunities for the UK media sector and particularly SMEs. While this claim is theoretically plausible, there have been few empirical studies of value creation from a public domain perspective. It is the aim of this project to create a foundation for assessing the economic and social value that use of materials at the margins of copyright law brings to the UK economy.

https://www.create.ac.uk/valuing-the-public-domain-resource-page/

Funding body: Digital Catapult

Title: CopyrightUser.org

CREATe researcher in residence at Digital Catapult

Applicants: M. Kretschmer (PI), B. Meletti (named researcher)

Dates: September 2015-August 2016

Amount awarded: £25,000

Project summary

Placement support for the lead producer of CREATe portal CopyrightUser.org. Production of new content, engagement with Copyright Hub, engagement with user groups (publishing, music, film, games, archives sector).

Funding body: EPSRC

Title: Building Better Business Models: Capturing the Transformative Potential of the Digital Economy

Reference: EP/K039695/1

Applicants: C. Baden-Fuller (PI, CASS City University), Stefan Haefliger (Co-I, CASS City University, M. Kretschmer (Co-I), Mary Morgan (Co-I, LSE) Paul Nightingale (Co-I, SPRU Sussex), in collaboration with an international research team from leading business schools and social science departments located at Wharton, Grenoble, ETH Zurich

Dates: July 2013-June 2017

Amount awarded: £1m Consortium (fEC), of which £77K to University of Glasgow

Project summary

Sustainable advantage does not come from new technologies alone, but from better business models that are co-evolved and integrated with those technologies. We still do not properly understand which business models are best designed or adapted for any chosen technology, and what are the optimal timing and methods for integrating business model thinking into the technological trajectory, or whether (and how best) established business models might need to be fine-tuned – or even completely renewed – to align with new technologies as they emerge. The empirical work involves undertaking sector studies to examine the co-evolution of technology and business models across important economic sectors (such as software, digital entertainment, pharmaceuticals and satellites). We will document more than 50 cases of successful (and less successful) business model design and execution.

Funding body: AHRC

Title: Creative Economy Showcase

Reference: [n/a]

Applicants: M. Kretschmer (PI), Philip Schlesinger, Kris Erickson, Ronan Deazley

Dates: Exhibition London, King's Place, March 2014

Amount awarded: £10,000

Funding body: AHRC (match funded by University of Glasgow)

Title: CREATe Digital Platform Project

Reference: [n/a]

Applicants: M. Kretschmer (PI)

Dates: October 2013-September 2016

Amount awarded: £87,510 AHRC

Funding body: ESRC

Title: What constitutes evidence for copyright policy? (Symposium as a part of ESRC Social Science Festival)

Reference: RES-622-26-565

Applicants: M. Kretschmer, R. Towse

Dates: 8 November 2012

Amount awarded: £2,900

Funding body: UK Cabinet Office

Applicants: M. Kretschmer, S. Weston, J. Piesse

Title: Economic effects of mandating open standards in government IT (directly commissioned research contract)

Commitment: Co-I, co-author final report

Dates: March-August 2012

Amount awarded: £14,000

Project summary

The UK ICT Strategy, published on 30 March 2011, committed the Government to creating a common and secure IT infrastructure based on open standards. In Spring 2012, the Government consulted on options for mandating open standards for software interoperability, data and document formats. This research contributes to an impact assessment of the proposed policy by, (1) reviewing the evidence on the competition and innovation effects of standardisation in IT systems, (2) assessing the regulatory constraints of mandating open standards under EU competition and procurement law, (3) considering certain options for the implementation of an open standards policy, and (4) evaluating the costs and benefits of specific aspects of these options for government departments, delivery partners and supply chains.

Funding body: UK Intellectual Property Office (IPO)

Applicants: F. Homberg, D. Secchi, D. Mendis, M. Kretschmer

Title: Policy making for the treatment of orphan works under UK copyright law (Hargreaves Review Implementation, tendered research contract)

Reference: CT-RES-006(b)

Commitment: Co-I, co-author final report

Dates: May 2012-April 2013

Amount awarded: £38,000

Project summary

Two components.

(A): Comparative review of orphan works regulation, tariffs and processes in Canada, Denmark, France, Hungary, Japan, and the US, including simulated right clearance for –

1. Historical geographic maps for a video game for mobile phones (up to 50 maps)

2. A vintage postcard collection for web publication and eventual sale of prints (up to 50 cards)
3. National folk tune recordings for multimedia/teaching (DVD) (up to 50)
4. Re-issuing a 1960/70s TV series as part of a digital on-demand service (one series)
5. Mass digitization of photographs by a public non-profit institution, with possible sale of prints (above 100.000 items)
6. Mass digitization of books by a private for-profit institution, with possible sale of books (above 100.000 items)

(B): Experiments, exploring user responses to pricing of products with different copyright characteristics (medium/authorship). The experiments will be able to control some of the variables involved in price definition.

Funding body: UK Intellectual Property Office (IPO)

Applicants: K. Erickson, M. Kretschmer, D. Mendis

Title: Economic effects of introducing an exception for parody and pastiche into UK copyright law (Hargreaves Review Implementation, tendered research contract)

Reference: CT-RES-006

Commitment: Co-I, co-author final report

Dates: January-May 2012

Amount awarded: £16,000

Project summary

Study I presents new empirical data about the rate and kind of parody content production on the online video platform YouTube (1,845 user-generated music video parodies relating to the top-100 charting music singles in the UK for the year 2011), and their impact on commercial exploitation of original works where they can be considered to be part of the same market. Study II distils regulatory options for a parody exception from a comparative review of seven jurisdictions. A synoptic document examines the likely impact of policy options identified in Study II on the empirical sample gathered in Study I.

Funding body: Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC)

Applicant: M. Kretschmer

Title: Comparative study of copyright levies (ESRC Fellow at UK Intellectual Property Office)

Reference: RES-173-27-0220

Commitment: PI, Placement Fellow (50%)

Dates: academic year 2010/11

Amount awarded: £43,018

Outcome: Report to IPO ‘Private Copying and Fair Compensation’ (cited in Hargreaves Review of IP & Growth May 2011; government’s response to Hargreaves August 2011, and IPO impact assessment December 2011); programme of knowledge transfer with IPO; presentations to policy makers at Brussels (Bruegel), Geneva (WIPO), Washington DC (SERCI).

Project summary

The placement fellowship in the Intellectual Property Office examined (i) the economics of different types of pricing (e.g. percentage of revenue, percentage of retail price, per user fee), (ii) issues arising from tax points (e.g. copying media, equipment, traffic), (iii) issues arising from distribution schemes (e.g. between various categories of legal rights, between authors and publishers, between major and minor earners, effects of earning thresholds) and (iv) crossborder trade effects of levy schemes.

Funding body: Intellectual Property Foresight Forum (AHRC funded)

Applicants: M. Kretschmer

Title: Copyright term reversion

Commitment: IP Foresight Forum consultation response to Hargreaves Review of IP & Growth (drafter)

Dates: March 2011

Amount awarded: £2,000

Outcome: Presented in European Parliament Hearing: The Future of Copyright in the Digital Era (1 June 2011); revised version published in International Journal of Music Business Research

Funding body: UK Strategic Advisory Board for IP Policy (SABIP)

Applicants: M. Kretschmer, E. Derclaye (Nottingham), R. Watt (Canterbury, NZ)

Title: The Relationship between Copyright and Contract Law

Commitment: consortium coordinator (PI), editor final report

Dates: August 2009-March 2010

Amount awarded: £10,222

Outcome: Policy workshop (March 2010), publication of report (172pp, July 2010), reported on Out-law.com (16/07/10), The Register (19/07/10), IPKat (12 & 19/07/10)

Project summary

Under a tender procedure, CIPPM became a preferred supplier of research services to the UK Strategic Advisory Board for Intellectual Property Policy (SABIP) in Spring 2009. In August, SABIP commissioned a review on the relationship of copyright and contract law from a consortium.

Abstract: Contracts lie at the heart of the regulatory system governing the creation and dissemination of cultural products in two respects: (1) The exclusive rights provided by copyright law only turn into financial reward, and thus incentives to creators, through a contract with a third party to exploit protected material. (2) From a user perspective purchases of protected material may take the form of a licensing contract, governing behaviour after the initial transaction. Thus, a review of the relationship between copyright and contract law has to address both supply- and demand-side issues. On the supply side, policy concerns include whether copyright law delivers the often stated aim of securing the financial independence of creators. Particularly acute are the complaints by both creators and producers that they fail to benefit from the exponential increase in the availability of copyright materials on the Internet. On the demand side, the issue of copyright exceptions and their policy justification has become central to a number of reviews and consultations dealing with digital content. Are exceptions based on user needs or market failure? Do exceptions require financial compensation? Can exceptions be contracted out by licence agreements? This report (i) reviews economic theory of contracts, value chains and transaction costs, (ii) identifies a comprehensive range of regulatory options relating to creator and user contracts, using an international comparative approach, (iii) surveys the empirical evidence on the effects of regulatory intervention, and (iv) where no evidence is available, extrapolates predicted effects from theory.

Funding body: Design & Artists Copyright Society (DACS)

Applicants: M. Kretschmer, L. Bently (Cambridge)

Title: Publishing contracts of artists and visual creators

Commitment: joint project director (PI), 2 research assistants (E. Cooper; S. Singh)

Dates: October 2009-December 2010

Amount awarded: £23,000

Project summary

Following the model of the influential ALCS project on literary authors (see below), contractual trends and earnings of artists and visual creators are captured, using a survey methodology.

Funding body: Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC)

Applicants: M. Kretschmer, J. Wardle (BU Media School), S. Singh (BU Business School)

Title: The Exploitation of Television Formats in Emerging Markets: Intellectual property and non-law based strategies

Reference: RES-186-27-0012

Commitment: project director (PI), 1 business fellow

Dates: October 2008-July 2009

Amount awarded: £32,000 (16K ESRC, 16K in kind FremantleMedia)

Outcome: (i) Digital resource http://televisionformats.bournemouth.ac.uk; (ii) dissemination seminar hosted by FremantleMedia, London on 16 June 2009 (oversubscribed with more than forty delegates from TV production companies, government officials, city lawyers, and academics – various media reports); (iii) conference paper at ISHTIP Milan (26-27 June 2009)

Project summary

Television formats (such as Big Brother, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, Pop Idol or Strictly Come Dancing) have become a major export industry for Britain and the United States (who together account for nearly two thirds of all format hours broadcast annually worldwide). Yet, there is no such thing as a television format right under copyright law. Any producer is free to develop game, reality and talent shows that are based on similar ideas. This has created a paradox for programme developers and programme buyers: Why pay for a programme format if you can re-create it for free? This Business Placement project researched the use of legal (e.g. trade marks, know-how licences) and non-legal strategies (e.g. reputation networks, regional offices, branding) in the exploitation of television formats, in particular in relation to the major emerging markets (such as Eastern Europe, India and China). In close cooperation with the industry, the project has included (1) an interview based study at major international media fairs (MIPCOM and NATPE); (2) a case study of the exploitation of three successful television formats developed by FremantleMedia, one of the major UK independent television producers, and co-sponsor of the project.

Funding body: Arts & Humanities Research Council (AHRC)

Applicants: Prof. Lionel Bently (Cambridge) and M. Kretschmer

Title: Primary Sources on Copyright (1450-1900)

(Electronic Database of Historical Materials on Copyright from Five Key Jurisdictions)

Reference: RE / PID number: 127573 / AID Number: 112383

Commitment: joint project director (Co-I), 5 research fellows (Dr Oren Bracha; Dr R. Deazley, Dr F. Kawohl, Dr J. Kostylo, Dr F. Rideau), sub-editor (L. Sundqvist), consultants (Prof. M. Thaller, K. Hoehne; Universität Köln)

Dates: October 2005-July 2008 (final report October 2008)

Amount awarded: £292,000

Outcome: (i) Digital archive www.copyrighthistory.org; (ii) launch conference at Stationers’ Hall, London with 80 scholars from Australia, Austria, Germany, France, Holland, India, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Nigeria, Spain, Sweden, the UK and the US (19/20 March 2008); (iii) edited volume with papers from the conference (Privilege and Property: Essays on the History of Copyright, Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2010)

Project summary

Information norms (and in particular the laws of intellectual property) are constitutive of modern societies. An understanding of the sources of these norms is critical to understanding the scope and direction of current laws. The key historical materials on copyright derive from Italy (Venice), France, the UK, Germany and the United States. The project creates a free electronic archive of primary sources from the invention of the printing press (ca1450) to the Berne Convention (1886): in facsimile and transcription, translated and key word searchable. Editorial headnotes provide context.

Funding body: Authors’ Licensing and Collecting Society (ALCS)

Applicants: M. Kretschmer, P. Hardwick (Professor of Economics, Bournemouth)

Title: ‘Authors’ earnings from copyright and non-copyright sources: A comparative survey of 25,000 British and German writers’

Commitment: project director (PI), 2 research fellows (Dr M. Guirguis, Dr F. Kawohl)

Dates: November 2005-July 2007

Amount awarded: £58,000

Outcome: press conference March 2007, final report – reported in Guardian (10/03/07), Independent on Sunday (11/03/07), Outlaw.com (16/07/07), The Register (17/07/07)

Project summary

There are few studies on authors’ earnings. In particular, there are no systematic studies assessing the effects of the legal framework of copyright and contract law on authors’ income and professional decisions. The available data seem to indicate that (i) only a small percentage of authors reach ordinary living standards from copyright income; that (ii) earnings from non-copyright activities are an important source of income for many authors. It was the aim of the project

- to provide a transparent and reliable survey of authors’ earnings from copyright and non-copyright sources in Germany and the UK

- to provide a systematic comparison of the legal and institutional differences affecting authors’ earnings in Germany and the UK.

(a) Survey

Conduct a limited number of in depth interviews to generate working profiles of authors according to professional groups
Devise and pilot questionnaire
Perform survey by mailshot inserted into ALCS/VG Wort communication
Compute and analyse returns statistically
Triangulate results with ALCS/VG Wort distribution data

(b) Legal and institutional framework

Drawing on existing comparative studies and a collection of template publishing contracts, construct a taxonomy of the legal and institutional framework in Germany and UK. The aim is to capture the prevalent characteristics of copyright contracts and remuneration from secondary use for groups of authors (such as literary authors, journalist and academics, and also sub-groups such as novelists, playwrights, screen writers and translators)
Formulate hypotheses of links between the legal and institutional framework and authors’ earnings

Funding body: ESRC/AHRC

Applicants: A. Pratt (LSE); P. Jeffcutt (Queens, Belfast)

Title: Cultural Industries Seminar Network

Commitment: Organised and hosted seminar on ‘Intellectual Property and Cultural Production’

Date: 16 September 2005

Amount awarded: £1,500

Outcome: special issue (2009) Information, Communication & Society (ed. with A. Pratt)

Funding Body: European Commission

Applicant: Queen Mary Intellectual Property Research Institute

Title: EU PHARE twinning project with Latvia, ‘Protection of Intellectual Property Rights for Investment’:

Commitment: Leading activities 2, 3, 5: ‘Assessing the current and potential contribution of the creative, innovative and branded goods industries to the Latvian economy’

Dates: April - May 2005

Amount awarded: £8,500 (as sub-contract)

Outcome: author final report (with R. Deazley), June 2005; Latvia: Protection of Intellectual Property Rights for Investment (EU PHARE project), final report WG1 (needs analysis, case studies, findings, recommendations): pp. 1-25
Case Study 1: High Technology – Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis (IOS)
Case Study 2: Industrial Design – Furniture Design
Case Study 3: Creative Industries – Microphone Records, Micrec Publishing

Funding body: Social Science Research Council, New York

Applicant: M. Kretschmer

Title: Issue brief for research programme ‘Intellectual Property, Markets, and Cultural Flows’

Dates: November 2003

Amount awarded: $1,500

Funding body: Arts Council

Applicant: M. Kretschmer

Title: ‘Digital copyright and microdistribution in music and media arts’

Commitment: project director (PI), 1 research assistant (Dr F. Kawohl)

Dates: September 2003 - January 2004

Amount awarded: £5,000

Outcome: author final report, submitted January 2004; several papers (see list)

Funding body: Swiss Federal Institute for IP

Applicants: M. Kretschmer, P. Hardwick (Bournemouth)

Title: ‘Economics of Geographical Indications under the WTO’

Commitment: project director (PI), 1 research assistant (J. Denoncourt LLM)

Dates: April - July 2003

Amount awarded: £14,000

Funding body: Leverhulme Trust

Applicant: R. Soetendorp (Bournemouth)

Title: held position Leverhulme Senior Lecturer on project ‘Innovative Teaching in Intellectual Property’ (grant no. F801)

Dates: July 1999 - July 2001

Time commitment: 2 years full-time

Amount awarded: £80,000

Outcome: co-author final report, submitted 2002

Funding body: ESRC

Applicants: R. Wallis, C.J. Choi (City University Business School)

Title: Principal researcher on project ‘Globalisation, Technology and Creativity: Current trends in the music industry’ (grant no. L126251003)

Dates: 1996-1999

Amount awarded: £220,000

Outcome: co-author final report: ‘Globalisation, Technology & the Music Industry: Current Trends and Implications for Creativity and (e)Business in the Digital Environment’, published by City University Business School August 1999 – reported in Economist, Financial Times

Funding body: Design Council

Applicant: C. Baden-Fuller (City University Business School)

Title: Case study researcher, ‘The Value of the Design Approach in Newly Emerging Products, Firms and Markets: Cases from Financial Services, Biotechnology and Multimedia’

Dates: 1999

Amount awarded: part of £120,000

Outcome: co-author final report, submitted July 1999

Supervision

Research students under supervision

PhD projects are linked to the work of the CREATe Centre. They typically include an empirical component, and are often co-supervised with another academic School, Department or external Research Organisation.

Andrew (nee Collins), Louise Jane
Working Title: Driving necessary innovation or “Generally Inconvenient”: Do patents help or hinder meeting the challenges of modern global crises? What proposals, if any, might we make for change in the United Kingdom and in an international context
Cifrodelli, Gabriele
Breaking the ‘vicious cycle’: an Open Knowledge approach to regulating AI contribution in drug discovery and development.
Iramina, Aline
Copyright Governance by Algorithms: Towards a More Transparent Regime?
Kurt, Seher
Exploring digital authoritarianism in democracies through social media management
Mahapatra, Phalguni
Copyright Users Rights and Contractual Override
Sangaré, Joséphine
Public Private Partnerships in Cyber Capacity Building
Yi, Weiwei
“How free is free-to-play?”: Regulating Dark Design Patterns in video games through the EU Data regulations (GDPR, DSA, AIA)

Recent PhD completions include:

Methinee Suwannakit (2023) The protection of privacy and private information in the digital age: a comparative study of English and Thai law applying to individual media users (Lecturer Faculty of Law, Naresuan University, Thailand)

Jie Liu (2023) Institutional transplantation and its aftermath: a socio-legal analysis of the bureaucratic model of copyright collective management organisations in China

Joshua Yuvaraj (2022) Back to the start: re-envisioning the role of reversion in Australia’s copyright regime (collaboration with Prof. Rebecca Giblin, Monash and Melbourne Universities; since 2022, Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law, University of Auckland, New Zealand)

Jiarong Zhang (2022) ‘Hierarchy of Protection’ and ‘Hierarchy of Culture’: What are the Effects of Copyright Law on Traditional Music (since 2022, Assistant Professor in Intellectual Property Law at Trinity College Dublin)

Amy Thomas (2022) The copyright user: a socio-legal enquiry (since 2021, Lecturer in IP and Information Law, Glasgow University)

Janet Burgess (2021) Amateur musicians’ awareness, perceptions and application of copyright law: where (and why) social and commercial priorities diverge (Network Officer, Intellectual Property Awareness Network – IPAN: http://ipaware.org/)

Jaakko Miettinen (2019) - Creative output in a market context (jointly with Dept. of Economics, Adam Smith Business School, University of Glasgow)

Victoria Stobo (2018) - ‘Archives, Digitisation & Copyright’ (jointly with digital humanities, Dept. of Information Studies; since 2018 Lecturer in Archive Studies, Liverpool University)

Andrea Wallace (2018) - ‘Claiming Surrogate IP Rights: When Cultural Institutions Repossess the Public Domain’ (jointly with National Library of Scotland; since 2017 Andrea is a Lecturer in Law at Exeter University)

Kenneth Barr (2017) - ‘Music copyright in the digital age: creators, commerce and copyright- an empirical study of the UK music copyright industries’ (Lord Kelvin Adam Smith bursary, jointly with Dept. of Music; since 2017 Kenny is a postdoctoral research at the Centre for Cultural Policy Research, University of Glasgow)

Megan Blakeley (2017) - ‘Culture, Heritage, and Intellectual Property: Successes and Sacrifices in Leveraging Gaelic Cultural Nationalism for Economic Development’ (since 2016 Megan has been a Lecturer in Law at Lancaster University: http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/law/people/megan-blakely)

Sheona Burrow (2017) - ‘Access to Justice in the Small Claims Track of the Intellectual Property Enterprise Court (IPEC): An Empirical Enquiry into Use by Creative SMEs’ (since 2017 Sheona is in-house solicitor at a London firm and CREATe postdoctoral fellow)

Additional information

External Responsibilities

Advisory committees: UK Intellectual Property Office (IPO) Research Expert Advisory Group (2014–); AHRC China Centre for Digital Copyright and IP (2015–17); Digital Catapult Advisory Group (2013–16); UK IPO Copyright Expert Advisory Group CREAG (2011–14); UK-SCL Steering Group (open access initiative 2017–); Learning on Screen Copyright Advisory Board (2018–2023)

Scientific boards: Member of European Copyright Society (2015–, chair 2024/25); Managing board, Internet Policy Review (2014–); Advisory board, Int. Association of Music Business Research (2009–14); Executive board, International Society for the History & Theory of Intellectual Property (ISHTIP) (2008–); Board, European Policy for IP Association (EPIP) (2014–, president 2015/16)

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Professor Martin Kretschmer

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