Professor Patrick Bayer

  • Professor of Political Economy (Political & International Studies)

telephone: 0141 330 6196
email: Patrick.Bayer@glasgow.ac.uk
pronouns: He/him/his

Import to contacts

ORCID iDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270

Biography

I am Professor of Political Economy and Research Director of the Division in Political and International Studies in the School of Social and Political Sciences at the University of Glasgow. I am affiliated with the Global Sustainable Development theme at Glasgow’s Advanced Research Centre (ARC) and the Climate Social Science Network (CSSN) at Brown University. I serve as a Steering Group Member of the Environmental Politics and Governance (EPG) network and was Conference Chair for EPG’s 9th Annual Conference in Glasgow in 2023. I was recently appointed as Associate Deputy Editor for the journal Climatic Change.

My website is available here: https://www.patrickbayer.com/

 

 

Research interests

My research focuses on international cooperation and the political economy of environmental regulation and climate politics. I am particularly interested in how the domestic and international political economy together with political incentives shape governments’, firms’, and individuals’ responses to climate change and the global energy transition. Currently, I study the politics of carbon markets, firms’ commitments to corporate decarbonisation, and the distributional effects of climate policy. I also lead an ESRC-funded project on the role of science in international climate cooperation.

Research groups

Publications

List by: Type | Date

Jump to: 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013
Number of items: 30.

2025

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 and Genovese, Federica (2025) Climate policy costs, regional politics and backlash against international cooperation. British Journal of Political Science, (Accepted for Publication)

2024

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Crippa, Lorenzo, Hughes, Hannah and Hermansen, Erlend (2024) Government participation in virtual negotiations: Evidence from IPCC approval sessions. Climatic Change, 177, 132. (doi: 10.1007/s10584-024-03790-7)

Bayer, P. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 and Schaffer, L.M. (2024) Distributional consequences shape public support for the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism: evidence from four European countries. Environmental Research Letters, 19(8), 084040. (doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5743)

2023

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 (2023) Foreignness as an asset: European carbon regulation and the relocation threat among multinational firms. Journal of Politics, 85(4), pp. 1291-1304. (doi: 10.1086/724963)

Aklin, Michael and Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 (2023) The politics of sustainability: energy efficiency, carbon pricing, and the circular economy. In: Scholten, Daniel (ed.) Handbook of Geopolitics of the Energy Transition. Edward Elgar: Cheltenham. (Accepted for Publication)

2020

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 and Genovese, Federica (2020) Beliefs about consequences from climate action under weak climate institutions: sectors, home bias, and international embeddedness. Global Environmental Politics, 20(4), pp. 28-50. (doi: 10.1162/glep_a_00577)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 and Aklin, Michaël (2020) The European Union Emissions Trading System reduced CO2 emissions despite low prices. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(16), pp. 8804-8812. (doi: 10.1073/pnas.1918128117) (PMID:32253304)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Kennedy, Ryan, Yang, Joonseok and Urpelainen, Johannes (2020) The need for impact evaluation in electricity access research. Energy Policy, 137, 111099. (doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111099)

2019

Hamburger, David, Jaeger, Joel, Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Kennedy, Ryan, Yang, Joonseok and Urpelainen, Johannes (2019) Shades of darkness or light? A systematic review of geographic bias in impact evaluations of electricity access. Energy Research and Social Science, 58, 101236. (doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2019.101236)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 and Ovodenko, Alexander (2019) Many voices in the room: a national survey experiment on how framing changes views toward fracking in the United States. Energy Research and Social Science, 56, 101213. (doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2019.05.023)

2018

Aklin, Michael, Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Harish, S.P. and Urpelainen, Johannes (2018) Escaping the Energy Poverty Trap: When and How Governments Power the Lives of the Poor. MIT Press: Cambridge, MA. ISBN 9780262038799

Aklin, M., Bayer, P. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Harish, S.P. and Urpelainen, J. (2018) Economics of household technology adoption in developing countries: evidence from solar technology adoption in rural India. Energy Economics, 72, pp. 35-46. (doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2018.02.011)

2017

Aklin, Michaël, Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Harish, S.P. and Urpelainen, Johannes (2017) Does basic energy access generate socioeconomic benefits? A field experiment with off-grid solar power in India. Science Advances, 3(5), e1602153. (doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1602153)

2016

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 and Urpelainen, Johannes (2016) It is all about political incentives: democracy and the renewable feed-in tariff. Journal of Politics, 78(2), pp. 603-619. (doi: 10.1086/684791)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Urpelainen, Johannes and Xu, Alice (2016) Explaining differences in sub-national patterns of clean technology transfer to China and India. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 16(2), pp. 261-283. (doi: 10.1007/s10784-014-9257-2)

2015

Aklin, Michaël, Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Harish, S.P. and Urpelainen, Johannes (2015) The political economy of energy access: Survey evidence from India on state intervention and public opinion. Energy Research and Social Science, 10, pp. 250-258. (doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2015.07.006)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Marcoux, Christopher and Urpelainen, Johannes (2015) When international organizations bargain: evidence from the global environment facility. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 59(6), pp. 1074-1100. (doi: 10.1177/0022002713520533)

Aklin, Michaël, Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Harish, S.P. and Urpelainen, Johannes (2015) Quantifying slum electrification in India and explaining local variation. Energy, 80, pp. 203-212. (doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.11.063)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Pinkerton, Valerie M. and Urpelainen, Johannes (2015) Small and beautiful? The programme of activities and the least developed countries. Climate and Development, 7(2), pp. 153-164. (doi: 10.1080/17565529.2014.900471)

2014

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Marcoux, Christopher and Urpelainen, Johannes (2014) Choosing international organizations: when do states and the World Bank collaborate on environmental projects? Review of International Organizations, 9(4), pp. 413-440. (doi: 10.1007/s11558-013-9184-y)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Urpelainen, Johannes and Xu, Alice (2014) Laissez faire and the Clean Development Mechanism: determinants of project implementation in Indian states, 2003–2011. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 16(8), pp. 1687-1701. (doi: 10.1007/s10098-014-0746-3)

Aklin, Michaël, Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Harish, S.P. and Urpelainen, Johannes (2014) Information and energy policy preferences: a survey experiment on public opinion about electricity pricing reform in rural India. Economics of Governance, 15(4), pp. 305-327. (doi: 10.1007/s10101-014-0146-5)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 and Urpelainen, Johannes (2014) Does it pay to play? How bargaining shapes donor participation in the funding of environmental protection. Strategic Behavior and the Environment, 4(3), pp. 263-290. (doi: 10.1561/102.00000046)

Aklin, Michaël, Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Harish, S.P. and Urpelainen, Johannes (2014) Who blames corruption for the poor enforcement of environmental laws? Survey evidence from Brazil. Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, 16(3), pp. 241-262. (doi: 10.1007/s10018-014-0076-z)

2013

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Marcoux, Christopher and Urpelainen, Johannes (2013) Leveraging private capital for climate mitigation: evidence from the clean development mechanism. Ecological Economics, 96, pp. 14-24. (doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.09.008)

Aklin, Michaël, Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Harish, S.P. and Urpelainen, Johannes (2013) Understanding environmental policy preferences: new evidence from Brazil. Ecological Economics, 94, pp. 28-36. (doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.05.012)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Dolan, Lindsay and Urpelainen, Johannes (2013) Global patterns of renewable energy innovation, 1990–2009. Energy for Sustainable Development, 17(3), pp. 288-295. (doi: 10.1016/j.esd.2013.02.003)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Urpelainen, Johannes and Wallace, Jeremy (2013) Who uses the Clean Development Mechanism? An empirical analysis of projects in Chinese provinces. Global Environmental Change, 23(2), pp. 512-521. (doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.002)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 and Urpelainen, Johannes (2013) External sources of clean technology: evidence from the clean development mechanism. Review of International Organizations, 8(1), pp. 81-109. (doi: 10.1007/s11558-012-9150-0)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 and Urpelainen, Johannes (2013) Funding global public goods: the dark side of multilateralism. Review of Policy Research, 30(2), pp. 160-189. (doi: 10.1111/ropr.12013)

This list was generated on Sun Jul 6 04:58:18 2025 BST.
Jump to: Articles | Books | Book Sections
Number of items: 30.

Articles

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 and Genovese, Federica (2025) Climate policy costs, regional politics and backlash against international cooperation. British Journal of Political Science, (Accepted for Publication)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Crippa, Lorenzo, Hughes, Hannah and Hermansen, Erlend (2024) Government participation in virtual negotiations: Evidence from IPCC approval sessions. Climatic Change, 177, 132. (doi: 10.1007/s10584-024-03790-7)

Bayer, P. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 and Schaffer, L.M. (2024) Distributional consequences shape public support for the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism: evidence from four European countries. Environmental Research Letters, 19(8), 084040. (doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5743)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 (2023) Foreignness as an asset: European carbon regulation and the relocation threat among multinational firms. Journal of Politics, 85(4), pp. 1291-1304. (doi: 10.1086/724963)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 and Genovese, Federica (2020) Beliefs about consequences from climate action under weak climate institutions: sectors, home bias, and international embeddedness. Global Environmental Politics, 20(4), pp. 28-50. (doi: 10.1162/glep_a_00577)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 and Aklin, Michaël (2020) The European Union Emissions Trading System reduced CO2 emissions despite low prices. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(16), pp. 8804-8812. (doi: 10.1073/pnas.1918128117) (PMID:32253304)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Kennedy, Ryan, Yang, Joonseok and Urpelainen, Johannes (2020) The need for impact evaluation in electricity access research. Energy Policy, 137, 111099. (doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111099)

Hamburger, David, Jaeger, Joel, Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Kennedy, Ryan, Yang, Joonseok and Urpelainen, Johannes (2019) Shades of darkness or light? A systematic review of geographic bias in impact evaluations of electricity access. Energy Research and Social Science, 58, 101236. (doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2019.101236)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 and Ovodenko, Alexander (2019) Many voices in the room: a national survey experiment on how framing changes views toward fracking in the United States. Energy Research and Social Science, 56, 101213. (doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2019.05.023)

Aklin, M., Bayer, P. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Harish, S.P. and Urpelainen, J. (2018) Economics of household technology adoption in developing countries: evidence from solar technology adoption in rural India. Energy Economics, 72, pp. 35-46. (doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2018.02.011)

Aklin, Michaël, Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Harish, S.P. and Urpelainen, Johannes (2017) Does basic energy access generate socioeconomic benefits? A field experiment with off-grid solar power in India. Science Advances, 3(5), e1602153. (doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1602153)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 and Urpelainen, Johannes (2016) It is all about political incentives: democracy and the renewable feed-in tariff. Journal of Politics, 78(2), pp. 603-619. (doi: 10.1086/684791)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Urpelainen, Johannes and Xu, Alice (2016) Explaining differences in sub-national patterns of clean technology transfer to China and India. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 16(2), pp. 261-283. (doi: 10.1007/s10784-014-9257-2)

Aklin, Michaël, Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Harish, S.P. and Urpelainen, Johannes (2015) The political economy of energy access: Survey evidence from India on state intervention and public opinion. Energy Research and Social Science, 10, pp. 250-258. (doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2015.07.006)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Marcoux, Christopher and Urpelainen, Johannes (2015) When international organizations bargain: evidence from the global environment facility. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 59(6), pp. 1074-1100. (doi: 10.1177/0022002713520533)

Aklin, Michaël, Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Harish, S.P. and Urpelainen, Johannes (2015) Quantifying slum electrification in India and explaining local variation. Energy, 80, pp. 203-212. (doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.11.063)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Pinkerton, Valerie M. and Urpelainen, Johannes (2015) Small and beautiful? The programme of activities and the least developed countries. Climate and Development, 7(2), pp. 153-164. (doi: 10.1080/17565529.2014.900471)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Marcoux, Christopher and Urpelainen, Johannes (2014) Choosing international organizations: when do states and the World Bank collaborate on environmental projects? Review of International Organizations, 9(4), pp. 413-440. (doi: 10.1007/s11558-013-9184-y)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Urpelainen, Johannes and Xu, Alice (2014) Laissez faire and the Clean Development Mechanism: determinants of project implementation in Indian states, 2003–2011. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 16(8), pp. 1687-1701. (doi: 10.1007/s10098-014-0746-3)

Aklin, Michaël, Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Harish, S.P. and Urpelainen, Johannes (2014) Information and energy policy preferences: a survey experiment on public opinion about electricity pricing reform in rural India. Economics of Governance, 15(4), pp. 305-327. (doi: 10.1007/s10101-014-0146-5)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 and Urpelainen, Johannes (2014) Does it pay to play? How bargaining shapes donor participation in the funding of environmental protection. Strategic Behavior and the Environment, 4(3), pp. 263-290. (doi: 10.1561/102.00000046)

Aklin, Michaël, Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Harish, S.P. and Urpelainen, Johannes (2014) Who blames corruption for the poor enforcement of environmental laws? Survey evidence from Brazil. Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, 16(3), pp. 241-262. (doi: 10.1007/s10018-014-0076-z)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Marcoux, Christopher and Urpelainen, Johannes (2013) Leveraging private capital for climate mitigation: evidence from the clean development mechanism. Ecological Economics, 96, pp. 14-24. (doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.09.008)

Aklin, Michaël, Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Harish, S.P. and Urpelainen, Johannes (2013) Understanding environmental policy preferences: new evidence from Brazil. Ecological Economics, 94, pp. 28-36. (doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.05.012)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Dolan, Lindsay and Urpelainen, Johannes (2013) Global patterns of renewable energy innovation, 1990–2009. Energy for Sustainable Development, 17(3), pp. 288-295. (doi: 10.1016/j.esd.2013.02.003)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Urpelainen, Johannes and Wallace, Jeremy (2013) Who uses the Clean Development Mechanism? An empirical analysis of projects in Chinese provinces. Global Environmental Change, 23(2), pp. 512-521. (doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.002)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 and Urpelainen, Johannes (2013) External sources of clean technology: evidence from the clean development mechanism. Review of International Organizations, 8(1), pp. 81-109. (doi: 10.1007/s11558-012-9150-0)

Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 and Urpelainen, Johannes (2013) Funding global public goods: the dark side of multilateralism. Review of Policy Research, 30(2), pp. 160-189. (doi: 10.1111/ropr.12013)

Books

Aklin, Michael, Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270, Harish, S.P. and Urpelainen, Johannes (2018) Escaping the Energy Poverty Trap: When and How Governments Power the Lives of the Poor. MIT Press: Cambridge, MA. ISBN 9780262038799

Book Sections

Aklin, Michael and Bayer, Patrick ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-1270 (2023) The politics of sustainability: energy efficiency, carbon pricing, and the circular economy. In: Scholten, Daniel (ed.) Handbook of Geopolitics of the Energy Transition. Edward Elgar: Cheltenham. (Accepted for Publication)

This list was generated on Sun Jul 6 04:58:18 2025 BST.

Grants

Ongoing funded projects

  • ESRC (1/2022-6/2025). The Politics of Science in International Climate Cooperation (ES/W001373/2). PI, £499,935.

Previously funded project

  • British Academy/Leverhulme Small Grant (5/2022-10/2023). How Credible are Firms’ Voluntary Climate Commitments? An Empirical Analysis of Corporate Climate Action (SG2122/210041). PI, £9,250.
  • Carnegie Trust Research Incentive Grant (6/2021-6/2022): The Sectoral Politics of Climate Policy: Domestic Conflict and UK Public Support for Ambitious Climate Action (RIG009238). PI, £14,125.
  • British Academy/Leverhulme Small Grant (1/2018-3/2019): The Effectiveness of Carbon Markets in Europe, 2005-2012 (SG171349). PI, £7,813.

  • Resources for the Future (8/2015-7/2016). John V. Krutilla Research Stipend: The Local Economics and Politics of Shale Gas Energy in the US. Co-I (with Alexander Ovodenko), $5,500.

  • German Research Foundation (9/2014-8/2018): The Domestic Foundation of Governmental Preferences over European Politics. Co-I (with Thomas König), €408,000.

  • International Growth Center (11/2013-5/2015): Rural Electrification with Off-Grid Community Microgrids: An Impact Evaluation in Uttar Pradesh. Co-I (with Michael Aklin, S.P. Harish, and Johannes Urpelainen), £26,653.

Supervision

I am more than happy to supervise undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral studends who are interested in the politics of climate change, environmental regulation, and the energy transition. My research approach is rooted in theories of political economy with an emphasis on quantitative, experimental, and formal methods.

Teaching

My teaching involves classes on international organizations and global climate politics.

Professional activities & recognition

Prizes, awards & distinctions

  • 2021: STEP Emerging Young Scholar Award (American Political Science Association)

Grant committees & research advisory boards

  • 2018: Environmental Politics and Governance (EPG) Network, Executive Committee

Editorial boards

  • 2021 - 2025: Cambridge Univ. Press
  • 2021: Institute for Replication (I4R)

Research datasets

Jump to: 2022 | 2020 | 2019
Number of items: 3.

2022

Bayer, P. (2022) Replication Data for: Foreignness as an Asset: European Carbon Regulation and the Relocation Threat among Multinational Firms. [Data Collection]

2020

Bayer, P. and Aklin, M. (2020) Replication Data for: "The European Union Emissions Trading System reduced CO2 emissions despite low prices". [Data Collection]

2019

Bayer, P. (2019) European Union Sectoral Emissions Data (EUSED): Data and Codebook. [Data Collection]

This list was generated on Sun Jul 6 04:58:19 2025 BST.

Professor Patrick Bayer on Bluesky