Complexity in Health
Our Complexity in health programme develops and applies research methods that are designed for understanding the variety of interdependent factors that shape the impact of interventions and policies that aim to improve health and to reduce health inequalities.
Public health interventions, whose mechanisms rely solely on human agency, often fail to bring about sustained improvement in health, and may increase social inequalities in health.
Strategies are more likely to be effective if underpinned by explicit theoretical frameworks and perspectives that take account of context and complexity. These include the socio-ecological model, complex systems theory and realist evaluation which highlights the need to not just identify ‘what works’ but ‘what works, for whom, under what circumstances and why’.
Our programme has four overlapping workstreams: Modelling Complex Systems, Schools and Educational Settings, Methods Development and Translation, and Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions.
Our programme aims to lead international efforts in the application and dissemination of novel methods to identify the most effective means to improve population health and to reduce inequalities. We work to create a world-class, collaborative environment to support the successful implementation of translational research in public health improvement.
Our objectives are to:
- Develop and translate methods and processes that support the involvement of stakeholders in all stages of development, evaluation and implementation.
- Develop and normalise a wider range of approaches to evaluation, including complex systems approaches and other methods more suited to the evaluation of meso-, macro- and multi-level interventions.
- Develop and apply agent based models to a range of public health issues including social care, welfare reform and place-based health.
- Develop and evaluate complex interventions, particularly focusing on healthy ageing, adolescent health and educational settings.
Publications
Almagor, J. and Picascia, S. (2020) Exploring the effectiveness of a COVID-19 contact tracing app using an agent-based model. Scientific Reports, 10, 22235. (doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79000-y) (PMID:33335125) (PMCID:PMC7746740)
Bonell, C. et al. (2013) The effects of the school environment on student health: A systematic review of multi-level studies. Health and Place, 21, pp. 180-191. (doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.12.001) (PMID:23501377)
Katikireddi, S. V. (2017) Counting the cost of alcohol: what you measure will shape the policy response. Addiction, 112(4), pp. 568-569. (doi: 10.1111/add.13674) (PMID:27914104)
Maguire, L. K., Niens, U., Mccann, M. and Connolly, P. (2016) Emotional development among early school-age children: gender differences in the role of problem behaviours. Educational Psychology, 36(8), pp. 1408-1428. (doi: 10.1080/01443410.2015.1034090) (PMID:27570322) (PMCID:PMC4975098)
Simpson, S. A. et al. (2020) An app, web and social support based weight loss intervention for adults with obesity: the ‘HelpMeDoIt!’ feasibility randomised controlled trial. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 6, 133. (doi: 10.1186/s40814-020-00656-4) (PMID:32968544) (PMCID:PMC7501712)
Hawkins, J. et al. (2017) Protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial of the use of Physical ACtivity monitors in an Exercise Referral Setting: The PACERS study. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 3, 51. (doi: 10.1186/s40814-017-0194-z) (PMID:29238607) (PMCID:PMC5725949)
Lachman, J. M. , Wamoyi, J., Spreckelsen, T. F. , Wight, D. , Maganga, J. and Gardner, F. (2020) Combining parenting and economic strengthening programmes to reduce violence against children: a cluster randomised controlled trial with predominantly male caregivers in rural Tanzania caregivers. BMJ Global Health, 5, e002349. (doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002349) (PMID:32641291) (PMCID:PMC7348478)
Katikireddi, S. V. , Niedzwiedz, C. L. and Popham, F. (2016) Employment status and income as potential mediators of educational inequalities in population mental health. European Journal of Public Health, 26(5), pp. 814-816. (doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw126) (PMID:27593454) (PMCID:PMC5054277)
Johnstone, A. , Hughes, A., Martin, A. and Reilly, J. (2018) Utilising active play interventions to promote physical activity and improve fundamental movement skills in children. BMC Public Health, 18, 789. (doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5687-z) (PMID:29940923) (PMCID:PMC6019649)
Marquez, J., Inchley, J. and Long, E. (2022) Cross-country and gender differences in factors associated with population-level declines in adolescent life satisfaction. Child Indicators Research, 15(4), pp. 1405-1428. (doi: 10.1007/s12187-022-09930-8)
Mccann, M. , Broccatelli, C., Moore, L. and Mitchell, K. (2018) Distribution of Sexual Health Knowledge and Attitudes in Adolescent Social Networks: Social Network Analysis of Data from the STIs and Sexual Health Feasibility Study. Lancet Public Health Science 2018, Belfast, UK, 23 Nov 2018. S60. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32047-6)
Afshin, A. et al. (2017) Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. New England Journal of Medicine, 377(1), pp. 13-27. (doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1614362) (PMID:28604169) (PMCID:PMC5477817)
McMellon, C. and Maclachlan, A. (2021) Young people's rights and mental health during a pandemic: an analysis of the impact of emergency legislation in Scotland. Young, 29(4_supp), S11-S34. (doi: 10.1177/11033088211032783)
Farooq, A., Martin, A. , Janssen, X., Wilson, M., Gibson, A.-M., Hughes, A. and Reilly, J. J. (2019) Longitudinal changes in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews, (doi: 10.1111/obr.12953) (PMID:31646739) (PMCID:PMC6916562)
Hilton Boon, M. , Craig, P. , Thomson, H. , Campbell, M. and Moore, L. (2021) Regression discontinuity designs in health: a systematic review. Epidemiology, 32(1), pp. 87-93. (doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001274) (PMID:33196561) (PMCID:PMC7707156)
Purcell, C. , Smillie, S. , Hilton Boon, M. , Simpson, S. A. and Taylor, R. S. (2021) Effectiveness of social network interventions to support cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention in the management of people with heart disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020(12), CD013820. (doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013820)
Shenderovich, Y., Sacolo-Gwebu, H., Fang, Z., Lachman, J. , Cluver, L. and Ward, C. (2023) Adaptations and staff experiences in delivering parenting programmes and other family support services in three community-based organisations in Cape Town, South Africa during the COVID pandemic. Global Public Health, (doi: 10.1080/17441692.2022.2129725) (Early Online Publication)
McCartney, G. et al. (2016) Explaining trends in alcohol-related harms in Scotland, 1991–2011 (I): the role of incomes, effects of socio-economic and political adversity and demographic change. Public Health, 132, pp. 13-23. (doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.12.013) (PMID:26917268)
Segrott, J., Rothwell, H., Hewitt, G., Playle, R., Huang, C., Murphy, S., Moore, L. , Hickman, M. and Reed, H. (2015) Preventing alcohol misuse in young people: an exploratory cluster randomised controlled trial of the Kids, Adults Together (KAT) programme. Public Health Research, 3(15), pp. 1-188. (doi: 10.3310/phr03150) (PMID:26632630)
Hawkins, J. et al. (2019) Acceptability and feasibility of implementing accelorometry-based activity monitors and a linked web portal in an exercise referral scheme: feasibility randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(3), e12374. (doi: 10.2196/12374) (PMID:30924791) (PMCID:PMC6460312)
Boydell, N. , Fergie, G. , Hilton, S. and McDaid, L. (2015) “… Giving Something back to the Gay Community by Taking Part”: Gay and Bisexual Men’s Understandings of Participation in Behavioural Research. BASHH Spring Conference 2015, Glasgow, UK, 1-3 June 2015. A79. (doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052126.233)
Wight, D. , Sekiwunga, R., Namutebi, C., Zalwango, F. and Siu, G. E. (2022) A Ugandan parenting programme to prevent gender-based violence: description and formative evaluation. Research on Social Work Practice, 32(4), pp. 448-464. (doi: 10.1177/10497315211056246) (PMID:35431527) (PMCID:PMC7612614)
Thomson, M. , Martin, A. , Logue, J. , Wells, V. and Simpson, S. A. (2020) Barriers and facilitators of successful weight loss during participation in behavioural weight management programmes: A protocol for a systematic review. Systematic Reviews, 9, 168. (doi: 10.1186/s13643-020-01427-1) (PMID:32731884) (PMCID:PMC7393897)
Holliday, J., Audrey, S., Campbell, R. and Moore, L. (2016) Identifying well-connected opinion leaders for informal health promotion: the example of the ASSIST smoking prevention program. Health Communication, 31(8), pp. 946-953. (doi: 10.1080/10410236.2015.1020264) (PMID:26699125) (PMCID:PMC4898141)
Matthews, L. et al. (2017) Study protocol for the ‘HelpMeDoIt!’ randomised controlled feasibility trial: an app, web and social support based weight loss intervention for adults with obesity. BMJ Open, 7(10), e017159. (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017159) (PMID:29074513) (PMCID:PMC5665248)
Silverman, E. , Gostoli, U. , Picascia, S. , Almagor, J. , McCann, M. , Shaw, R. and Angione, C. (2021) Situating agent-based modelling in population health research. Emerging Themes in Epidemiology, 18, 10. (doi: 10.1186/s12982-021-00102-7) (PMID:34330302) (PMCID:PMC8325181)
Smith, M. J. , Katikireddi, S. V. , Skivington, K. and Hilton, S. (2023) Contextual influences on the role evidence in e-cigarette recommendations: a multi-method analysis of international and nation recommendations. Evidence and Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice, (doi: 10.1332/174426421X16711062023280) (Early Online Publication)
Thomson, H. and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, (2014) Housing improvement and home safety. Effectiveness Matters,
Shenderovich, Y. et al. (2021) The science of scale for violence prevention: a new agenda for family strengthening in low- and middle-income countries. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 581440. (doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.581440) (PMID:33869123) (PMCID:PMC8044965)
Martin, M., Steele, B., Lachman, J. M. and Gardner, F. (2021) Measures of facilitator competent adherence used in parenting programs and their psychometric properties: a systematic review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 24(4), pp. 834-853. (doi: 10.1007/s10567-021-00350-8) (PMID:34021442) (PMCID:PMC8541983)
Segrott, J., Rothwell, H., Pignatelli, I., Playle, R., Hewitt, G., Huang, C., Murphy, S., Hickman, M., Reed, H. and Moore, L. (2016) Exploratory trial of a school-based alcohol prevention intervention with a family component. Health Education, 116(4), pp. 410-431. (doi: 10.1108/HE-01-2015-0005)
Huggins, C. F. et al. (2022) TeenCovidLife: a resource to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents in Scotland. Wellcome Open Research, 6, 277. (doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17252.2) (PMID:35999909) (PMCID:PMC9360910)
Smith, M. and Hilton, S. (2022) Global regulatory approaches towards e-cigarettes, key arguments, and approaches pursued. In: Hoe, V. and Wong, L. P. (eds.) E-cigarettes and Health. IntechOpen. (doi: 10.5772/intechopen.107343) (Early Online Publication)
Gold, N., Yau, A., Rigby, B. , Dyke, C., Remfry, E. A. and Chadborn, T. (2021) Effectiveness of digital interventions for reducing behavioral risks of cardiovascular disease in nonclinical adult populations: systematic review of reviews. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(5), e19688. (doi: 10.2196/19688) (PMID:33988126) (PMCID:PMC8164125)
Kromydas, T., Campbell, M. , Chambers, S. , Hilton Boon, M. , Pearce, A. , Wells, V. and Craig, P. (2022) The effects of school summer holidays on inequalities in children and young people's mental health and cognitive ability in the UK. A secondary analysis from the Millennium cohort study. BMC Public Health, 22, 154. (doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-12540-2) (PMID:35065629) (PMCID:PMC8782677)
Bonell, C., Humphrey, N., Fletcher, A., Moore, L. , Anderson, R. and Campbell, R. (2014) Why schools should promote students' health and wellbeing. British Medical Journal, 348(g3078), (doi: 10.1136/bmj.g3078)
Eldridge, S. M. et al. (2016) CONSORT 2010 Statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials. British Medical Journal, 355, i5239. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.i5239) (PMID:27777223) (PMCID:PMC5076380)
Broccatelli, C. , Wang, P., McDaid, L. , McCann, M. , Simpson, S. A. , Elliott, L., Moore, L. and Mitchell, K. (2021) Social Network Research contribution to evaluating process in a feasibility study of a peer-led and school-based sexual health intervention. Scientific Reports, 11, 12244. (doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90852-w) (PMID:34112848) (PMCID:PMC8192897)
Zheng, Y., Panayiotou, M., Currie, D., Yang, K., Bagnall, C., Qualter, P. and Inchley, J. (2022) The role of school connectedness and friend contact in adolescent loneliness, and implications for physical health. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, (doi: 10.1007/s10578-022-01449-x) (PMID:36260256) (Early Online Publication)
Marquez, J., Goodfellow, C. , Hardoon, D., Inchley, J. , Leyland, A.H. , Qualter, P., Simpson, S.A. and Long, E. (2023) Loneliness in young people: a multilevel exploration of social ecological influences and geographic variation. Journal of Public Health, 45(1), pp. 109-117. (doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab402) (PMID:34999845) (PMCID:PMC10017088)
Taylor, R. and Dalal, H. (2020) It's not the years in your life that matter, it's the life in your years. Heart, 106(22), 1707. (doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317497) (PMID:32826287)
Copeland, L., McNamara, R., Kelson, M. and Simpson, S. (2017) The development of a coding system to code planning talk within motivational interviewing. Patient Education and Counseling, 100(2), pp. 313-319. (doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2016.09.003) (PMID:27637286) (PMCID:PMC5332025)
Bonell, C., Moore, G., Warren, E. and Moore, L. (2018) Are randomised controlled trials positivist? Reviewing the social science and philosophy literature to assess positivist tendencies of trials of social interventions in public health and health services. Trials, 19(1), 238. (doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-2589-4) (PMID:29673378) (PMCID:PMC5907717)
Patterson, C. , McDaid, L. M. and Hilton, S. (2015) Gay and bisexual men’s perceptions of the donation and use of human biological samples for research: a qualitative study. PLoS ONE, 10(6), e0129924. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129924) (PMID:26053741) (PMCID:PMC4459996)
Simpson, S. (2018) The Helpmedoit! weight loss trial: Main results. International Journal of Behavioural Medicine 25(1):S159-S160. Meeting abstract: 15th International Congress of Behavioral Medicine, Santiago, Chile, 14-17 Nov 2018. (doi: 10.1007/s12529-018-9740-1)
Maclachlan, A. , McMellon, C. and Inchley, J. (2022) Public mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: impacts on children’s rights. International Journal of Human Rights, (doi: 10.1080/13642987.2022.2057958) (Early Online Publication)
Palmer, V. J., Gray, C. M. , Fitzsimons, C., Mutrie, N., Wyke, S. , Der, G. , Chastin, S. F.M. and Skelton, D. A. (2021) Sitting as a moral practice: older adults’ accounts from qualitative interviews on sedentary behaviours. Sociology of Health and Illness, 43(9), pp. 2102-2120. (doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.13383) (PMID:34724232)
Wright, C. M. et al. (2021) Development of a scale to measure infant eating behaviour worldwide. Nutrients, 13(8), 2495. (doi: 10.3390/nu13082495)
Segrott, J., Holliday, J., Rothwell, H., Foxcroft, D., Murphy, S., Scourfield, J., Hood, K. and Moore, L. (2014) Cultural adaptation and intervention integrity: a response to Skärstrand, Sundell and Andréasson. European Journal of Public Health, 24(3), pp. 354-355. (doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku039)
Skivington, K. , Matthews, L. , Craig, P. , Simpson, S. and Moore, L. (2018) Developing and evaluating complex interventions: updating Medical Research Council guidance to take account of new methodological and theoretical approaches. The Lancet 392(S2):S2. Meeting abstract: Public Health Science 2018, Belfast, Northern Ireland, 23 Nov 2018. (doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32865-4)
Abajobir, A. A. et al. (2017) Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet, 390(10100), pp. 1423-1459. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32336-X) (PMID:28916366) (PMCID:PMC5603800)
Devlin, A. M. and Wight, D. (2021) Transfer and adaptation of a drug recovery model from San Patrignano, Italy to River Garden, Scotland: a qualitative study. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, (doi: 10.1080/09687637.2021.1991889) (Early Online Publication)
Lyall, L. M. et al. (2020) Accelerometry-assessed sleep duration and timing in late childhood and adolescence in Scottish schoolchildren: a feasibility study. PLoS ONE, 15(12), e0242080. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242080) (PMID:33259503) (PMCID:PMC7707491)
Martin, M., Lachman, J. , Wamoyi, J., Shenderovich, Y., Mgunga, S., Ndyetabura, E., Ally, A., Barankena, A., Exavery, A. and Manjengenja, N. (2021) A mixed methods evaluation of the large-scale implementation of a school- and community-based parenting program to reduce violence against children in Tanzania: A study protocol. Implementation Science Communications, 2, 52. (doi: 10.1186/s43058-021-00154-5) (PMID:34016191) (PMCID:PMC8136373)
Gostoli, U. and Silverman, E. (2019) Social and Child Care Provision and Kinship Networks: An Agent-Based Model. In: 15th Annual Social Simulation Conference (SSC 2019), Mainz, Germany, 23-27 Sept 2019,
Daw, P., van Beurden, S. B., Greaves, C., Veldhuijzen van Zanten, J. J. C. S., Harrison, A., Dalal, H., McDonagh, S. T. J., Doherty, P. J. and Taylor, R. S. (2020) Getting evidence into clinical practice: protocol for evaluation of the implementation of a home-based cardiac rehabilitation programme for patients with heart failure. BMJ Open, 10(6), e036137. (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036137) (PMID:32565467) (PMCID:PMC7307528)
Oldridge, N. and Taylor, R. S. (2020) Cost-effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure and associated risk factors: a systematic review of economic evaluations of randomized clinical trials. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 27(10), pp. 1045-1055. (doi: 10.1177/2047487319881839) (PMID:31657233)
Barratt, H., Campbell, M., Moore, L. , Zwarenstein, M. and Bower, P. (2016) Randomised controlled trials of complex interventions and large-scale transformation of services. Health Services and Delivery Research, 4(16), (doi: 10.3310/hsdr04160-19)
Katikireddi, S. and Reilly, J. (2017) Characteristics of good supervision: A multi-perspective qualitative exploration of the Masters in Public Health dissertation. Journal of Public Health, 39(3), pp. 625-632. (doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdw107) (PMID:27698268)
Pulford, A., Thapa, A., Thomson, R. , Guilding, A., Green, M. , Leyland, A. H. , Popham, F. and Katikireddi, S. V. (2022) Does persistent precarious employment affect health outcomes among working age adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 76(11), pp. 909-917. (doi: 10.1136/jech-2022-219292) (PMID:36137738) (PMCID:PMC9554022)
Long, E. , Stevens, S., Topciu, R., Williams, A. J., Taylor, T. J. and Morrissey, K. (2022) Wellbeing and social network characteristics in rural communities: findings from a cohort in social housing in Cornwall, United Kingdom. International Journal of Community Well-Being, 5(3), pp. 559-570. (doi: 10.1007/s42413-022-00167-5) (PMID:35611238) (PMCID:PMC9118807)
Fergie, G. , Hilton, S. and Hunt, K. (2016) Young adults experiences of seeking online information about diabetes and mental health in the age of social media. Health Expectations, 19(6), pp. 1324-1335. (doi: 10.1111/hex.12430) (PMID:26647109) (PMCID:PMC5139057)
Traynor, O., Martin, A. , Johnstone, A. , Chng, N. R. , Kenny, J. and Mccrorie, P. (2022) A low-cost method for understanding how nature-based early learning and childcare impacts on children’s health and wellbeing. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 889828. (doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.889828) (PMID:35814071) (PMCID:PMC9260060)
Littlecott, H. J., Moore, G. F., McCann, M. , Melendez-Torres, G. J., Mercken, L., Reed, H., Mann, M., Dobbie, F. and Hawkins, J. (2022) Exploring the association between school-based peer networks and smoking according to socioeconomic status and tobacco control context: a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 142. (doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-12333-z) (PMID:35057769) (PMCID:PMC8772141)
Chambers, S. , Barton, K. L., Albani, V., Anderson, A. S. and Wrieden, W. L. (2017) Identifying dietary differences between Scotland and England: a rapid review of the literature. Public Health Nutrition, 20(14), pp. 2459-2477. (doi: 10.1017/S1368980017001380) (PMID:28724456)
Chambers, S. , Freeman, R., Anderson, A. S. and MacGillivray, S. (2015) Reducing the volume, exposure and negative impacts of advertising for foods high in fat, sugar and salt to children: a systematic review of the evidence from statutory and self-regulatory actions and educational measures. Preventive Medicine, 75, pp. 32-43. (doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.02.011) (PMID:25735606)
Bryden, J. and Silverman, E. (2019) Underlying socio-political processes behind the 2016 US election. PLoS ONE, 14(4), e0214854. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214854) (PMID:30964900) (PMCID:PMC6456177)
Zucca, C. , Long, E. , Hilton, J. and McCann, M. (2021) Appraising the implementation of complexity approaches within the Public Health Sector in Scotland. An assessment framework for pre-implementation policy evaluation. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 653588. (doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.653588) (PMID:34631638) (PMCID:PMC8492954)
Sinclair, J., McCann, M. , Sheldon, E., Gordon, I., Brierley-Jones, L. and Copson, E. (2019) The acceptability of addressing alcohol consumption as a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer: a mixed method study within breast screening services and symptomatic breast clinics. BMJ Open, 9, e027371. (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027371) (PMID:31209091) (PMCID:PMC6609127)
Thomson, M. , Martin, A. , Long, E. , Logue, J. and Simpson, S. A. (2022) A qualitative exploration of weight management during COVID-19. Clinical Obesity, 12(3), e12512. (doi: 10.1111/cob.12512) (PMID:35194943) (PMCID:PMC9286397)
Parkes, A. , Chambers, S. and Buston, K. (2021) Nonresident fathers' and grandparents' early years support and middle childhood socio-emotional adjustment. Journal of Marriage and Family, 83(2), pp. 358-374. (doi: 10.1111/jomf.12752) (PMID:34880506) (PMCID:PMC8629113)
Smith, K. et al. (2021) Process evaluation of a randomised pilot trial of home-based rehabilitation compared to usual care in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and their caregiver’s. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 7, 11. (doi: 10.1186/s40814-020-00747-2) (PMID:33407893)
Mitchell, K. R. et al. (2021) Feasibility study of peer-led and school-based social network Intervention (STASH) to promote adolescent sexual health. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 7, 125. (doi: 10.1186/s40814-021-00835-x) (PMID:34127082) (PMCID:PMC8201683)
Martin, A. and McCrorie, P. (2022) The positives of nature-based play. In: Candiracci, S., Heinisch, L. M., Moschonas, D. and Robinson, S. (eds.) Nature-Based Play: Fostering Connections for Children’s Wellbeing and Climate Resilience. Arup, pp. 13-19. ISBN 9780992950149
Johnstone, A. et al. (2020) Nature-based early childhood education for child health, wellbeing and development: a mixed-methods systematic review protocol. Systematic Reviews, 9, 226. (doi: 10.1186/s13643-020-01489-1) (PMCID:PMC7532588)
Carters-White, L., Hilton, S. , Skivington, K. and Chambers, S. (2022) Children’s, parents’ and professional stakeholders’ views on power concerning the regulation of online advertising of unhealthy food to young people in the UK: A qualitative study. PLoS ONE, 17(6), e0268701. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268701) (PMID:35696387) (PMCID:PMC9191734)
Wimbush, E., Geddes, R., Woodman, K., Craig, P. and Jepson, R. (2015) Evaluability Assessment of the Family Nurse Partnership in Scotland. Project Report. NHS Health Scotland, Edinburgh.
Fitzgerald, N., Nicholls, J., Winterbottom, J. and Katikireddi, S. (2017) Implementing a public health objective for alcohol premises licensing in Scotland: a qualitative study of strategies, values and, perceptions of evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3), 221. (doi: 10.3390/ijerph14030221) (PMID:28241512) (PMCID:PMC5369057)
Vojt, G., Thomson, H. , Campbell, M. , Fenton, C. , Sweeting, H. , McQueen, J. and Skivington, K. (2016) Health, Happiness and Wellbeing for Adolescents Transitioning to Adulthood: A Systematic Review of Individual-Level Interventions for Adolescents from Vulnerable Groups. Other. University of Glasgow, MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow.
Segrott, J. et al. (2022) Effectiveness of the Strengthening Families Programme in the UK at preventing substance misuse in 10–14 year-olds: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 12(2), e049647. (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049647) (PMID:35190414) (PMCID:PMC8862464)
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