Dr Christopher Brown

Affiliate (School of Engineering)

email: Christopher.Brown@glasgow.ac.uk

Biography

I am interested in energy modelling, specifically focusing on deep geothermal resources. I have undertaken a BSc in Geology and MSc in Petroleum Geoscience at the University of Manchester, whilst I completed my PhD in Civil Engineering at the University of Birmingham. During my PhD, I also worked intermittently at Cheshire East Council on prospective geothermal projects in the region. Following my PhD, I worked at MDPI as an Assistant Editor.

I joined the University of Glasgow in August 2021 as a Research Associate, where my work focuses on two projects: 'INTEGRATE' and 'NetzeroGeoRDIE'. These projects focus on underground thermal energy storage and the repurposing of the Newcastle Helix Borehole as a deep borehole heat exchanger, respectively.

Research interests

Geothermal Energy, Modelling and Engineering
Subsurface Modelling
Geothermal Uncertainty and Risk
Fluid Flow
Geological Characterisation of Geothermal Resources
Seismic Interpretation and Submarine Landforms

Publications

List by: Type | Date

Jump to: 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2017

Number of items: 45.

2025

Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031 and Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X (2025) Investigating the impact of groundwater flow on multi-lateral, U-type, advanced geothermal systems. Applied Thermal Engineering, 271, 126269. (doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126269)

Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Watson, Sean ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2218-9188, Lyden, Andrew, Friedrich, Daniel and Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X (2025) Surface–subsurface modelling of seasonal borehole thermal energy storage for a university building. Journal of Energy Storage, 113, 115598. (doi: 10.1016/j.est.2025.115598)

Brown, Christopher ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X, Friedrich, Daniel and Watson, Sean ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2218-9188 (2025) Investigating Mixed-Circuit Injection-Extraction Strategies Between Borehole Heat Exchangers in a Cooling Dominated System. EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025. (doi: 10.5194/egusphere-egu25-3141)

Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X, Brown, Christopher ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Banks, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-504X and Doran, Hannah (2025) Tailored Modelling Approaches to Assess the Feasibility of Closed-loop Systems. In: European Geothermal Congress (EGC) 2025, Zurich, Switzerland, 6th-10th October 2025, (Accepted for Publication)

Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Banks, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-504X and Angelidis, Orestis ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2441-1333 (2025) Geothermal production, injection and storage engineering. In: Livescu, Silviu and Dindoruk, Birol (eds.) Geothermal Energy Engineering: Technology Transfer with the Oil and Gas Industry. Elsevier. ISBN 9780443216626 (In Press)

Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Banks, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-504X and Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X (2025) A perspective on Paul Younger’s work on the Newcastle science central deep geothermal borehole and new developments from the NetZero GeoRDIE Project. Green Energy and Sustainability, 5(1), 0002. (doi: 10.47248/ges2505010002)

Desguers, Thibaut, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Banks, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-504X, Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X and Friedrich, Daniel (2025) Short-cycle borehole thermal energy storage: Impact of thermal cycle duration on overall performance. Applied Thermal Engineering, 258(B), 124610. (doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124610)

Doran, Hannah R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0368-4992, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X and Sanderson, David C.W. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9615-4412 (2025) Modelling a novel technique to remove excess decay heat from a geological disposal facility using a closed-loop geothermal system. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 57, 103090. (doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2024.103090)

Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Nibbs, William and Harrison, Bob (2025) Putting the Potential of Deep Borehole Heat Exchangers into Perspective: a Gas Well Repurposing Case Study, Onshore in the UK. In: 50th Stanford Geothermal Workshop, Stanford, CA, USA, 10-12 February 2025,

2024

Banks, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-504X, Brown, Christopher ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716 and Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X (2024) A Pathway to Simplifying Modelling of Single Coaxial Deep Borehole Heat Exchangers (DBHE). 11th (UK) Geothermal Symposium, London, UK, 11-13 November 2024.

Muhammad, Tiorafi, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Nibbs, William and Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X (2024) Investigating the Potential for a 6 km Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger to Supply Heat and Power in Glasgow. 11th UK Geothermal Symposium, London, UK, 11-13 Nov 2024. (Accepted for Publication)

Ben, Hui, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X and Walker, Sara (2024) Decarbonising well-insulated buildings in a warming climate: the case of adaptive thermal comfort with geothermal space heating. Energy and Buildings, 319, 114466. (doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114466)

Turan, Aysegul, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Shail, Robin and Sass, Ingo (2024) Probabilistic assessment of deep geothermal resources in the Cornubian Batholith and their development in Cornwall and Devon, United Kingdom. Geothermics, 122, 103081. (doi: 10.1016/j.geothermics.2024.103081)

Banks, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-504X, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716 and Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X (2024) Generic modelling to develop thermal yield nomograms for coaxial deep borehole heat exchangers (DBHE). Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 57(3), 2023-162. (doi: 10.1144/qjegh2023-162)

Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Nibbs, William, Cai, Wanlong, Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X, Nagel, Thomas and Chen, Chaofan (2024) A comprehensive review of deep borehole heat exchangers (DBHEs): subsurface modelling studies and applications. Geothermal Energy, (doi: 10.1186/s40517-024-00297-3)

Brown, C.S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, I. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Lyden, A., Franken, L., Kerr, N., Marshall-Cross, D., Watson, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2218-9188, Falcone, G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X, Friedrich, D. and Diamond, J. (2024) Assessing the technical potential for underground thermal energy storage in the UK. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 199, 114545. (doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114545)

Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Banks, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-504X and Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X (2024) Comparing the Performance of Single U-tube, Double U-tube and Coaxial Medium-to-Deep Borehole Heat Exchangers. EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 April 2024. (Accepted for Publication)

Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031 and Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X (2024) Investigating heat transmission in a wellbore for low-temperature, open-loop geothermal systems. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 48, 102352. (doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102352)

Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Banks, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-504X and Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X (2024) Comparison of the thermal and hydraulic performance of single U-tube, double U-tube and coaxial medium-to-deep borehole heat exchangers. Geothermics, 117, 102888. (doi: 10.1016/j.geothermics.2023.102888)

2023

Ben, Hui, Walker, Sara, Brown, Christopher ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716 and Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X (2023) Decarbonising Heating and Cooling Using Temperature Setback and Geothermal Energy. In: CISBAT 2023, Lausanne, Switzerland, 13-15 September 2023, (doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2600/2/022015)

Brown, C. S. et al. (2023) Repurposing a Geothermal Exploration Well as a Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger: Updates from the NetZero GeoRDIE Project. The 10th UK Geothermal Symposium, London, UK, 20-22 Nov 2023.

Morrison, Luke, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Watson, Sean ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2218-9188, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716 and Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X (2023) Understanding the Impact of Paleoclimate Corrections on the Cheshire Basin with Application to Deep Borehole Heat Exchangers. The 10th UK Geothermal Symposium, London, UK, 20-22 Nov 2023.

Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X and Harrison, Bob (2023) Repurposing an Offshore Oil Well as a Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger: a UK case study. In: AAPG International Conference and Exhibition (ICE '23), Madrid, Spain, 6-8 Nov 2023, (Accepted for Publication)

Ben, Hui, Walker, Sara, Brown, Christopher ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716 and Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X (2023) Geothermal Space Heating and Thermal Comfort Strategy for Low-carbon Non-domestic Buildings Under Warming Climate. 11th International Conference on Sustainable Development in the Building and Environment (SuDBE 2023), Helsinki, Finland, 14-18 Aug 2023. (Unpublished)

Doran, Hannah R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0368-4992, Renaud, Theo, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X and Sanderson, David C.W. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9615-4412 (2023) Radioactive Waste as an Anthropogenic Heat Source: Shallow and Deep Geothermal Applications. In: European Geothermal Congress 2022, Berlin, Germany, 17-21 Oct 2022, ISBN 9782960194623

Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X and Banks, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-504X (2023) Closed-loop Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger: Newcastle Science Central Deep Geothermal Borehole. In: European Geothermal Congress 2022, Berlin, Germany, 17-21 Oct 2022, ISBN 9782960194623

Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Doran, Hannah ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0368-4992, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Banks, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-504X and Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X (2023) Investigating the influence of groundwater flow and charge cycle duration on deep borehole heat exchangers for heat extraction and borehole thermal energy storage. Energies, 16(6), 2677. (doi: 10.3390/en16062677)

Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031 and Howell, Louis (2023) Unlocking deep geothermal energy in the UK, using borehole heat exchangers. Geology Today, 39(2), pp. 67-71. (doi: 10.1111/gto.12425)

Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X and Banks, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-504X (2023) Repurposing a geothermal exploration well as a deep borehole heat exchanger: understanding long-term effects of lithological layering, flow direction, and circulation flow rate. Sustainability, 15(5), 4140. (doi: 10.3390/su15054140)

Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X and Banks, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-504X (2023) Repurposing a deep geothermal exploration well for borehole thermal energy storage: implications from statistical modelling and sensitivity analysis. Applied Thermal Engineering, 220, 119701. (doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119701)

Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Desguers, Thibaut, Lyden, Andrew, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Friedrich, Daniel and Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X (2023) Modelling Borehole Thermal Energy Storage using Curtailed Wind Energy as a Fluctuating Source of Charge. In: 2023 Stanford Geothermal Workshop, Stanford, CA, USA, 6-8 Feb 2023,

Brown, Christopher Simon ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031 (2023) Revisiting the deep geothermal potential of the Cheshire Basin, UK. Energies, 16(3), 1410. (doi: 10.3390/en16031410)

Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031 and Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X (2023) Thermal Power from a Notional 6 km Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger in Glasgow. In: 2023 Stanford Geothermal Workshop, Stanford, CA, USA, 6-8 Feb 2023,

Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X and Banks, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-504X (2023) Investigating scalability of deep borehole heat exchangers: numerical modelling of arrays with varied modes of operation. Renewable Energy, 202, pp. 442-452. (doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.11.100)

Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Banks, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-504X, Doran, Hannah R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0368-4992 and Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X (2023) Modelling Thermal Response Tests for Deep Coaxial Borehole Heat Exchangers. In: World Geothermal Congress 2023, Beijing, China, 4-6 Sept 2023,

Doran, Hannah ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0368-4992, Renaud, T., Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X and Sanderson, D. (2023) Harnessing Anthropogenic Heat from Radioactive Waste in Geological Disposal Facility settings via Closed-Loop Geothermal Systems. In: World Geothermal Congress 2023, Beijing, China, 4-6 Sept 2023,

Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Lyden, Andrew, Watson, Sean, Banks, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-504X, Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X and Friedrich, Daniel (2023) A Modelling Study of Seasonal Borehole Thermal Energy Storage in Scotland: Integrating Surface Demand and the Subsurface Heat Store. In: World Geothermal Congress 2023, Beijing, China, 4-6 Sept 2023,

Nibbs, William, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, Isa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Watson, Sean ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2218-9188 and Falcone, Gioia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X (2023) Repurposing Onshore Wells for Geothermal Use in the United Kingdom: Application as Deep Borehole Heat Exchangers. In: World Geothermal Congress 2023, Beijing, China, 4-6 Sept 2023,

2022

Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031 (2022) Regional geothermal resource assessment of hot dry rocks in Northern England using 3D geological and thermal models. Geothermics, 105, 102503. (doi: 10.1016/j.geothermics.2022.102503)

Lyden, A., Brown, C.S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Kolo, I. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-0716, Falcone, G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-673X and Friedrichs, D. (2022) Seasonal thermal energy storage in smart energy systems: district-level applications and modelling approaches. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 167, 112760. (doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112760)

Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Cassidy, Nigel J., Egan, Stuart S. and Griffiths, Dan (2022) A sensitivity analysis of a single extraction well from deep geothermal aquifers in the Cheshire Basin, UK. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 55(3), qjegh2021-131. (doi: 10.1144/qjegh2021-131)

Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Cassidy, Nigel J., Egan, Stuart S. and Griffiths, Dan (2022) Thermal and economic analysis of heat exchangers as part of a geothermal district heating scheme in the Cheshire Basin, UK. Energies, 15(6), 1983. (doi: 10.3390/en15061983)

2021

Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Cassidy, Nigel J., Egan, Stuart S. and Griffiths, Dan (2021) Numerical modelling of deep coaxial borehole heat exchangers in the Cheshire Basin, UK. Computers and Geosciences, 152, 104752. (doi: 10.1016/j.cageo.2021.104752)

Howell, Louis, Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031 and Egan, Stuart S. (2021) Deep geothermal energy in northern England: Insights from 3D finite difference temperature modelling. Computers and Geosciences, 147, 104661. (doi: 10.1016/j.cageo.2020.104661)

2017

Brown, Christopher S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-6031, Newton, Andrew M. S., Huuse, Mads and Buckley, Francis (2017) Iceberg scours, pits, and pockmarks in the North Falkland Basin. Marine Geology, 386, pp. 140-152. (doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2017.03.001)

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