Faces of the Atrato: A series of portraits by Jan Nimmo

Portrait of woman against natural collage background

"Luz Enith Mosquera" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media 2021

Although I am an artist based in Scotland, I have a long-standing relationship with Latin America. My travels have spanned much of Central and Southern Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panamá, Ecuador and Cuba. Much of that time has been spent working with banana planation workers and their trade unions, and researching popular arts, crafts and music. More recently, I have focused on making work about forced disappearance and femicide in Mexico.

In 2019 I was invited to work with Mo Hume and Allan Gillies of the Colombia River Stories Project, University of Glasgow, when I was able to meet two speakers from Chocó in Colombia, Alba Achito, an Atrato River Guardian, and Vianney, a lawyer who was working to support the communities and their representatives implement the Sentencia TN622-16, a ruling which meant that the Atrato was one of three rivers worldwide that was the bearer of Rights. Meeting them gave me a good insight into the situation in Chocó at that time.

Portrait of woman against natural collage background

"Alba Achito"- Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2022

The idea that we formulated was for me to travel with Mo to Chocó in Spring 2020 where I would be able to get to know the local communities and gather material to work with back in Scotland. The day we were due to fly to Colombia the airport in Bogotá was closed due to the Pandemic, and thereafter making direct contact with our partners in Colombia was no longer an ethical option - so rethinking the project was necessary. What emerged was that I would endeavour to make portraits of the 14 (+) River Guardians who represent the river and the indigenous and Afro-Colombian peoples who live along the river. I'm used to making work in solidarity at long distance - my series of portraits of the disappeared students from the Ayotzinapa Teacher Training College, in Mexico, in 2014, which began as my emotional reaction to events, ended up with the then 46 portraits reaching the parents in time for the first anniversary.  These images are still carried by them 8 years on and now there are new portraits of those parents who have gone to the grave without any answers. So although it is perhaps not ideal to work this way, I was confident that I could make some portraits that would give a face to the struggles of the riverine communities in Chocó. And while the issues facing these communities are peculiar to them (illegal gold mining and the threat of violence and repression from various armed interests), I think that because of my experiences in other areas in the region and from Mo and Allan's stories, I was able to get a reasonable grasp of the issues in Chocó.

Portrait of man against natural collage background

"Bernardino Mosquera" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2021

My idea was to work, like I did for Ayotzinapa, to create digital portraits but to develop a particular 'look' for these mixed media portraits so that they would work as a series, as well as individually. I was sent photos of the River Guardians to work from. This could only take place after the first lockdown subsided and these came in dribs and drabs. Mark Camburn from SCIAF, Yesenia de Carmen Palacios from the Diocese in Quibdó and Viviana González of Siembra helped facilitate this.

A key component, for me, was to create something that would visually reflect the wonderful but increasingly threatened biodiversity of Chocó. There was surprisingly little on the internet about the flora and fauna so I was grateful that Mo and Allan put me in touch with Steve Cagan, a US based activist and photographer who has been travelling to Chocó for decades. Steve very generously allowed me to use images from his archive and didn't mind that I took some of these and cut them up and manipulated them, often beyond recognition. Steve has been generous and supportive to work with and we keep in touch and have now become friends over conversations on Skype and I'm hopeful that he and his wife, Beth, will make it to visit us in Kintyre some day. 

As well as incorporating the natural environment in the portraits I wanted to reveal the threat posed by illegal gold mining; so if you were to look closely at the portraits you will see diggers and dredgers and aerial images which show how the course of the river is being changed - here there is a nod to 17th Century Latin American landscape painting. The pieces include text ranging from fragments from interviews to poems, which again references 17th Century Latin American portraiture and the tradition of votive paintings. Maps are collaged in to represent the conflict between colonially imposed borders and how the local communities understand "territorio" or land, to be something collective, something shared. 

During COP 26 in Glasgow, Marjury Mosquera, Atrato River Guardian, and Viviana González, lawyer with SIEMBRA visited Glasgow and both spoke at events at COP 26 and at the University of Glasgow. Although not officially a River Guardian, I decided to include Viviana as an "Honorary Guardian" for the purposes of the portraits as she was someone that I met in person and who has done so much to support the work of the guardians and their communities.

Portrait of woman against natural collage background

"Marjury Mosquera" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media 2021

Portrait of woman against natural collage background

"Viviana González - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media 2022

When I work on artworks like these it's important to me that the people in the portraits are able to have the artworks, and in this case that other partners - the University of Glasgow, SCIAF, the Diocese in Quibdó and Siembra - have access to them both physically and digitally.

Mo Hume visited Colombia in spring 2022 and was able to organise a handover where the Guardians each received their portraits and a set was given to SIEMBRA for use in exhibitions and events in Chocó. The portraits were displayed as part of Atrato Fest, Chocó, in August 2022. The University has retained a set of the printed portraits and these were exhibited at ARCadia - Festival of Ideas at ARC (Advanced Research Centre), University of Glasgow, in September 2022.

Jan Nimmo October 2022

Portrait of man against natural collage background

"Alexander Rodríguez" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2022

 Portrait of woman against natural collage background

"Kelly Jonana Salas" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2021

 Portrait of man against natural collage background

"Nixon Chamorro" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2022

 Portrait of man against natural collage background

"Fausto Palacios " - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2021

 Portrait of woman against natural collage background

"Banessa Rivas" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2021

 Portrait of man against natural collage background

"Valerio Andrade" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2021

 Portrait of man against natural collage background

"Americo Mosquera" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2021

 Portrait of woman against natural collage background

"Marelis Valoyes" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2022

 Portrait of man against natural collage background

"Adolfo Romana" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2022

Portrait of man against natural collage background

"Ramón Cartagena" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2022

Portrait of man against natural collage background

"Abid Manuel Romana" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2022

Rostros del Atrato: una serie de retratos por Jan Nimmo

Portrait of woman against natural collage background

"Luz Enith Mosquera" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media 2021

Aunque soy un artista radicada en Escocia, tengo una relación de larga data con América Latina. Mis viajes han abarcado una gran parte del centro y el sur de México, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panamá, Ecuador y Cuba. Por la mayoría de ese tiempo me he dedicado a trabajar con los/las trabajadores de las plantaciones bananeras y los sindicatos que les representan, y a investigar las artes populares y la música tradicional. Más recientemente, me he enfocado en realizar trabajos sobre la desaparición forzada y el feminicidio en México.

En el 2019 me invitaron a trabajar con Mo Hume y Allan Gillies del Proyecto Colombia River Stories, Universidad de Glasgow, cuando pude conocer a dos activistas del Chocó en Colombia, Alba Achito, una guardiana  del río Atrato, y Vianney, un abogado quien ha apoyado las comunidades y sus representantes a implementar la sentencia TN622-16, que significa que el Atrato es uno de los tres ríos a nivel mundial que es portador de Derechos. La oportunidad de conocerlos me ayudó a entender  algo de la situación en el Chocó en esos momentos.

Portrait of woman against natural collage background

"Alba Achito"- Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2022

La idea que formulamos fue que viajara con Mo a Chocó en la primavera del 2020, donde podría conocer las comunidades locales y reunir material para trabajar en Escocia. El día que debiéramos haber viajado a Colombia, el aeropuerto de Bogotá cerró debido a la pandemia y, a partir de entonces, hacer contacto directo con nuestros socios en Colombia ya no era una opción ética. Por eso era necesario repensar el proyecto. Lo que surgió fue que me dedicaría a realizar unos retratos de los 14 (+) Guardianes del río Atrato, las personas que representan el río y los pueblos indígenas y afrocolombianos que viven a lo largo del río. Estoy acostumbrado a hacer trabajos solidarios a distancia - mi serie de retratos de los estudiantes desaparecidos de la Escuela Normal de Ayotzinapa en México en el 2014, comenzó con mi reacción emocional a los hechos, y después de un año, había realizado 46 retratos de los muchachos los cuales fueron obsequado a las familias para el primer aniversario de la atrocidad. Todavía, después de ocho años los padres y madres llevan esas imagenes consigo a las manifestaciones imágenes. Ahora hay nuevos retratos de esos padres que se han ido a la tumba sin ninguna respuesta. Entonces, aunque tal vez no sea lo ideal trabajar de esta manera, confiaba en que podría crear algunos retratos que dieran una cara humana a la lucha de las comunidades ribereñas del Chocó. Y mientras los problemas que enfrentan estas comunidades son peculiares para ellas (la minería de oro ilegal y la amenaza de la violencia y la represión por varios intereses armados), creo que debido a mis experiencias en otras zonas de la región y de las historias que me contaban Mo y Allan, era capaz de obtener una buena comprensión de los problemas que se presentaba en el Chocó.

Portrait of man against natural collage background

"Bernardino Mosquera" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2021

Mi idea era trabajar, como lo hice para Ayotzinapa, para crear retratos digitales pero desarrollar un estilo propio para estos retratos para que funcionaran como una serie, así como individualmente. Me enviaron fotos de los Guardianes del río Atrato para poder empezar las obras. Esto solo pudo tomar lugar después del primer confinamiento de la Pandemia Global y las fotos llegaron gracias a Mark Camburn de SCIAF y Yesenia del Carmen Palacios de la Diócesis de Quibdó y Viviana González del Centro Siembra.

Para mí, un componente clave fue crear algo que reflejara visualmente la maravillosa pero cada vez más amenazada biodiversidad del Chocó. Sorprendentemente, había poco en el Internet sobre la flora y la fauna, así que agradezco a Mo y Allan quienes me pusieran en contacto con Steve Cagan, un activista y fotógrafo estadounidense que ha viajado durante décadas al Chocó. Steve me permitió usar algunas imágenes de su archivo y no le importó que tomara algunas de ellas, las cortara y las manipulara, a menudo más allá del reconocimiento. Steve ha sido generoso y solidario. Ha sido un placer trabajar con él ya  tenemos una amistad a través del Skype. Tengo la esperanza de que él y su esposa, Beth, puedan visitarnos en Kintyre algún día.

Además de incorporar el entorno natural en los retratos, quería revelar la amenaza que representa la minería ilegal de oro; por lo tanto, si observa detenidamente los retratos, verá excavadoras y dragas e imágenes aéreas que muestran cómo se está cambiando el curso del río; aquí hay un guiño a la pintura paisajista latinoamericana del siglo XVII. Las piezas incluyen textos que van desde fragmentos de entrevistas hasta poemas, que nuevamente hacen referencia al retrato latinoamericano del siglo XVII y la tradición de las pinturas votivas. Los mapas se combinan para representar el conflicto entre las fronteras impuestas por la colonialización y cómo las comunidades locales entienden el territorio o la tierra como algo colectivo; algo compartido.

Portrait of woman against natural collage background

"Marjury Mosquera" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media 2021

Portrait of woman against natural collage background

"Viviana González - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media 2022

Durante la COP 26 en Glasgow, Marjury Mosquera, Guardiána de río Atrato y Viviana González, una abogada de SIEMBRA visitaron Glasgow y ambas hablaron en eventos en la COP 26 y en la Universidad de Glasgow. Aunque no es oficialmente una guardiána del río, decidí incluir a Viviana como "guardiána honoraria" para los retratos, ya que era alguien a quien conocí en persona y que ha hecho mucho para apoyar el trabajo de los guardianes y sus comunidades.

Cuando trabajo en obras de arte como estas, es importante para mí que las personas en los retratos puedan tener las obras de arte y, en este caso, que los otros socios, la Universidad de Glasgow, SCIAF, la Diócesis de Quibdó y el Centro Siembra, tengan acceso a ellos, tanto física como digitalmente. Mo Hume visitó Colombia en la primavera de 2022 y pudo organizar una entrega donde cada uno de los Guardianes recibieron su retrato y se entregó un juego de retratos a SIEMBRA para usar en exposiciones y eventos en el Chocó - los retratos se exhibieron como parte de Atrato Fest, Chocó, en Agosto del 2022. La Universidad ha retenido un conjunto de retratos impresos y estos se exhibieron en ARCadia - el Festival de Ideas en el ARC (Centro de Investigación Avanzada), Universidad de Glasgow, en septiembre de 2022.

Jan Nimmo octubre 2022

Portrait of man against natural collage background

"Alexander Rodríguez" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2022

 Portrait of woman against natural collage background

"Kelly Jonana Salas" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2021

 Portrait of man against natural collage background

"Nixon Chamorro" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2022

 Portrait of man against natural collage background

"Fausto Palacios " - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2021

 Portrait of woman against natural collage background

"Banessa Rivas" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2021

 Portrait of man against natural collage background

"Valerio Andrade" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2021

 Portrait of man against natural collage background

"Americo Mosquera" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2021

 Portrait of woman against natural collage background

"Marelis Valoyes" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2022

 Portrait of man against natural collage background

"Adolfo Romana" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2022

Portrait of man against natural collage background

"Ramón Cartagena" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2022

Portrait of man against natural collage background

"Abid Manuel Romana" - Jan Nimmo - Mixed Media - 2022