University of Glasgow - Research - Research units A-Z - Scottish Centre for Innovation in Spinal Cord Injury

Publications

2019

Dybus A, Lincoln C, Purcell M, Paul L. The effectiveness of functional electrical stimulation cycling in acute, incomplete spinal cord injury: systematic review” International Journal of Rehabilitation Research (in submission)

Ruslee R, Miller J, Gollee H. Investigation of different stimulation patterns with doublet pulses to reduce muscle fatigue. Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering. 6 pp. 1-10. doi:10.1177/2055668319825808

Dickie AC, Bell AM, Iwagaki N, Polgar E, Gutierrez-Mecinas M, Kelly R, Lyon H, Turnbull K, West SJ, Etlin A, Braz J, Watanabe M, Bennett DLH, Basbaum Al, Riddell JS, Todd AJ. Morphological and functional properties distinguish the substance P and gastrin-releasing peptide subsets of excitatory interneuron in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Pain 2019 Feb; 160(2):442-462. Doi:10.1097/j.pain

Whitehead MJ, McCanney GA, Willison HJ, Barnett SC. Myelin J an imageJ macro for high throughput analysis of myelinating cultures. Bioinformatics 2019 Nov 1;35(21):4528-4530. Doi:101093/bioinformatics/btz403

Vuckovic A, McGeady C, Manaf A, Fraser M, Purcell M. EEG correlates of self-managed neurofeedback treatment of central neuropathic pain in chronic spinal cord injury. Frontiers in Neuroscience July 2019. doi:10:3389/fnins.2019.00762

McCanney GA, Lindsay SL, McGrath MA, Willison HJ, Moss C, Bavington C, Barnett SC. The use of myelinating cultures as a screen of glycomolecules for CNS repair. Biology (Basel). 2019 Jun 28; 8 (3). Pii: E52. doi:10.3390/biology/8030052

McCanney GA, McGrath MA, Otto TD, Burchmore R, Yates EA, Bavington CD, Willison HJ, Turnbull JE, Barnett SC. Low sulphated heparins target multiple proteins for central nervous system repair. Glia. 2019 Apr:67 (4):668-587. Doi:10/1002/glia.23562 Epub 2018 Dec 26.

Bijland S, Thomson G, Euston M, Michail K, Thummler K, Mucklisch S, Crawford CL, Barnett SC, McLaughlin M, Anderson TJ, Linington C, Brown ER, Kalkman ER, Edgar JM. An invitro model for studying CNS white matter: functional properties and experimental approaches. F1000Res. 2019 Jan 29-8:117. doi:10.12688/f1000 research, 16802.1 eCollection 2019.

Mathieson M, Barrett C, Alakandy L. Cervical Spine Injuries. Oxford Textbook of Neurological Surgery. doi:10.1093/med/9780198746706.003.0068

McDaid D, Park A-La, Gall A, Purcell M, Bacon M. Understanding and modelling the economic impact of spinal cord injuries in the UK. SpinalCord@nature.com doi:10.1038/s41393-019-0285-1

Okoroafor F, Krishna A, Purcell M, Mathieson M. Impressive neurological recovery following C-spine dislocation in a patient on long term immunosuppression. British Journal of Neurosurgery. doi:10.1080/02688697.2019.1630553

Vuckovic A, Al Taleb M, Purcell M, Petric-Gray N, Fraser M. Home used, patient self-managed, brain-computer interface for the management of central neuropathic pain post spinal cord injury: usability study. doi:10.1186/s12984-019-0588-7

2018

Vuckovic A, Pangaro S, Putri F. Unimanual vs bimanual motor imagery classifiers for assistive and rehabilative brain computer interfaces. IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. doi:10.1109/TNSRE.2018.2877620

Ratnasabapathy U, Purcell M. Bhattacharya J. Endovascular rescue of vertebra-basilar thrombosis in cervical spine injury. Spinal Cord Series and Cases Ref no SCSANDC-2018-0551 doi:10.1038/s41394-018-0132-1

Vuckovic A, Jarjees M, Hasan MA, Miyakoshi M, Fraser M. Central Neuropathic Pain in Paraplegia Alters Movement Related Potentials. Clinph 2008560. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2018.05.020

Riddell J, Todd A, Hoon M, Huang J, Polgar E, Solinski H, Santosh K, Tseng M, Iwagaki N, Boyle K, Dickie A, Kriegbaum M, Wildner H, Zilhofer H, Wantanabe M. Circuit dissection of the role of somatostatin in itch and pain. Nature Neuroscience 21, 707-716 (2018) doi: 10.1038/s41593-018-0119z

Vuckovic A, Gallardo V, Jarjees M, Fraser M, Purcell M. Prediction of Central Neuropathic Pain in Spinal Cord Injury Based on EEG classifier. Clinical Neurophysiology. doi:10.1016/j.cliniph.2018.04.750

Vuckovic A, Jarjees M, Purcell Berry H, M, Fraser M. Electroencephalographic Predictors of Neuropathic Pain in Subacute Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of Pain. (doi:10.1016/j.pain.2018.04.11

Whitehead M, McGonigal R, Willison H, Barnett S. Heparanase attenuates axon degeneration following sciatic nerve transection. Sci Rep 2018 Mar 26; 8 (1):5219 doi:10.1038/s41598-23070-6

Dickson A, Karatzias T, Gullone G, Allan D, Park J, Flowers P. Negotiating Boundaries of Care: an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Relational Conflicts Surrounding Home Mechanical Ventilation Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Journal: Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine, Mar 18 doi:10.1080/21642850.2018.1462708

2017

Conway B, Lakany H, Syam H, Ahmad R. Brain computer interface: assessment of spinal cord injury patient towards moor movement through EEG application. MATEC Web of Conferences Vol 140 (2017) http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201714001027

Puentes F, Van der Star B, Boomkamp S, Kipp M, Boon L, Raffel J, Gnanapavan S, Van der Valk P, Stephenson J, Barnett S, Baker D, Amor S. Neurofilament Light as an Immune Target for Pathogenic Antibodies. Immunology Dec 2017 doi:10.111/152(4):580-588

Vuckovic A, Al Taleb M, Purcell M, Fraser M. Home used, patient self-managed, brain-computer interface for treatment of central neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury: Feasibilty Study. September 2017. doi:10.3217/978-3 85125-533-1-93 Conference:BC12017, At Graz, Austria

McCaughey E, Borotkanics R, Gollee H, Folz R, McLachlan A. Abdominal functional electrical stimulation to improve respiratory function after spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis free. Spinal Cord 55: 798, doi: 10.1038/sc.2017.2

Gollee H, Gawthrop P, Lakie M, Loram I. Visuo-manual tracking: does intermittent control with a periodic sampling explain linear power and non remnant without sensorimotor noise? Journal of Physiology Aug 2017 doi:10.1113/jp274288

Meng L, Porr B, Gollee H. Technical developments of functional electrical stimulation to restore gait functions: sensing, control strategies and current commercial systems. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument. 6 (6) 1319-1334 July 2017

Osuagwu B, Zych M, Vuckovic A. Is implicit motor imagery a reliable strategy for a brain computer interface? IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. PP(99(:1-1 June 2017 doi: 10.1109 TNSRE.2017.2712707

Hulme C, Brown S, Fuller H, Riddell J, Osman A, Chowdhury J, Kumar N, Johnson W, Wright K.

The developing landscape of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for spinal cord injury in cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Spinal Cord (2017)55, 114-125; doi:10.1038/sc2016.174; published online 20 December 2016

Berry H, Tate RJ, Conway B. Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation induces lasting fatigue resistance and enhances explosive vertical jump performance. doi:10.1371 journal.pone 0173846

Barnett S, Lindsay S, Ahmed M, Emraja M, Griffin J, Riddell J, Toft A. Human olfactory mesenchymal stromal cell transplants promote remyelination and earlier improvement in gait co-ordination after spinal cord injury. GLIA 2017;65-65:639-656. doi:10.1002/glia. 23117

Augestad I, Nyman A, Costa A, Barnett S, Sandvig A, Haberg A, Sandvig I. Effects of neural stem cell and olfactory ensheathing cell co-transplants on tissue remodelling after transient focal cerebral ischemia in the adult rat. Neurochem Res, 2017 Jan 24. doi: 10.1007/s11064-016-2098-3.

2016

Osuagwu B, Wallace L, Fraser M, Vuckovic A. Rehabilitation of hand in subacute tetraplegic patients based on brain computer interface and functional electrical stimulation: a randomised pilot study. J Neural Eng 2016 doi:10.1088/1741-2560/13/6/065002

Allan D, Fairlie-Clarke K, Elliott C, Schuh C, Barnett S, Lassmann H, Linnington C, Jiang H. Role of IL-33 and ST2 signalling pathway in multiple sclerosis: expression by oligodendrocytes and inhibition of myelination in central nervous system. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2016 Jul 26; doi: 10.1086/s40478-016-0344-1

Hasan M, Fraser M, Conway B, Allan D, Vuckovic A. Reversed cortical over-activity during movement imagination following neurofeedback treatment. Clinical Neurophysiology. doi: 10.1016/jclinph 2016.06.12

Coupaud S, Gislason M, Purcell M, Sasagawa K, Tanner E. Patient-specific bone mineral density distribution in the tibia of individuals with chronic spinal cord injury, derived from multi-slice peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) J.Bone December 16 doi:10.1016/j.bone.2016.12.014

Lindsay SL. Barnett SC. Are nestin-postive mesenchymal stromal cells a better source of cells for CNS repair? Neurochemistry International. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.03.009

O’Neill P, Lindsay SL, Pantiru A, Guimond S, Turnbull JE, Verhaagen J, Fagoe N, Riddell JS, Barnett SC. Sulfatase mediated manipulation of the astrocyte-Schwann cell interface. J Neuroscience. doi: 10/1022/glia23047

Kiray H, Lindsay SL, Hosseinzadeh S, Barnett SC. The multifaceted role of astrocytes in regulating myelination. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.03.009

Lindsay SL, Johnstone SA, McGrath, Mallinson D, Barnett SC. Comparitive miRNA-based fingerprinting reveals biological differences in human olfactory mucosa and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Reports doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.03.009

McCaughey E, Allan D B, Purcell M, Barnett S. Spinal cord injuries caused by stab wounds: Incidence, natural history and relevance to future research. Journal of Neurotrauma 2016 Aug: doi: 10.1089/neu2015 4375 Epub 2016 March 18

Jarjees M, Vuckovic A. The Effect of Voluntary Modulation of the Sensory-Motor Rhythm During Different Mental Tasks on H Reflex. Int J Psycholphysiol. doi: 10 1016 jipsycho 2016.06.005 Epub 2016 Jun 15

Coulter E, Paul L, McLean A, Hasler J, Allan DB, McFadyen A. The effectiveness and satisfaction of web-based physiotherapy in people with spinal cord injury: a pilot randomised controlled trial. doi: 10.1038/sc2016.125

2015

Hasan M.A. Fraser M, Conway B.A. Allan D.B. Vuckovic A. (2015) The mechanism of neurofeedback training for treatment of central neuropathic pain in paraplegia: A Pilot Study BMC Neurology. doi:10/1186/s12883-015-0445-7 Oct 2015

Osuagwa BCA, Wallace L, Fraser M, Vuckovic A. (2015) Brain-computer interface and functional electrical stimulation for neurorehabilitation of hand in sub-acute tetraplegic patients functional and neurological outcomes. In proceedings of 3^rd Int cong on Neurotechnology Electronix and Informatix, NEUROTECHNIX 2015, Lisbon, November 2015 pp15-23. doi:10.5220/0005650500150023

McCaughey E, McLean A, Allan D, Gollee H.

Abdominal Functional Electrical Stimulation to enhance mechanical insufflation-exsufflation.

Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. doi:10/1080/10790268. 2015 1114226

Gislason MK, Coupaud S, Fogg Q, McNally S, Purcell M, Sasgawa K, Tanabe Y, Tanner KE.

Validation of Finite Element models predicting fracture in the osteoporotic tibia. Proc. of the 25^th Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics (Glasgow UK) July 2015 (conference paper)

Varzi D, Coupaud S, Purcell M, Allan DB, Gregory JS. Barr RJ. Bone morphology of the femur and tibia captured by statistical shape modelling predicts rapid bone loss in acute spinal cord injury patients. doi:10:1016. Bone Vol 81, p495-501 (2015)

Wheeler G, Macdonald A.S^, Purcell M, Diagrammatic exploration as a bridge between observation and intervention in design and healthcare research. Proceedings of the 3^rd European Conference on Design4 Health 2015, Sheffield Hallam University. Available at: http://research.shu.ac.uk/design4health/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/D4H_et_al.pdf

McCaughey E, Purcell M, McLean A, Fraser M, Allan D B, Bewick A. Changing demographics of spinal cord injury over a 20 year period: A longitudinal population based study in Scotland. doi:10:1038/sc2015. 167.

McCaughey E, Berry H.R, McLean A.N, Allan D.B, Gollee H. “Abdominal Functional Electrical Stimulation to assist ventilator weaning in acute tetraplegia: A cohort study.” Critical Care. Published July 2015 doi:10:1371 journal.pone.0128589

Vuckovic A, Hasan M A, Osuagwu B, Fraser M, Allan D B, Conway B A, Nasseroleslami B.(2015) The influence of central neuropathic pain in paraplegic patients on performance of a motor imagery based brain computer interface. Clinical Neurophsiology. doi:10.1016/j.clinph 2014.12.033

Johnstone SA, Liley M, Dalby MJ, Barnett SC. Comparison of human olfactory and skeletal MSCs using osteogenic nanotopography to demonstrate bone-specific bioactivity of the surfaces. Acta Biomater. 2015 Feb, 13:266-76. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.201411.027. Epub 2014 Nov 21

Coupaud S, McLean A.N, Purcell M, Fraser M.H, Allan D. B. “Decreases in bone mineral density at cortical and trabecular sites in the tibia and femur during the first year of spinal cord injury.” Bone Jan 2015. 74C:69-75.doi:10.1016

2014

Wheeler G, Macdonald A, Purcell M. Defining and Using Experience Goals to Enhance Patient Agency In Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation https://sites.google.com/site/uxgoals2014/submissions-and-deadlines/workshop-papers

Dickson A, Duffy L, Allan D.B. “Adjustment and coping in ventilator dependant patients following a traumatic spinal cord injury; an interpretive phenomenological analysis”. 14 Jun;15(6):645-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2014.02.005. Epub 2014 Mar 1

Hasan M.A, Vuckovic A, Fraser M, Conway B, Nasseroleslami B, Allan D.B. Reduced activation at the cortical level following neurofeedback treatment is associated with reduction in central neuropathic pain intensity. 6^th International Brain-Computer Interface Conference, 16-19^th September 2014, Graz University of Technology, Austria

Osuagwu B.A, Vuckovic A, Fraser M, Wallace L, Allan D.B. BCI-FES hand therapy for patients with sub-acute tetraplegia. 6^th International Brain-Computer Interface Conference, 16-19^th September 2014 Graz University of Technology, Austria

Nasserolami B, Lakany H, Conway B.A. EEG Signatures of Arm Isometric Exertions in Preparation, Planning and Execution. (In eng). Neuroimage 90 Apr 2014. P1-14. doi:10.1061

MacLeod C.A, Meng L, Conway B.A, Porr B. “Reflex Control of Robotic Gait Using Human Walking Data.” PLos ONE 9, No 10, (2014): e109959

Vuckovic Aleksandra, Hasan Muhammad Abdul, Fraser Mathew, Conway Bernard A, Nasseroleslami Bahman, Allan David B., “Dynamic Oscillatory Signatures of Central Neuropathic Pain in Spinal Cord Injury” Journal of Pain 2014 Jun;15(6):645-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2014.02.005. Epub 2014 Mar 1

D. Hansom, C. Mathieson, M. Purcell, and D. MacDonald, "Acute longitudinal ligament rupture following acute spinal trauma," Emergency Care Journal; vol 10:1903, 2014. doi:10.4081

McCaughey, E.J., McLachlan, A.J., Gollee, H., 2014. Non-intrusive real-time breathing pattern detection and classification for automatic abdominal functional electrical stimulation. Medical Engineering & Physics 36, 1057–1061. doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2014.04.005

Fang J, Vuckovic A, Galen S, Cossar C, Conway BA, Hunt KJ. Design and evaluation of a prototype gait orthosis for early rehabilitation of walking. Technol Health Care. 2014 Jan 1;22(2):273-88.doi:10.3233/THC-140821

Fang J, Galen S, Vuckovic A, Conway BA, Hunt KJ. Kinetic analysis of supine stepping for early rehabilitation of walking. Proc Inst Mech Eng H. Jan 14;228(5):456-464. doi:10.1177

Fang J, Vuckovic A, Galen S, Conway BA, Hunt KJ. Foot trajectory approximation using the pendulum model of walking. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2014 Jan;52(1):45-52. doi:10.1007/s11517-013-1117-7.Epub 2013 Sep 21. Erratum in: Med Biol Eng Comput. 2014 May;52(5):509

Xu R, Jiang N, Vuckovic A, Hasan M, Mrachacz-Kersting N, Allan D, Fraser M, Naseroleslami B, Conway B, Dremstrup K, Farina D. Movement-related cortical potentials in paraplegic patients: abnormal patterns and considerations for BCI-rehabilitation. Front. Neuroeng.,27 August 2014. doi:10.3389/fneng.2014.00035

Vuckovic A, Wallace L, Allan D B. “Hybrid Brain Computer Interface and Functional Electrical Stimulation for Sensorimotor Training of Sub-acute Tetraplegic Patients” Journal of Neurological Physical Therapy. Jun 15(6):645-55. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2014.02.005. Epub 2014 Mar 1

Vuckovic A, Hasan M A, Fraser M, Conway B A, Nasseroleslami B, Allan D B, “ Motor Imagery in Spinal Cord Injury with Neuropathic Pain: A Component Clustering Method Con Paper ISBN: 978-1-4503-0913-4 doi 10.1145/2093698.2093866

Galen S.S., Clarke C.J., Mclean, A.N., Allan D.B., Conway B A, “Isometric Hip and Knee Torque measurements as an outcome measure in Robot Assisted Gait Training” Neuro Rehab 2014 doi: 10.3233/NRE-131042

Coupaud S, McLean A.N, Purcell M, Fraser M.H, Allan D.B. “Spatiotemporal patterns of epiphyseal bone loss after spinal cord injury – an investigation using peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT)”. In: Proc. Annual Meeting Bone Research Society; Sheffield, June 2014, P48, p32. doi:10.3389

Gislason M.K, Coupaud S, Sasagawa K, Purcell M.A, Allan D.B, Tanabe Y, Tanner E. “Prediction of risk of fracture in the tibia due to altered bone mineral density distribution resulting from disuse: a finite-element study”. Proc IMechE Part H: J. Eng. Medicine 2014, 228: 165-174 doi: 10.1177/0954411914522438

McCaughey E, McLean A.N, Allan D.B, Gollee H. “Detection of the motor points of the abdominal muscles,” Eur J Appl Physiol, Dec 2014 114(12):2483-9. doi: 10.1007/s00421-014-2966-y. Epub 2014 Aug 12

Ioannidou K, Anderson KI, Strachan D, Edgar JM, Barnett SC Astroglial-axonal interactions during early stages of myelination in mixed cultures using in vitro and ex vivo imaging techniques. BMC Neurosci. 2014 May 2,15:59. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-15-59

Boomkamp SD, McGrath MA, Houslay MD, Barnett SC.

Epac and the high affinity rolipram binding conformer of PDE4 modulate neurite outgrowth and myelination using an in vitro spinal cord injury model.

Br J Pharmacol. 2014 May; 171(9):2385-98. doi:10.1111/bph.12588

Donoghue PS, Sun T, Gadegaard N, Riehle MO, Barnett SC Development of a Novel 3D Culture System for Screening Features of Complex Implantable Device for CNS Repair. .

Mol Pharm, 2014 Jul 7;11(7):2143-50. doi:10.1021/mp400526n

2013

Lamond R, Barnett SC. Schwann cells but not olfactory ensheathing cells inhibit CNS myelination via the secretion of connective tissue growth factor. J Neurosci, 2013 Nov 20;33(47):18686-97. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3233-13.2013

S. Coupaud, A.N. McLean, S.J. Grant, H.R. Berry and D.B .Allan “A model of incorporating a clinically-feasible exercise test in paraplegic annual reviews: a tool for stratified cardiopulmonary stress performance classification and monitoring” Int. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2013, Issue 1, No. 9, pp 1-9. doi:10.4172/2329-9096

Bernard A. Conway, David B. Allan^,Sujay S. Galen ‘Development and validation of a low-cost, portable and wireless gait assessment tool’Catherine A. Macleod, Med Eng & Phys doi: 10.1016/j medengphys.2013.11.011^,

Vuckovic Aleksandra, Hasan Muhammad A, Fraser Mathew, Conway Bernie, Allan David B A Pilot Study on Clinical and Neurological Effects of Neurofeedback Training for Treatment of Central Neuropathic Pain Replace, Repair, Restore, Relieve – Bridging Clinical and Engineering Solutions in Neurorehabilitation Volume 7, 2014, pp 823-831. doi:10.1007/978

Coupaud Sylvie, McLean Alan N, Grant Stanley J, Berry Helen R and Allan David B“A Model for incorporating a Clinically-feasible exercise Test in Paraplegic Annual Reviews: A tool for stratified Cardiopulmonary Stress Performance Classification and Monitoring’ Int J Phys Med & Rehabil Vol 1 Issue 9 2013. doi:10.1472

McLachlan, Angus J.; McLean, Alan N.; Allan, David B.; Gollee, H. “Changes in pulmonary function measures following a passive abdominal functional electrical stimulation training program” Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine MAR 2013 Volume: 36 Issue: 2 Pages: 97-103. doi:10.1179

Craven C.D., Gollee H., Coupaud S., Purcell M.,P., Allan, D.,B., “Investigation of robotic-assisted tilt-table therapy for early-stage spinal cord rehabilitation” J Rehab Res Dev 2013;50(3): Pages 367 – 378

Lindsay,S.L.,Johnston,S.A.,Mountford,J.C.,Sheikh,S.,.Allan,D.B.,Clark,L.and Barnett, S.C. 2013 “Human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from olfactory biopsies but not bone enhance CNS myelination in vitro” Glia,61(3).pp368-382 ISSN 0894-1491(doi:10.1002/glia.22440)

Macdonald, A.S. 2013 “The Inner Resource: enabling the designer within us all – a case study” The Design Journal Vol16,Issue 2 pp175-196

Campbell E.,Design and Rehabilitation <http://www.the rsa.org/action-research-centre/enterprise-and-design/design/design and rehabilitation. 2013

Macdonald A.S Exploring design’s potential agency in changing roles and responsibilities in SCI rehabilitation. Design4Health 2013. Sheffield Hallam University. In Eds, A. Yoxall, K Christer:Proceedings of the 2^nd European Coference on Design 4 Health 2013, Sheffield July 2013. ISBN 978-1-84387-373-0

Macdonald A.S. Utilizing the designer within: a healthcare case study. In Eds, E Brandt, P Ehn, T D Johansson, M Hellstrom Reimer, T Markussen, A Vallgarda, NORDES 2013. Experiments in design research, The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Schools Architecture, Design and Conservation, pp 350-353

Anwar, F., Al-Khayer, A., El-Mahrouki,.H., Purcell,M.. “Gastrointestinal bleeding in spinal injuries: is prophylaxis essential?” British Journal of Medical Practitioners March 2013 Vol6 No1