Dr Antonia Ho

Clinical Senior Lecturer/Consultant in Infectious Diseases (Virology)

telephone: 01413305725
email: Antonia.Ho@glasgow.ac.uk

Biography

Antonia Ho is a Clinical Senior Lecturer at the MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, and an Honorary Consultant in Infectious Diseases.

She obtained her medical degree from University of Glasgow and trained in Infectious Diseases and Medicine in London and Glasgow.

After completing an MSc in Epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, she undertook a Wellcome Trust Clinical PhD Fellowship at the Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme in Blantyre, Malawi, investigating the impact of HIV infection on the burden and severity of influenza illness in Malawian adults.

Research interests

Virus image CVR Supporting COVID-19 Research Response

My research focuses on the clinical epidemiology of influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and other respiratory viral infections in UK and sub-Saharan Africa.

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the commonest cause of illness in all ages, and are also a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The advent of molecular diagnostic tests has led to the growing recognition that respiratory viruses cause a substantial proportion of ARI.

My research aims to:

Characterise the burden of respiratory viral infections
Define risk factors for severe disease
Explore viral-bacterial and viral-viral interactions
Improve the diagnosis of respiratory viral infections, using next-generation sequencing techniques and evaluating low-cost point-of-care assays
Design and evaluate optimum preventative strategies to reduce the burden of ARI

Clinical role: I am an Honorary Consultant in Infectious Diseases at the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital in Glasgow, and University Hospital Monklands in Airdrie. Additionally, I am the local PI for the SIREN and VIBRANT studies.

Teaching: I supervise PhD students, and teach on the BSc/MSci Immunology, BSc/MSci Microbiology, Glasgow Diploma of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (DTMH), SSC in Research Methods, and MSc in Critical Care.

Committees:

National/International
- Scottish Medicines Consortium/ National Institute for Clinical Excellence Single Technology Appraisal: Tixagevimab–cilgavimab for preventing COVID-19 – Clinical Expert (Jan 2023)
- Scottish Medicines Consortium/ National Institute for Clinical Excellence Multiple Technology Appraisal: Therapeutics for people with COVID-19 – Clinical Expert (Oct 2022)
- Department of Health and Social Care Advisory Group on Serology testing (May 2020 – May 2022)
- NIHR Urgent Public Health Group – Infection Lead, Scotland (May 2020 – March 2021)
- European Scientific Working Group on Influenza (ESWI) Influenza Conference Scientific Committee (2020-present)

UofG/NHS

CVR Genetic Modification Safety Committee (Jan 2019 - present)

CVR Crisis Management Team (March 2020 - present)

University of Glasgow Covid-19 Taskforce (March 2020 - present)

NHS Greater Glasgow Covid-19 R&D Taskforce (June 2020 - present)

Research programmes:

Respiratory infections
Viral genomics & bioinformatics

Publications

List by: Type | Date

Jump to: 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010

Number of items: 72.

2024

Liew, F. et al. (2024) Large-scale phenotyping of patients with long COVID post-hospitalization reveals mechanistic subtypes of disease. Nature Immunology, 25(4), pp. 607-621. (doi: 10.1038/s41590-024-01778-0) (PMID:38589621)

Morrow, A. J. et al. (2024) Socioeconomic deprivation and illness trajectory in the Scottish population after COVID-19 hospitalization. Communications Medicine, 4, 32. (doi: 10.1038/s43856-024-00455-5) (PMID:38418616) (PMCID:PMC10901805)

Kovacs, D. et al. (2024) Epidemiology of human seasonal coronaviruses among people with mild and severe acute respiratory illness in Blantyre, Malawi, 2011–2017. Journal of Infectious Diseases, (doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad587) (Early Online Publication)

Vink, E. et al. (2024) Prevalence of endemic respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic in urban and rural Malawi. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 11(2), ofad643. (doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad643) (PMID:38312213) (PMCID:PMC10836885)

2023

Willett, B. J. et al. (2023) Omicron BA.2.86 cross-neutralising activity in community sera from the UK. Lancet, 402(10417), pp. 2075-2076. (doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02397-8) (PMID:37952549)

Banda, L. et al. (2023) Characterising the evolving SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in urban and rural Malawi between February 2021 and April 2022: A population-based cohort study. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 137, pp. 118-125. (doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.10.020) (PMCID:PMC10695832)

Berry, C. et al. (2023) Mental health symptoms and illness trajectory following COVID-19 hospitalization: A cohort study. Heart and Mind, 7(4), pp. 235-245. (doi: 10.4103/hm.HM-D-23-00037)

Roper, K. J. et al. (2023) Quantifying neutralising antibody responses against SARS‑CoV‑2 in dried blood spots (DBS) and paired sera. Scientific Reports, 13, 15014. (doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-41928-2) (PMID:37697014) (PMCID:PMC10495436)

Ho, A. et al. (2023) Adeno-associated virus 2 infection in children with non-A-E hepatitis. Nature, 617(7961), pp. 555-563. (doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-05948-2) (PMID:36996873)

Morfopoulou, S. et al. (2023) Genomic investigations of unexplained acute hepatitis in children. Nature, 617(7961), pp. 564-573. (doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06003-w) (PMID:36996872)

Kartsonaki, C. et al. (2023) Characteristics and outcomes of an international cohort of 600 000 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. International Journal of Epidemiology, 52(2), pp. 355-376. (doi: 10.1093/ije/dyad012) (PMID:36850054) (PMCID:PMC10114094)

Parker, E. et al. (2023) SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses associate with sex, age and disease severity in previously uninfected people admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an ISARIC4C prospective study. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1146702. (doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146702) (PMID:37056776) (PMCID:PMC10087108)

Mseka, U. L. et al. (2023) Omicron B.1.1.529 variant infections associated with severe disease are uncommon in a COVID-19 under-vaccinated, high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence population in Malawi. EClinicalMedicine, 56, 101800. (doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101800) (PMID:36600885) (PMCID:PMC9800171)

Liew, F. et al. (2023) SARS-CoV-2-specific nasal IgA wanes 9 months after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and is not induced by subsequent vaccination. EBioMedicine, 87, 104402. (doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104402) (PMID:36543718) (PMCID:PMC9762734)

Sykes, R. et al. (2023) Adjudicated myocarditis and multisystem illness trajectory in healthcare workers post-COVID-19. Open Heart, 10(1), e002192. (doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2022-002192) (PMID:36822817) (PMCID:PMC9950584)

Turtle, L. et al. (2023) Outcome of COVID-19 in hospitalised immunocompromised patients: an analysis of the WHO ISARIC CCP-UK prospective cohort study. PLoS Medicine, 20(1), e1004086. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004086) (PMID:36719907) (PMCID:PMC9928075)

2022

Vink, E. et al. (2022) Viral co-infections in hospitalised COVID-19 patients recruited to the ISARIC WHO CCP-UK study. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 9(11), ofac531. (doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac531) (PMID:36381618) (PMCID:PMC9619746)

Vink, E. and Ho, A. (2022) SARS-CoV-2: can isolation be limited to those who are truly infectious? Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 10(11), pp. 1011-1013. (doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00272-7) (PMID:36228636) (PMCID:PMC9550193)

Ijaz, S. et al. (2022) Mapping of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG in gingival crevicular fluid: antibody dynamics and linkage to severity of COVID-19 in hospital inpatients. Journal of Infection, 85(2), pp. 152-160. (doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.05.033) (PMID:35667482) (PMCID:PMC9163047)

Mangion, K. et al. (2022) Multi-system investigation of COVID-19 illness. British Cardiovascular Society Annual Conference, ‘100 years of Cardiology’, Manchester, UK, 06-08 June 2022. A122.1-A122. (doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-BCS.157)

Knight, S. R. et al. (2022) Prospective validation of the 4C prognostic models for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol. Thorax, 77(6), pp. 606-615. (doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217629) (PMID:34810237) (PMCID:PMC8610617)

Morrow, A. J. et al. (2022) A multisystem, cardio-renal investigation of post-COVID-19 illness. Nature Medicine, 28(6), pp. 1303-1313. (doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-01837-9) (PMID:35606551) (PMCID:PMC9205780)

Correia, G. D. S. et al. (2022) 1H NMR signals from urine excreted protein are a source of bias in probabilistic quotient normalization. Analytical Chemistry, 94(19), pp. 6919-6923. (doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00466) (PMID:35503092) (PMCID:PMC9118196)

Relph, K. A. et al. (2022) Procalcitonin is not a reliable biomarker of bacterial coinfection in people with coronavirus disease 2019 undergoing microbiological investigation at the time of hospital admission. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 9(5), ofac179. (doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac179) (PMID:35531376) (PMCID:PMC9070482)

Marsh, K. et al. (2022) Investigation into cases of hepatitis of unknown aetiology among young children, Scotland, 1 January 2022 to 12 April 2022. Eurosurveillance, 27(15), 2200318. (doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.15.2200318) (PMID:35426362) (PMCID:PMC9012090)

Närhi, F. et al. (2022) Implementation of corticosteroids in treatment of COVID-19 in the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK: prospective, cohort study. Lancet Digital Health, 4(4), e220-e234. (doi: 10.1016/S2589-7500(22)00018-8) (PMID:35337642) (PMCID:PMC8940185)

Sullivan, M. K. et al. (2022) Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 from the ISARIC WHO CCP-UK Study: a prospective, multicentre cohort study. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 37(2), pp. 271-284. (doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfab303) (PMID:34661677) (PMCID:PMC8788218)

Reyes, L. F. et al. (2022) Clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 registered in the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: a prospective, multinational, multicentre, observational study. ERJ Open Research, 8(1), 00552-2021. (doi: 10.1183/23120541.00552-2021) (PMID:35169585) (PMCID:PMC8669808)

2021

Niemi, M. E. K. et al. (2021) Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19. Nature, 600(7889), pp. 472-477. (doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03767-x) (PMID:34237774) (PMCID:PMC8674144)

Berry, C. et al. (2021) Post-COVID-19 illness trajectory: a multisystem investigation [Pre-print]. Research Square, (doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1053331/v1)

Quintana-Domeque, C., Lee, I., Zhang, A. , Proto, E. , Battisti, M. and Ho, A. (2021) Anxiety and depression among medical doctors in Catalonia, Italy, and the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS ONE, 16(11), e0259213. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259213) (PMID:34727110) (PMCID:PMC8562811)

Wickenhagen, A. et al. (2021) A prenylated dsRNA sensor protects against severe COVID-19. Science, 374(6567), eabj3624. (doi: 10.1126/science.abj3624) (PMID:34581622)

Sigfrid, L. et al. (2021) Long Covid in adults discharged from UK hospitals after Covid-19: a prospective, multicentre cohort study using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol. Lancet Regional Health - Europe, 8, 100186. (doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100186) (PMID:34386785) (PMCID:PMC8343377)

Morehouse, Z. P., Samikwa, L., Proctor, C. M., Meleke, H., Kamdolozi, M., Ryan, G. L., Chaima, D., Ho, A. , Nash, R. J. and Nyirenda, T. S. (2021) Validation of a direct-to-PCR COVID-19 detection protocol utilizing mechanical homogenization: a model for reducing resources needed for accurate testing. PLoS ONE, 16(8), e0256316. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256316) (PMID:34407126) (PMCID:PMC8372900)

Russell, C. D. et al. (2021) Co-infections, secondary infections, and antimicrobial use in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 during the first pandemic wave from the ISARIC WHO CCP-UK study: a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Lancet Microbe, 2(8), e354-e365. (doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00090-2) (PMID:34100002) (PMCID:PMC8172149)

Read, J. M., Bridgen, J. R. E., Cummings, D. A. T., Ho, A. and Jewell, C. P. (2021) Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV (COVID-19): early estimation of epidemiological parameters and epidemic size estimates. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 376(1829), 20200265. (doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0265) (PMID:34053269) (PMCID:PMC8165596)

Drake, T. M. et al. (2021) Characterisation of in-hospital complications associated with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK: a prospective, multicentre cohort study. Lancet, 398(10296), pp. 223-237. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00799-6) (PMID:34274064) (PMCID:PMC8285118)

Docherty, A. B. et al. (2021) Changes in in-hospital mortality in the first wave of COVID-19: a multicentre prospective observational cohort study using the WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK. Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 9(7), pp. 773-785. (doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00175-2) (PMID:34000238) (PMCID:PMC8121531)

Li, K. K. et al. (2021) Genetic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in renal dialysis units - a high risk community-hospital interface. Journal of Infection, 83(1), pp. 96-103. (doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.04.020) (PMID:33895226) (PMCID:PMC8061788)

Ho, A. (2021) Community-acquired pneumonia. In: Broaddus, V. C., Ernst, J., King, Jr., T. E., Lazarus, S., Sarmiento, K. F., Schnapp, L. M., Stapleton, R. and Gotway, M. B. (eds.) Murray & Nadel’s Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. Elsevier. ISBN 9780323655873

Gupta, R. K. et al. (2021) Development and validation of the ISARIC 4C Deterioration model for adults hospitalised with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 9(4), pp. 349-359. (doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30559-2) (PMID:33444539) (PMCID:PMC7832571)

Hughes, E. C. et al. (2021) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 serosurveillance in a patient population reveals differences in virus exposure and antibody-mediated immunity according to host demography and healthcare setting. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 223(6), pp. 971-980. (doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa788) (PMID:33367847) (PMCID:PMC7798933)

Sigfrid, L. et al. (2021) What is the recovery rate and risk of long-term consequences following a diagnosis of COVID-19? A harmonised, global longitudinal observational study protocol. BMJ Open, 11(3), e043887. (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043887) (PMID:33692181) (PMCID:PMC7948153)

Pairo-Castineira, E. et al. (2021) Genetic mechanisms of critical illness in Covid-19. Nature, 591(7848), pp. 92-98. (doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-03065-y) (PMID:33307546)

Thomson, E. C. et al. (2021) Circulating SARS-CoV-2 spike N439K variants maintain fitness while evading antibody-mediated immunity. Cell, 184(5), 1171-1187.e20. (doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.037) (PMID:33621484) (PMCID:PMC7843029)

Lafond, K. E. et al. (2021) Global burden of influenza-associated lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine, 18(3), e1003550. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003550) (PMID:33647033) (PMCID:PMC7959367)

Cevik, M., Tate, M., Lloyd, O., Maraolo, A. E., Schafers, J. and Ho, A. (2021) SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV viral load dynamics, duration of viral shedding and infectiousness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Microbe, 2(1), e13-e22. (doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30172-5)

Da Silva Filipe, A. et al. (2021) Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 from mainland Europe into Scotland. Nature Microbiology, 6(1), pp. 112-122. (doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-00838-z) (PMID:33349681)

2020

Mangion, K. et al. (2020) The Chief Scientist Office cardiovascular and pulmonary imaging in SARS Coronavirus disease-19 (CISCO-19) study. Cardiovascular Research, 116(14), pp. 2185-2196. (doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa209) (PMID:32702087) (PMCID:PMC7454350)

Knight, S. R. et al. (2020) Risk stratification of patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: development and validation of the 4C Mortality Score. British Medical Journal, 2020, 370. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3339) (PMID:32907855)

Swann, O. V. et al. (2020) Clinical characteristics of children and young people admitted to hospital with covid-19 in United Kingdom: prospective multicentre observational cohort study. British Medical Journal, 370, m3249. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3249) (PMID:32960186) (PMCID:PMC7488201)

Nickbakhsh, S. , Ho, A. , Marques, D. F.P., McMenamin, J., Gunson, R. N. and Murcia, P. R. (2020) Reply to Li et al. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 222(4), pp. 696-698. (doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa322) (PMID:32497172)

Nickbakhsh, S. , Ho, A. , Marques, D. F.P., McMenamin, J., Gunson, R. N. and Murcia, P. R. (2020) Epidemiology of seasonal coronaviruses: establishing the context for the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 222(1), pp. 17-25. (doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa185) (PMID:32296837) (PMCID:PMC7184404)

Cevik, M., Bamford, C. and Ho, A. (2020) COVID-19 Pandemic – a focused review for clinicians. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 26(7), pp. 842-847. (doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.04.023) (PMID:32344166) (PMCID:PMC7182753)

Harrison, E. M. et al. (2020) Ethnicity and outcomes from COVID-19: the ISARIC CCP-UK prospective observational cohort study of hospitalised patients. SSRN Electronic Journal, (doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3618215) (Submitted)

Akhvlediani, T. et al. (2020) Global outbreak research: harmony not hegemony. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(7), pp. 770-772. (doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30440-0) (PMID:32502433) (PMCID:PMC7266570)

Docherty, A. B. et al. (2020) Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study. British Medical Journal, 369, m1985. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1985) (PMID:32444460)

2019

Ho, A. et al. (2019) Impact of maternal HIV infection and placental malaria on the transplacental transfer of influenza antibodies in mother-infant pairs in Malawi. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 6(10), ofz383. (doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofz383) (PMID:31660347) (PMCID:PMC6785697)

Aston, S. J. et al. (2019) Etiology and risk factors for mortality in an adult community-acquired pneumonia cohort in Malawi. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 200(3), pp. 359-369. (doi: 10.1164/rccm.201807-1333OC) (PMID:30625278) (PMCID:PMC6680311)

Sabroe, I., Ho, A. and Dockrell, D. H. (2019) Human rhinovirus inhibits macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: More than a common cold. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 199(12), pp. 1451-1452. (doi: 10.1164/rccm.201812-2283ED) (PMID:30571921) (PMCID:PMC6580668)

2018

Ho, A. et al. (2018) Impact of human immunodeficiency virus on the burden and severity of influenza illness in Malawian adults: a prospective cohort and parallel case-control study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 66(6), pp. 865-876. (doi: 10.1093/cid/cix903)

Ho, A. et al. (2018) Epidemiology of severe acute respiratory illness and risk factors for influenza infection and clinical severity among adults in Malawi, 2011–2013. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 99(3), pp. 772-779. (doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0905) (PMID:30039785)

2017

Jary, H. R., Aston, S., Ho, A. , Giorgi, E., Kalata, N., Nyirenda, M., Mallewa, J., Peterson, I., Gordon, S. B. and Mortimer, K. (2017) Household air pollution, chronic respiratory disease and pneumonia in Malawian adults: A case-control study. Wellcome Open Research, 2, 103. (doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12621.1) (PMID:29387802) (PMCID:PMC5730861)

2016

Ghebrehewet, S., MacPherson, P. and Ho, A. (2016) Influenza. British Medical Journal, 355, i6258. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.i6258) (PMID:27927672) (PMCID:PMC5141587)

Peterson, I. et al. (2016) Respiratory virus–associated severe acute respiratory illness and viral clustering in Malawian children in a setting with a high prevalence of HIV infection, malaria, and malnutrition. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 214(11), pp. 1700-1711. (doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiw426) (PMID:27630199) (PMCID:PMC5341080)

Geretti, A. M. et al. (2016) British HIV Association guidelines on the use of vaccines in HIV-positive adults 2015. HIV Medicine, 17, s2-s81. (doi: 10.1111/hiv.12424) (PMID:27568789)

2014

Ho, A. (2014) Viral pneumonia in adults and older children in sub-Saharan Africa — epidemiology, aetiology, diagnosis and management. Pneumonia, 5(S1), pp. 18-29. (doi: 10.15172/pneu.2014.5/446)

2013

Duncan, C. J. A., Barr, D. A., Ho, A. , Sharp, E., Semple, L. and Seaton, R. A. (2013) Risk factors for failure of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) in infective endocarditis. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 68(7), pp. 1650-1654. (doi: 10.1093/jac/dkt046) (PMID:23475647) (PMCID:PMC3682687)

2012

Ho, A. (2012) HIV seroconversion. In: Dancer, S. J. and Seaton, R. A. (eds.) Problem Solving in Infection. Clinical Publishing: Oxford, pp. 197-200. ISBN 9781904392835

2011

Ho, A. and Fox, R. (2011) Tailoring response-based treatment for hepatitis C. Viral Hepatitis in Practice, 3(1), pp. 1-5.

2010

Ho, A. , Shankland, G.S. and Seaton, R.A. (2010) Penicillium marneffei infection presenting as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an HIV patient. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 21(11), pp. 780-782. (doi: 10.1258/ijsa.2010.010164) (PMID:21187363)

Ho, A. , Fox, R., Seaton, R.A., MacConnachie, A., Peters, E., Mackintosh, C.L., Todd, W.T.A., Kennedy, N., Dundas, S. and Gunson, R. (2010) Hospitalised adult patients with suspected 2009 H1N1 infection at regional infectious diseases units in Scotland – most had alternative final diagnoses. Journal of Infection, 60(1), pp. 83-85. (doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2009.11.001) (PMID:19896500)

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