Ms Carolyn Blake
- Research Fellow (Public Health)
email:
Carolyn.Blake@glasgow.ac.uk
Public Health, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears building, 90 Byres Road, Glasgow, G12 8TB
Biography
I am a public health researcher and programme advisor. A majority of my work focuses on sexual and reproductive health, participatory approaches, and systems thinking.
Background
I studied Social and Political Sciences (BA) at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland (2004-2008), and have a MSc in Global Health, IGHD, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh (2009-2010).
Before joining the University of Glasgow in September 2018, I worked in public health research, evaluation and programme design in Sub-Saharan Africa (8+ years), as well as Switzerland, and Eastern Europe. I worked on both multi-country programmes/evaluations, as well as smaller scale evaluations in 15+ countries.
Previous positions:
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel (2011-2017)
- Concern Worldwide, Zambia (2011)
- International Organisation for Migration (IOM), Geneva (2010)
Research interests
I use mixed-methods research to develop and evaluate interventions that reduce health inequalities and promote greater social and gender justice.
Current research interests
- Sexual and reproductive health
- Sexual harassment
- Gender-based violence
- Participatory systems mapping
- Systems thinking
- Social accountability and governance in public health
Current project(s):
- Equally Safe at School (2023-2026). Research coordinator and Co-I. Whole-school approach to addressing Gender-Based violence (GBV) in secondary school (Equally Safe at School): A pragmatic cluster-randomised trial and mixed-methods evaluation. This three year project is funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR).
Recent completed projects:
- Participatory Systems Mapping (PSM) approaches in population health research (2021-2024). Coordinator. This objective of this project is to develop a taxonomy of PSM approaches, best-practice methods guidance and toolkit in the area of population health. Other project partners include: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge; ESRC Centre for the Evaluation of Complexity Across the Nexus (CECAN), University of Surrey; UKPRP SIPHER Consortium; UKRI Mandala Consortium.
- CONUNDRUM Action (2022-2023). Co-Principal Investigator. A participatory project aiming to increase young people’s meaningful involvement in sexual health policymaking and service improvement in Scotland. The project was funded by the University of Glasgow, three NHS health boards and Scottish Government.
- Katawag (2021-2022). Coordinator. and Co-I. Katawag is a formative research that aims to develop a systems-informed workplace intervention to promote mental health and reduce HIV risk among call centre workers in the Philippines. The project is a joint venture between research teams at De La Salle University in the Philippines, and University of Glasgow.
- Equally Safe at School (2018-2021): Pilot study of a whole-school approach to preventing and responding to gender-based violence in Scottish Secondary schools. The pilot intervention is implemented by Rape Crisis.
- CONUNDRUM (2019-2021). Co-Principal Investigator. CONdoms and CONtraception UNDerstandings: Researching Uptake and Motivation. Commissioned by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Lanarkshire, and Lothian, in partnership with the Scottish Government, this study examined the multi-level and complex factors shaping young people’s use and non-use of condoms and contraception. A diverse range of young people and key stakeholders (e.g. service providers and decision-makers) took part in the research process, to generate in-depth understanding of the issue, and to co-produce recommendations for future sexual health policy and service provision.
Publications
2026
Blake, C. et al. (2026) Participatory systems mapping: a review of population health research practice. Health Research Policy and Systems, (doi: 10.1186/s12961-026-01457-6) (Early Online Publication)
2025
Mitchell, Kirstin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601, Purvis, Anthony, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Taylor, Rod S.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3043-6011 and Moore, Laurence
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-823X
(2025)
Is a ‘crisis of masculinity’ evident in UK secondary student attitudes towards gender equality, gender stereotypes and sexual harassment?
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health,
(doi: 10.1136/jech-2025-224252)
(PMID:40628497)
(Early Online Publication)
Hamilton, C. et al. (2025) Evaluating a whole-school approach to addressing gender-based violence in Scottish secondary schools (Equally Safe at School): a study protocol for a type I hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial. BMJ Open, 15(2), e096596. (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-096596) (PMID:39956602) (PMCID:PMC11831264)
2024
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Riddell, Julie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-4566, Willis, Malachi
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3173-3990, Wylie, Laura, Dawson, Kathryn, Moore, Laurence
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-823X and Mitchell, Kirstin R.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2024)
Prevention of, and response to, sexual harassment at secondary school: a system map.
Social Science and Medicine, 358,
117092.
(doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117092)
(PMID:39216136)
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Riddell, Julie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-4566, Willis, Malachi
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3173-3990, Wylie, Laura, Dawson, Kathryn, Moore, Laurence
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-823X and Mitchell, Kirstin R.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2024)
Briefing: Prevention of, and response to, sexual harassment at secondary school: a system map.
Documentation.
University of Glasgow.
Demou, Evangelia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8616-525X, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Llorin, Charisse Tan, Salanga, Maria Guadalupe, Mateo, Nino Jose, Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188 and Mitchell, Kirstin R.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2024)
Group-level workplace interventions to improve mental health in low control, high demand office-based jobs. A scoping review.
Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 68(4),
pp. 335-350.
(doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxae012)
(PMID:38489824)
(PMCID:PMC11033569)
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Turner, Billie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-4121, Mitchell, Kirstin
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601 and Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188
(2024)
What factors influence young people’s involvement in policymaking and service improvement? A systems perspective.
NHS Research Scotland (NRS) and Chief Scientist Office (CSO) Patient and Public Involvement Event 2024, Dundee, Scotland, 12 Mar 2024.
Lewis, Ruth ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Turner, Billie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-4121, Mitchell, Kirstin
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601 and Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290
(2024)
Understanding the impacts of public involvement in policy-engaged health research: Insights from participatory evaluation of a multi-sector sexual health research collaboration (CONUNDRUM).
NHS Research Scotland (NRS) and Chief Scientist Office (CSO) Patient and Public Involvement Event 2024, Dundee, Scotland, 12 Mar 2024.
Blake, C. et al. (2024) Participatory systems mapping for population health research, policy and practice: guidance on method choice and design. Documentation. University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. (doi: 10.36399/gla.pubs.316563).
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Turner, Billie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-4121, Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188 and CONUNDRUM Action Group
(2024)
Young people’s involvement in policy and service improvement.
[Artefact]
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Turner, Billie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-4121 and Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188
(2024)
What drives the involvement of young people in policy making and service improvement? Insights from a map of Scotland’s sexual health system.
Project Report.
University of Glasgow, Glasgow.
2023
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Turner, Billie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-4121 and Mitchell, Kirstin
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2023)
Using participatory systems mapping to understand young people’s involvement in sexual health policy and service improvement.
17th International Congress of Behavioral Medicine From Local to Global: Behavior, Climate and Health, Vancouver, Canada, 23-26 Aug 2023.
Guadalupe Salanga, Maria, Jose Mateo, Nino, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Tan, Charisse, Demou, Evangelia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8616-525X, Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188 and Mitchell, Kirstin
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2023)
Mental health and wellbeing in Filipino call centres: Using participatory systems mapping to understand workplace environments.
17th International Congress of Behavioral Medicine: From Local to Global: Behavior, Climate and Health, Vancouver, Canada, 23-26 Aug 2023.
Turner, Billie ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-4121, Astbury, Kate, Bell, Mya, Gascoigne, Rebecca, Nakamaura, Yu, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290 and Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188
(2023)
Young people’s priorities for digital sexual health promotion: findings from a peer
engagement (CONUNDRUM Action).
Project Report.
University of Glasgow.
Lewis, Ruth ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Boydell, Nicola
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2260-8020, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Clarke, Zoe, Kernaghan, Kirsten and McMellon, Christina
(2023)
Involving young people in sexual health research and service improvement: conceptual analysis of patient and public involvement (PPI) in three projects.
BMJ Sexual and Reproductive Health, 49(2),
pp. 76-86.
(doi: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2022-201611)
(PMID:36307186)
Shore, Colin B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4058-1009, Martin, Anne
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1614-6525, Rigby, Ben
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6997-5194, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Scott, Holly, Cleland Woods, Heather
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3382-5925, Haughton, Dawn, Evans, Rhiannon E., O'Brien, Alyson and Simpson, Sharon
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6219-1768
(2023)
A Peer Influence Approach to Reduce Night-time Use of Interactive Electronic Devices and Social Media Among Adolescents (CLOCK OFF): Intervention Development Using Causal Loop Diagrams.
18th UK Society for Behavioural Medicine Annual Scientific Meeting, Birmingham, UK, 28-29 March 2023.
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Guadalupe Salanga, Maria, Jose Mateo, Nino, Tan, Charisse, Demou, Evangelia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8616-525X, Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188 and Mitchell, Kirstin
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2023)
Mental health and wellbeing in Filipino call centres: Using participatory systems mapping to understand workplace environments.
UK Society for Behavioural Medicine Annual Scientific Meeting 2023, Birmingham, UK, 28-29 Mar 2023.
Lewis, Ruth ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Turner, Billie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-4121 and Mitchell, Kirstin
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2023)
Using participatory systems mapping to understand young people’s involvement in sexual health policy and service improvement.
UK Society for Behavioural Medicine Annual Scientific Meeting 2023, Birmingham, UK, 28-29 Mar 2023.
2022
Turner, Billie ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-4121, Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Gascoigne, Rebecca and CONUNDRUM Action Group, .
(2022)
Co-producing research with young people online: Insights from a participatory sexual health project.
[Website]
Turner, Billie ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-4121, Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Astbury, Kate, Gascoigne, Rebecca and CONUNDRUM Action Group, .
(2022)
Involving young people in sexual health policy and service improvement.
[Website]
Sweeting, Helen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3321-5732, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Riddell, Julie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-4566, Barrett, Simon
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8216-2999 and Mitchell, Kirstin R.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2022)
Sexual harassment in secondary school: prevalence and ambiguities. A mixed methods study in Scottish schools.
PLoS ONE, 17(2),
e0262248.
(doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262248)
(PMID:35196313)
(PMCID:PMC8865636)
Long, E. et al. (2022) COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on social relationships and health. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 76(2), pp. 128-132. (doi: 10.1136/jech-2021-216690) (PMID:34413184) (PMCID:PMC8380476)
2021
Lewis, Ruth ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Shimonovich, Michal
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-0477, Coia, Nicky, Duffy, Johann, Kerr, Yvonne, Wilson, Jill, Graham, Cynthia Ann and Mitchell, Kirstin R.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2021)
Disrupted prevention: Condom and contraception access and use among young adults during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey.
BMJ Sexual and Reproductive Health, 47(4),
pp. 269-276.
(doi: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2020-200975)
(PMID:33707178)
(PMCID:PMC7956735)
Lewis, Ruth ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, McMellon, Christina, Riddell, Julie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-4566, Graham, Cynthia and Mitchell, Kirstin
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2021)
Understanding young people’s use and non-use of condoms and contraception: a co-developed, mixed-methods study with 16-24 year olds in Scotland. Final report from CONUNDRUM (CONdom and CONtraception UNDerstandings: Researching Uptake and Motivations).
Project Report.
MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow.
(doi: 10.36399/gla.pubs.238377).
Lewis, Ruth ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Shimonovich, Michal
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-0477, Coia, Nicky, Duffy, Johann, Kerr, Yvonne, Wilson, Jill, Graham, Cynthia and Mitchell, Kirstin
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2021)
Disrupted prevention: condom and contraception access and use among young people during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Other.
MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow.
2019
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Bohle, Leah F., Rotaru, Cristina, Zarbailov, Natalia, Sava, Valeriu, Sécula, Florence, Prytherch, Helen and Curteanu, Ala
(2019)
Quality of care for non-communicable diseases in the Republic of Moldova: a survey across primary health care facilities and pharmacies.
BMC Health Services Research, 19,
353.
(doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4180-4)
(PMID:31164125)
(PMCID:PMC6547568)
Nove, Andrea, Martin Hilber, Adriane and Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290
(2019)
Professional accountability for women’s, children’s and adolescents’ health: what
mechanisms and processes are used, what works? A systematic literature review.
Project Report.
World Health Organisation (WHO).
2017
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Bohle, Leah, Rotaru, Cristina, Secula, Florence, Zarbailov, Natalia and Curteanu, Ala
(2017)
Quality of care for non-communicable diseases: a baseline study at health facility level in Moldova.
Technical Report.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
(Unpublished)
Kessler, Claudia, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Gerold, Jana and Zahorka, Manfred
(2017)
Expert report on sexuality education in Switzerland relating to international guidelines and selected analogue countries.
Technical Report.
Public Health Services, Federal Office of Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Bern, Switzerland.
2016
Carou-Jones, V. et al. (2016) Evaluation of UNFPA Support to Adolescents and Youth 2008-2015. Technical Report. UNFPA Evaluation Office.
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Annorbah-Sarpei, Nii Ankonu, Bailey, Claire, Ismaila, Yakubu, Deganus, Sylvia, Bosomprah, Samuel, Galli, Francesco and Clark, Sarah
(2016)
Scorecards and social accountability for improved maternal and newborn health services: a pilot in the Ashanti and Volta regions of Ghana.
International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 135(3),
pp. 372-379.
(doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2016.10.004)
(PMID:27784594)
Martin Hilber, Adriane, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Bohle, Leah F., Bandali, Sarah, Agbon, Esther and Hulton, Louise
(2016)
Strengthening accountability for improved maternal and newborn health: a mapping of studies in Sub-Saharan Africa.
International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 135(3),
pp. 345-357.
(doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2016.09.008)
(PMID:27802869)
Winters, David, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, N'Goran, Marthe and Krah, Modeste
(2016)
Evaluation of UNFPA Support to Adolescents and Youth (2008-2015): Côte d’Ivoire.
Technical Report.
UNFPA Evaluation Office, New York.
Bailey, Claire, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Schriver, Michael, Cubaka, Vincent K, Thomas, Tisa and Martin Hilber, Adriane
(2016)
A systematic review of supportive supervision as a strategy to improve primary healthcare services in Sub-Saharan Africa.
International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 132(1),
pp. 117-125.
(doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.10.004)
(PMID:26653397)
2015
Bifuko, O. et al. (2015) Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health Survey: Survey Report 2014, Democratic Republic of Congo. Technical Report. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Cartana, Laura, Elouard, Yajna, Martin Hilber, Adriane, Ngabire, Emmanuel, Schwarz, Joelle, Weiss, Carine, Ngabo, Fidel, Nzamponimpa, Anicet and Merten, Sonja
(2015)
Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health: Survey Report 2014, Rwanda.
Technical Report.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
(doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13312.94724).
Gerold, Jana, Hoop, Sabine, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Merten, Sonja and Martin Hilber, Adriane
(2015)
'I try to avoid the boys!' Adolescents' Sexuality Representation in Rwanda, a Mixed Method Analysis.
9th European Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health, Basel, Switzerland, 06-10 Sep 2015.
(doi: 10.1111/tmi.12575)
Schwarz, Joelle, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Ndabihore, Nina, Weiss, Carine, Martin Hilber, Adriane and Merten, Sonja
(2015)
Pregnancy in Adolescence in the Great Lakes Region: Findings from a Multi-country Survey in South Kivu (DRC), Burundi and Rwanda.
9th European Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health, Basel, Switzerland, 06-10 Sep 2015.
(doi: 10.1111/tmi.12573)
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Elouard, Yajna, Gerold, Jana, Martin Hilber, Adriane, Merten, Sonja, Ndabihore, Nina, Schwarz, Joelle and Weiss, Carine
(2015)
Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health Survey, Survey Report 2014, Burundi.
Technical Report.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
2013
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Cartana, Laura, Castro, Gonzalo and Zahorka, Manfred
(2013)
E-Learning and Continuous Education within the Health Facility Setting: Perspectives from European Esther Alliance Partners.
Technical Report.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
2012
Samuels, Fiona, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290 and Akinrimisi, Banke
(2012)
HIV vulnerabilities and the potential for strengthening social protection responses in the context of HIV in Nigeria.
Project Report.
ODI, London, UK.
2011
Schinina, Guglielmo, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290 and Zuodar, Sabrina
(2011)
Citoyennetés, culture et santé mentale en Europe. Un aperçu des pratiques en France, en Allemagne, en Grande Bretagne, en Italie et en Suisse.
TranSfaire et Cultures, 4,
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290
(2011)
Male participation in HIV and AIDS support groups: perspectives from the Western Province of Zambia. Project Evaluation.
Technical Report.
Concern Worldwide, Lusaka, Zambia.
(Unpublished)
Samuels, Fiona and Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290
(2011)
HIV-sensitive social protection: the case of Nigeria.
Project Report.
ODI, London, UK.
Davies, Anita A., Borland, Rosyline Mae, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290 and West, Haley E.
(2011)
The dynamics of health and return migration.
PLoS Medicine, 8(6),
e1001046.
(doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001046)
(PMID:21738448)
(PMCID:PMC3124523)
Davies, Anita A., Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290 and Dhavan, Poonam
(2011)
Social determinants and risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in South Asian migrant populations in Europe.
Asia Europe Journal, 8(4),
pp. 461-473.
(doi: 10.1007/s10308-011-0291-1)
Articles
Blake, C. et al. (2026) Participatory systems mapping: a review of population health research practice. Health Research Policy and Systems, (doi: 10.1186/s12961-026-01457-6) (Early Online Publication)
Mitchell, Kirstin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601, Purvis, Anthony, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Taylor, Rod S.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3043-6011 and Moore, Laurence
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-823X
(2025)
Is a ‘crisis of masculinity’ evident in UK secondary student attitudes towards gender equality, gender stereotypes and sexual harassment?
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health,
(doi: 10.1136/jech-2025-224252)
(PMID:40628497)
(Early Online Publication)
Hamilton, C. et al. (2025) Evaluating a whole-school approach to addressing gender-based violence in Scottish secondary schools (Equally Safe at School): a study protocol for a type I hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial. BMJ Open, 15(2), e096596. (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-096596) (PMID:39956602) (PMCID:PMC11831264)
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Riddell, Julie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-4566, Willis, Malachi
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3173-3990, Wylie, Laura, Dawson, Kathryn, Moore, Laurence
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-823X and Mitchell, Kirstin R.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2024)
Prevention of, and response to, sexual harassment at secondary school: a system map.
Social Science and Medicine, 358,
117092.
(doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117092)
(PMID:39216136)
Demou, Evangelia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8616-525X, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Llorin, Charisse Tan, Salanga, Maria Guadalupe, Mateo, Nino Jose, Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188 and Mitchell, Kirstin R.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2024)
Group-level workplace interventions to improve mental health in low control, high demand office-based jobs. A scoping review.
Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 68(4),
pp. 335-350.
(doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxae012)
(PMID:38489824)
(PMCID:PMC11033569)
Lewis, Ruth ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Boydell, Nicola
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2260-8020, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Clarke, Zoe, Kernaghan, Kirsten and McMellon, Christina
(2023)
Involving young people in sexual health research and service improvement: conceptual analysis of patient and public involvement (PPI) in three projects.
BMJ Sexual and Reproductive Health, 49(2),
pp. 76-86.
(doi: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2022-201611)
(PMID:36307186)
Sweeting, Helen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3321-5732, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Riddell, Julie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-4566, Barrett, Simon
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8216-2999 and Mitchell, Kirstin R.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2022)
Sexual harassment in secondary school: prevalence and ambiguities. A mixed methods study in Scottish schools.
PLoS ONE, 17(2),
e0262248.
(doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262248)
(PMID:35196313)
(PMCID:PMC8865636)
Long, E. et al. (2022) COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on social relationships and health. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 76(2), pp. 128-132. (doi: 10.1136/jech-2021-216690) (PMID:34413184) (PMCID:PMC8380476)
Lewis, Ruth ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Shimonovich, Michal
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-0477, Coia, Nicky, Duffy, Johann, Kerr, Yvonne, Wilson, Jill, Graham, Cynthia Ann and Mitchell, Kirstin R.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2021)
Disrupted prevention: Condom and contraception access and use among young adults during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey.
BMJ Sexual and Reproductive Health, 47(4),
pp. 269-276.
(doi: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2020-200975)
(PMID:33707178)
(PMCID:PMC7956735)
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Bohle, Leah F., Rotaru, Cristina, Zarbailov, Natalia, Sava, Valeriu, Sécula, Florence, Prytherch, Helen and Curteanu, Ala
(2019)
Quality of care for non-communicable diseases in the Republic of Moldova: a survey across primary health care facilities and pharmacies.
BMC Health Services Research, 19,
353.
(doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4180-4)
(PMID:31164125)
(PMCID:PMC6547568)
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Annorbah-Sarpei, Nii Ankonu, Bailey, Claire, Ismaila, Yakubu, Deganus, Sylvia, Bosomprah, Samuel, Galli, Francesco and Clark, Sarah
(2016)
Scorecards and social accountability for improved maternal and newborn health services: a pilot in the Ashanti and Volta regions of Ghana.
International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 135(3),
pp. 372-379.
(doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2016.10.004)
(PMID:27784594)
Martin Hilber, Adriane, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Bohle, Leah F., Bandali, Sarah, Agbon, Esther and Hulton, Louise
(2016)
Strengthening accountability for improved maternal and newborn health: a mapping of studies in Sub-Saharan Africa.
International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 135(3),
pp. 345-357.
(doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2016.09.008)
(PMID:27802869)
Bailey, Claire, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Schriver, Michael, Cubaka, Vincent K, Thomas, Tisa and Martin Hilber, Adriane
(2016)
A systematic review of supportive supervision as a strategy to improve primary healthcare services in Sub-Saharan Africa.
International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 132(1),
pp. 117-125.
(doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.10.004)
(PMID:26653397)
Schinina, Guglielmo, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290 and Zuodar, Sabrina
(2011)
Citoyennetés, culture et santé mentale en Europe. Un aperçu des pratiques en France, en Allemagne, en Grande Bretagne, en Italie et en Suisse.
TranSfaire et Cultures, 4,
Davies, Anita A., Borland, Rosyline Mae, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290 and West, Haley E.
(2011)
The dynamics of health and return migration.
PLoS Medicine, 8(6),
e1001046.
(doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001046)
(PMID:21738448)
(PMCID:PMC3124523)
Davies, Anita A., Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290 and Dhavan, Poonam
(2011)
Social determinants and risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in South Asian migrant populations in Europe.
Asia Europe Journal, 8(4),
pp. 461-473.
(doi: 10.1007/s10308-011-0291-1)
Research Reports or Papers
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Riddell, Julie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-4566, Willis, Malachi
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3173-3990, Wylie, Laura, Dawson, Kathryn, Moore, Laurence
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-823X and Mitchell, Kirstin R.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2024)
Briefing: Prevention of, and response to, sexual harassment at secondary school: a system map.
Documentation.
University of Glasgow.
Blake, C. et al. (2024) Participatory systems mapping for population health research, policy and practice: guidance on method choice and design. Documentation. University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. (doi: 10.36399/gla.pubs.316563).
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Turner, Billie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-4121 and Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188
(2024)
What drives the involvement of young people in policy making and service improvement? Insights from a map of Scotland’s sexual health system.
Project Report.
University of Glasgow, Glasgow.
Turner, Billie ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-4121, Astbury, Kate, Bell, Mya, Gascoigne, Rebecca, Nakamaura, Yu, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290 and Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188
(2023)
Young people’s priorities for digital sexual health promotion: findings from a peer
engagement (CONUNDRUM Action).
Project Report.
University of Glasgow.
Lewis, Ruth ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, McMellon, Christina, Riddell, Julie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-4566, Graham, Cynthia and Mitchell, Kirstin
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2021)
Understanding young people’s use and non-use of condoms and contraception: a co-developed, mixed-methods study with 16-24 year olds in Scotland. Final report from CONUNDRUM (CONdom and CONtraception UNDerstandings: Researching Uptake and Motivations).
Project Report.
MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow.
(doi: 10.36399/gla.pubs.238377).
Lewis, Ruth ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Shimonovich, Michal
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-0477, Coia, Nicky, Duffy, Johann, Kerr, Yvonne, Wilson, Jill, Graham, Cynthia and Mitchell, Kirstin
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2021)
Disrupted prevention: condom and contraception access and use among young people during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Other.
MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow.
Nove, Andrea, Martin Hilber, Adriane and Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290
(2019)
Professional accountability for women’s, children’s and adolescents’ health: what
mechanisms and processes are used, what works? A systematic literature review.
Project Report.
World Health Organisation (WHO).
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Bohle, Leah, Rotaru, Cristina, Secula, Florence, Zarbailov, Natalia and Curteanu, Ala
(2017)
Quality of care for non-communicable diseases: a baseline study at health facility level in Moldova.
Technical Report.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
(Unpublished)
Kessler, Claudia, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Gerold, Jana and Zahorka, Manfred
(2017)
Expert report on sexuality education in Switzerland relating to international guidelines and selected analogue countries.
Technical Report.
Public Health Services, Federal Office of Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Bern, Switzerland.
Carou-Jones, V. et al. (2016) Evaluation of UNFPA Support to Adolescents and Youth 2008-2015. Technical Report. UNFPA Evaluation Office.
Winters, David, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, N'Goran, Marthe and Krah, Modeste
(2016)
Evaluation of UNFPA Support to Adolescents and Youth (2008-2015): Côte d’Ivoire.
Technical Report.
UNFPA Evaluation Office, New York.
Bifuko, O. et al. (2015) Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health Survey: Survey Report 2014, Democratic Republic of Congo. Technical Report. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Cartana, Laura, Elouard, Yajna, Martin Hilber, Adriane, Ngabire, Emmanuel, Schwarz, Joelle, Weiss, Carine, Ngabo, Fidel, Nzamponimpa, Anicet and Merten, Sonja
(2015)
Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health: Survey Report 2014, Rwanda.
Technical Report.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
(doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13312.94724).
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Elouard, Yajna, Gerold, Jana, Martin Hilber, Adriane, Merten, Sonja, Ndabihore, Nina, Schwarz, Joelle and Weiss, Carine
(2015)
Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health Survey, Survey Report 2014, Burundi.
Technical Report.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Cartana, Laura, Castro, Gonzalo and Zahorka, Manfred
(2013)
E-Learning and Continuous Education within the Health Facility Setting: Perspectives from European Esther Alliance Partners.
Technical Report.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
Samuels, Fiona, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290 and Akinrimisi, Banke
(2012)
HIV vulnerabilities and the potential for strengthening social protection responses in the context of HIV in Nigeria.
Project Report.
ODI, London, UK.
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290
(2011)
Male participation in HIV and AIDS support groups: perspectives from the Western Province of Zambia. Project Evaluation.
Technical Report.
Concern Worldwide, Lusaka, Zambia.
(Unpublished)
Samuels, Fiona and Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290
(2011)
HIV-sensitive social protection: the case of Nigeria.
Project Report.
ODI, London, UK.
Conference or Workshop Item
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Turner, Billie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-4121, Mitchell, Kirstin
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601 and Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188
(2024)
What factors influence young people’s involvement in policymaking and service improvement? A systems perspective.
NHS Research Scotland (NRS) and Chief Scientist Office (CSO) Patient and Public Involvement Event 2024, Dundee, Scotland, 12 Mar 2024.
Lewis, Ruth ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Turner, Billie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-4121, Mitchell, Kirstin
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601 and Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290
(2024)
Understanding the impacts of public involvement in policy-engaged health research: Insights from participatory evaluation of a multi-sector sexual health research collaboration (CONUNDRUM).
NHS Research Scotland (NRS) and Chief Scientist Office (CSO) Patient and Public Involvement Event 2024, Dundee, Scotland, 12 Mar 2024.
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Turner, Billie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-4121 and Mitchell, Kirstin
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2023)
Using participatory systems mapping to understand young people’s involvement in sexual health policy and service improvement.
17th International Congress of Behavioral Medicine From Local to Global: Behavior, Climate and Health, Vancouver, Canada, 23-26 Aug 2023.
Guadalupe Salanga, Maria, Jose Mateo, Nino, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Tan, Charisse, Demou, Evangelia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8616-525X, Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188 and Mitchell, Kirstin
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2023)
Mental health and wellbeing in Filipino call centres: Using participatory systems mapping to understand workplace environments.
17th International Congress of Behavioral Medicine: From Local to Global: Behavior, Climate and Health, Vancouver, Canada, 23-26 Aug 2023.
Shore, Colin B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4058-1009, Martin, Anne
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1614-6525, Rigby, Ben
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6997-5194, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Scott, Holly, Cleland Woods, Heather
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3382-5925, Haughton, Dawn, Evans, Rhiannon E., O'Brien, Alyson and Simpson, Sharon
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6219-1768
(2023)
A Peer Influence Approach to Reduce Night-time Use of Interactive Electronic Devices and Social Media Among Adolescents (CLOCK OFF): Intervention Development Using Causal Loop Diagrams.
18th UK Society for Behavioural Medicine Annual Scientific Meeting, Birmingham, UK, 28-29 March 2023.
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Guadalupe Salanga, Maria, Jose Mateo, Nino, Tan, Charisse, Demou, Evangelia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8616-525X, Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188 and Mitchell, Kirstin
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2023)
Mental health and wellbeing in Filipino call centres: Using participatory systems mapping to understand workplace environments.
UK Society for Behavioural Medicine Annual Scientific Meeting 2023, Birmingham, UK, 28-29 Mar 2023.
Lewis, Ruth ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Turner, Billie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-4121 and Mitchell, Kirstin
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6601
(2023)
Using participatory systems mapping to understand young people’s involvement in sexual health policy and service improvement.
UK Society for Behavioural Medicine Annual Scientific Meeting 2023, Birmingham, UK, 28-29 Mar 2023.
Gerold, Jana, Hoop, Sabine, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Merten, Sonja and Martin Hilber, Adriane
(2015)
'I try to avoid the boys!' Adolescents' Sexuality Representation in Rwanda, a Mixed Method Analysis.
9th European Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health, Basel, Switzerland, 06-10 Sep 2015.
(doi: 10.1111/tmi.12575)
Schwarz, Joelle, Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Ndabihore, Nina, Weiss, Carine, Martin Hilber, Adriane and Merten, Sonja
(2015)
Pregnancy in Adolescence in the Great Lakes Region: Findings from a Multi-country Survey in South Kivu (DRC), Burundi and Rwanda.
9th European Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health, Basel, Switzerland, 06-10 Sep 2015.
(doi: 10.1111/tmi.12573)
Artefact
Blake, Carolyn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Turner, Billie
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-4121, Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188 and CONUNDRUM Action Group
(2024)
Young people’s involvement in policy and service improvement.
[Artefact]
Website
Turner, Billie ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-4121, Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Gascoigne, Rebecca and CONUNDRUM Action Group, .
(2022)
Co-producing research with young people online: Insights from a participatory sexual health project.
[Website]
Turner, Billie ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-4121, Lewis, Ruth
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-6188, Blake, Carolyn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-4290, Astbury, Kate, Gascoigne, Rebecca and CONUNDRUM Action Group, .
(2022)
Involving young people in sexual health policy and service improvement.
[Website]
Grants
Grants and Awards listed are those received whilst working with the University of Glasgow.
- Partnership for Change: Addressing intergenerational geographical inequalities through place-sensitive infant mental health provision to struggling families
UK Research and Innovation
2024 - 2027
- A whole-school intervention tackling gender based violence (Equally Safe at School): Cluster Randomised Trial
National Institute for Health Research
2023 - 2026
- CONUNDRUM Phase 2
NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde
2022 - 2022
- Developing the meaningful involvement of young people in sexual health policymaking and service improvement in Scotland
Scottish Government
2022 - 2022
- Young People's uptake and use of condoms and contraception
NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde
2019 - 2020