Adam Smith Business School

Cognitive endurance as human capital

Wednesday 21st of September. 15:00-16:15
Online

Dr Heather Schofield is an Assistant Professor in the Perelman School of Medicine and The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. She is an economist studying development, health, and behavioural economics. Much of her research is based in India.

Abstract

Schooling may build human capital not only by teaching academic skills but by expanding the capacity for cognition itself. We focus specifically on cognitive endurance: the ability to sustain effortful mental activity over a continuous stretch of time. As motivation, we document that globally and in the US, the poor exhibit cognitive fatigue more quickly than the rich across a variety of field settings; they also attend schools that offer fewer opportunities to practice thinking for continuous stretches. Using a field experiment with 1,600 Indian primary school students, we randomly increase the amount of time students spend in sustained cognitive activity during the school day—using either math problems (mimicking good schooling) or non-academic games (providing a pure test of our mechanism). Each approach markedly improves cognitive endurance: students show 22% less decline in performance over time when engaged in intellectual activities—listening comprehension, academic problems, or IQ tests. They also exhibit increased attentiveness in the classroom and score higher on psychological measures of sustained attention. Moreover, each treatment improves students’ school performance by 0.09 standard deviations. This indicates that the experience of effortful thinking itself—even when devoid of any subject content—increases the ability to accumulate traditional human capital. Finally, we complement these results with quasi-experimental variation indicating that an additional year of schooling improves cognitive endurance, but only in higher-quality schools. Our findings suggest that schooling disparities may further disadvantage poor children byhampering the development of a core mental capacity.

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For further information, please contact business-school-research@glasgow.ac.uk

First published: 11 September 2022