Dr Jeziel Damasceno
- Research Fellow (Parasitology)
Publications
2025
Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Briggs, Emma M., Krasilnikova, Marija
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9140-9746, Marques, Catarina A., Lapsley, Craig and McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X
(2025)
R-loops acted on by RNase H1 influence DNA replication timing and genome stability in Leishmania.
Nature Communications, 16,
1470.
(doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-56785-y)
(PMID:39922816)
(PMCID:PMC11807225)
2024
Damasceno, Jeziel ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, LA. Silva, Gabriel, Marques, Catarina A.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-5448, Krasilnikova, Marija
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9140-9746, Lapsley, Craig, Beraldi, Dario and McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X
(2024)
Nuclear DNA replication in Leishmania major relies on a single constitutive origin per chromosome supplemented by thousands of stochastic initiation events.
bioRxiv,
(doi: 10.1101/2024.11.14.623610)
Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Briggs, Emma M., Krasilnikova, Marija
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9140-9746, Marques, Catarina A.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-5448, Lapsley, Craig and McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X
(2024)
R-loops acted on by RNase H1 are a determinant of chromosome length-associated DNA replication timing and genome stability in Leishmania.
bioRxiv,
(doi: 10.1101/2024.04.29.591643)
Reis-Cunha, João L., Pimenta-Carvalho, Samuel A., Almeida, Laila V., Coqueiro-Dos-Santos, Anderson, Marques, Catarina A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-5448, Black, Jennifer A., Damasceno, Jeziel
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X, Bartholomeu, Daniella C. and Jeffares, Daniel C.
(2024)
Ancestral aneuploidy and stable chromosomal duplication resulting in differential genome structure and gene expression control in trypanosomatid parasites.
Genome Research, 34(3),
pp. 441-453.
(doi: 10.1101/gr.278550.123)
(PMID:38604731)
(PMCID:PMC11067883)
2023
Girasol, M. J. et al. (2023) RAD51-mediated R-loop formation acts to repair transcription associated DNA breaks driving antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120(48), e230930612. (doi: 10.1073/pnas.2309306120) (PMID:37988471) (PMCID:PMC10691351)
Tosi, Luiz R. O., Denny, Paul William, De Oliveira, Camila I. and Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214
(2023)
Editorial: Leishmania genome variability: impacts on parasite evolution, parasitism and leishmaniases control.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 13,
1171962.
(doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1171962)
(PMID:36949811)
(PMCID:PMC10025553)
2022
da Silva, Raíssa Bernardes, Bertoldo, Willian dos Reis, Naves, Lucila Langoni, de Vito, Fernanda Bernadelli, Damasceno, Jeziel Dener ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Tosi, Luiz Ricardo Orsini, Machado, Carlos Renato and Pedrosa, André Luiz
(2022)
Specific human ATR and ATM inhibitors modulate single strand DNA formation in Leishmania major exposed to oxidative agent.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 11,
802613.
(doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.802613)
(PMID:35059327)
(PMCID:PMC8763966)
2021
Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Marques, Catarina A.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-5448, Black, Jennifer, Briggs, Emma and McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X
(2021)
Read, write, adapt: challenges and opportunities during kinetoplastid genome replication.
Trends in Genetics, 37(1),
pp. 21-34.
(doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.09.002)
(PMID:32993968)
(PMCID:PMC9213392)
2020
Damasceno, Jeziel Dener ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Marques, Catarina A.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-5448, Beraldi, Dario, Crouch, Kathryn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-4762, Lapsley, Craig, Obonaga, Ricardo, Tosi, Luiz R.O. and McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X
(2020)
Genome duplication in Leishmania major relies on persistent subtelomeric DNA replication.
eLife, 9,
e58030.
(doi: 10.7554/eLife.58030)
(PMID:32897188)
(PMCID:PMC7511235)
Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Reis-Cunha, João, Crouch, Kathryn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-4762, Beraldi, Dario, Lapsley, Craig, Tosi, Luiz R.O., Bartholomeu, Daniella and McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X
(2020)
Conditional knockout of RAD51-related genes in Leishmania major reveals a critical role for homologous recombination during genome replication.
PLoS Genetics, 16(7),
e1008828.
(doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008828)
(PMID:32609721)
(PMCID:PMC7360064)
de Araujo, C. B. et al. (2020) Replication origin location might contribute to genetic variability in Trypanosoma cruzi. BMC Genomics, 21, 414. (doi: 10.1186/s12864-020-06803-8) (PMID:32571205) (PMCID:PMC7310030)
Briggs, Emma M., Marques, Catarina ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-5448, Reis-Cunha, Joao, Black, Jennifer, Campbell, Samantha, Damasceno, Jeziel
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Bartholomeu, Daniella, Crouch, Kathryn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-4762 and McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X
(2020)
Next-generation analysis of trypanosomatid genome stability and instability.
In: Michels, Paul A.M., Ginger, Michael L. and Zilberstein, Dan (eds.)
Trypanosomatids: Methods and Protocols.
Series: Methods in Molecular Biology (2116).
Springer, pp. 225-262.
ISBN 9781071602935
(doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0294-2_15)
2019
Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Tosi, Luiz R.O., Santos, Renato E.R.S. and Mottram, Jeremy C.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-3766
(2019)
DiCre-based inducible gene expression.
In: Clos, Joachim (ed.)
Leishmania: Methods and Protocols.
Series: Methods in molecular biology (1971).
Humana Press: New York, NY, pp. 225-235.
ISBN 9781493992096
(doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9210-2_11)
2018
Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Obonaga, Ricardo, Silva, Gabriel L.A., Reis-Cunha, Joao L, Duncan, Samuel M., Bartholomeu, Daniella C., Mottram, Jeremy C.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-3766, McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X and Tosi, Luiz R.O.
(2018)
Conditional genome engineering reveals canonical and divergent roles for the Hus1 component of the 9-1-1 complex in the maintenance of the plastic genome of Leishmania.
Nucleic Acids Research, 46(22),
pp. 11835-11846.
(doi: 10.1093/nar/gky1017)
(PMID:30380080)
(PMCID:PMC6294564)
Trindade, J. B. C. et al. (2018) A Leishmania infantum genetic marker associated with miltefosine treatment failure for visceral leishmaniasis. EBioMedicine, 36, pp. 83-91. (doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.029) (PMID:30268832) (PMCID:PMC6197651)
2017
da Silva, Marcelo S., Pavani, Raphael S., Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Marques, Catarina A.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-5448, McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X, Tosi, Luiz Ricardo Orsini and Elias, Maria Carolina
(2017)
Nuclear DNA replication in trypanosomatids: there are no easy methods for solving difficult problems.
Trends in Parasitology, 33(11),
pp. 858-874.
(doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.08.002)
(PMID:28844718)
(PMCID:PMC5662062)
Santos, Renato E.R.S., Silva, Gabriel L.A., Santos, Elaine V., Duncan, Samuel M., Mottram, Jeremy C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-3766, Damasceno, Jeziel D. and Tosi, Luiz R.O.
(2017)
A DiCre recombinase-based system for inducible expression in Leishmania major.
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 216,
pp. 45-48.
(doi: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2017.06.006)
(PMID:28629935)
Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Silva, Gabriel L.A., Tschudi, Christian and Tosi, Luiz R.O.
(2017)
Evidence for regulated expression of Telomeric Repeat-containing RNAs (TERRA) in parasitic trypanosomatids.
Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 112(8),
pp. 572-576.
(doi: 10.1590/0074-02760170054)
(PMID:28767983)
(PMCID:PMC5530550)
2016
Marques, Catarina A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-5448, Tiengwe, Calvin, Lemgruber Soares, Leandro
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-6806, Damasceno, Jeziel D., Scott, Alan, Paape, Daniel
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4355-8058, Marcello, Lucio and McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X
(2016)
Diverged composition and regulation of the Trypanosoma brucei origin recognition complex that mediates DNA replication initiation.
Nucleic Acids Research, 44(10),
pp. 4763-4784.
(doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw147)
(PMID:26951375)
(PMCID:PMC4889932)
Damasceno, Jeziel D., Obonaga, Ricardo, Santos, Elaine V., Scott, Alan, McCulloch, Richard ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X and Tosi, Luiz R.O.
(2016)
Functional compartmentalization of Rad9 and Hus1 reveals diverse assembly of the 9-1-1 complex components during the DNA damage response in Leishmania.
Molecular Microbiology, 101(6),
pp. 1054-1068.
(doi: 10.1111/mmi.13441)
(PMID:27301589)
(PMCID:PMC5453112)
2015
Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Beverley, Stephen M. and Tosi, Luiz R.O.
(2015)
A transposon-based tool for transformation and mutagenesis in trypanosomatid protozoa.
Methods in Molecular Biology, 1201,
pp. 235-245.
(doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1438-8_14)
(PMID:25388118)
(PMCID:PMC4287265)
Articles
Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Briggs, Emma M., Krasilnikova, Marija
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9140-9746, Marques, Catarina A., Lapsley, Craig and McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X
(2025)
R-loops acted on by RNase H1 influence DNA replication timing and genome stability in Leishmania.
Nature Communications, 16,
1470.
(doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-56785-y)
(PMID:39922816)
(PMCID:PMC11807225)
Damasceno, Jeziel ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, LA. Silva, Gabriel, Marques, Catarina A.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-5448, Krasilnikova, Marija
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9140-9746, Lapsley, Craig, Beraldi, Dario and McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X
(2024)
Nuclear DNA replication in Leishmania major relies on a single constitutive origin per chromosome supplemented by thousands of stochastic initiation events.
bioRxiv,
(doi: 10.1101/2024.11.14.623610)
Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Briggs, Emma M., Krasilnikova, Marija
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9140-9746, Marques, Catarina A.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-5448, Lapsley, Craig and McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X
(2024)
R-loops acted on by RNase H1 are a determinant of chromosome length-associated DNA replication timing and genome stability in Leishmania.
bioRxiv,
(doi: 10.1101/2024.04.29.591643)
Reis-Cunha, João L., Pimenta-Carvalho, Samuel A., Almeida, Laila V., Coqueiro-Dos-Santos, Anderson, Marques, Catarina A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-5448, Black, Jennifer A., Damasceno, Jeziel
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X, Bartholomeu, Daniella C. and Jeffares, Daniel C.
(2024)
Ancestral aneuploidy and stable chromosomal duplication resulting in differential genome structure and gene expression control in trypanosomatid parasites.
Genome Research, 34(3),
pp. 441-453.
(doi: 10.1101/gr.278550.123)
(PMID:38604731)
(PMCID:PMC11067883)
Girasol, M. J. et al. (2023) RAD51-mediated R-loop formation acts to repair transcription associated DNA breaks driving antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120(48), e230930612. (doi: 10.1073/pnas.2309306120) (PMID:37988471) (PMCID:PMC10691351)
Tosi, Luiz R. O., Denny, Paul William, De Oliveira, Camila I. and Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214
(2023)
Editorial: Leishmania genome variability: impacts on parasite evolution, parasitism and leishmaniases control.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 13,
1171962.
(doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1171962)
(PMID:36949811)
(PMCID:PMC10025553)
da Silva, Raíssa Bernardes, Bertoldo, Willian dos Reis, Naves, Lucila Langoni, de Vito, Fernanda Bernadelli, Damasceno, Jeziel Dener ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Tosi, Luiz Ricardo Orsini, Machado, Carlos Renato and Pedrosa, André Luiz
(2022)
Specific human ATR and ATM inhibitors modulate single strand DNA formation in Leishmania major exposed to oxidative agent.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 11,
802613.
(doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.802613)
(PMID:35059327)
(PMCID:PMC8763966)
Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Marques, Catarina A.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-5448, Black, Jennifer, Briggs, Emma and McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X
(2021)
Read, write, adapt: challenges and opportunities during kinetoplastid genome replication.
Trends in Genetics, 37(1),
pp. 21-34.
(doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.09.002)
(PMID:32993968)
(PMCID:PMC9213392)
Damasceno, Jeziel Dener ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Marques, Catarina A.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-5448, Beraldi, Dario, Crouch, Kathryn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-4762, Lapsley, Craig, Obonaga, Ricardo, Tosi, Luiz R.O. and McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X
(2020)
Genome duplication in Leishmania major relies on persistent subtelomeric DNA replication.
eLife, 9,
e58030.
(doi: 10.7554/eLife.58030)
(PMID:32897188)
(PMCID:PMC7511235)
Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Reis-Cunha, João, Crouch, Kathryn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-4762, Beraldi, Dario, Lapsley, Craig, Tosi, Luiz R.O., Bartholomeu, Daniella and McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X
(2020)
Conditional knockout of RAD51-related genes in Leishmania major reveals a critical role for homologous recombination during genome replication.
PLoS Genetics, 16(7),
e1008828.
(doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008828)
(PMID:32609721)
(PMCID:PMC7360064)
de Araujo, C. B. et al. (2020) Replication origin location might contribute to genetic variability in Trypanosoma cruzi. BMC Genomics, 21, 414. (doi: 10.1186/s12864-020-06803-8) (PMID:32571205) (PMCID:PMC7310030)
Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Obonaga, Ricardo, Silva, Gabriel L.A., Reis-Cunha, Joao L, Duncan, Samuel M., Bartholomeu, Daniella C., Mottram, Jeremy C.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-3766, McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X and Tosi, Luiz R.O.
(2018)
Conditional genome engineering reveals canonical and divergent roles for the Hus1 component of the 9-1-1 complex in the maintenance of the plastic genome of Leishmania.
Nucleic Acids Research, 46(22),
pp. 11835-11846.
(doi: 10.1093/nar/gky1017)
(PMID:30380080)
(PMCID:PMC6294564)
Trindade, J. B. C. et al. (2018) A Leishmania infantum genetic marker associated with miltefosine treatment failure for visceral leishmaniasis. EBioMedicine, 36, pp. 83-91. (doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.029) (PMID:30268832) (PMCID:PMC6197651)
da Silva, Marcelo S., Pavani, Raphael S., Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Marques, Catarina A.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-5448, McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X, Tosi, Luiz Ricardo Orsini and Elias, Maria Carolina
(2017)
Nuclear DNA replication in trypanosomatids: there are no easy methods for solving difficult problems.
Trends in Parasitology, 33(11),
pp. 858-874.
(doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.08.002)
(PMID:28844718)
(PMCID:PMC5662062)
Santos, Renato E.R.S., Silva, Gabriel L.A., Santos, Elaine V., Duncan, Samuel M., Mottram, Jeremy C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-3766, Damasceno, Jeziel D. and Tosi, Luiz R.O.
(2017)
A DiCre recombinase-based system for inducible expression in Leishmania major.
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 216,
pp. 45-48.
(doi: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2017.06.006)
(PMID:28629935)
Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Silva, Gabriel L.A., Tschudi, Christian and Tosi, Luiz R.O.
(2017)
Evidence for regulated expression of Telomeric Repeat-containing RNAs (TERRA) in parasitic trypanosomatids.
Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 112(8),
pp. 572-576.
(doi: 10.1590/0074-02760170054)
(PMID:28767983)
(PMCID:PMC5530550)
Marques, Catarina A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-5448, Tiengwe, Calvin, Lemgruber Soares, Leandro
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-6806, Damasceno, Jeziel D., Scott, Alan, Paape, Daniel
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4355-8058, Marcello, Lucio and McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X
(2016)
Diverged composition and regulation of the Trypanosoma brucei origin recognition complex that mediates DNA replication initiation.
Nucleic Acids Research, 44(10),
pp. 4763-4784.
(doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw147)
(PMID:26951375)
(PMCID:PMC4889932)
Damasceno, Jeziel D., Obonaga, Ricardo, Santos, Elaine V., Scott, Alan, McCulloch, Richard ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X and Tosi, Luiz R.O.
(2016)
Functional compartmentalization of Rad9 and Hus1 reveals diverse assembly of the 9-1-1 complex components during the DNA damage response in Leishmania.
Molecular Microbiology, 101(6),
pp. 1054-1068.
(doi: 10.1111/mmi.13441)
(PMID:27301589)
(PMCID:PMC5453112)
Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Beverley, Stephen M. and Tosi, Luiz R.O.
(2015)
A transposon-based tool for transformation and mutagenesis in trypanosomatid protozoa.
Methods in Molecular Biology, 1201,
pp. 235-245.
(doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1438-8_14)
(PMID:25388118)
(PMCID:PMC4287265)
Book Sections
Briggs, Emma M., Marques, Catarina ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-5448, Reis-Cunha, Joao, Black, Jennifer, Campbell, Samantha, Damasceno, Jeziel
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Bartholomeu, Daniella, Crouch, Kathryn
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-4762 and McCulloch, Richard
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-976X
(2020)
Next-generation analysis of trypanosomatid genome stability and instability.
In: Michels, Paul A.M., Ginger, Michael L. and Zilberstein, Dan (eds.)
Trypanosomatids: Methods and Protocols.
Series: Methods in Molecular Biology (2116).
Springer, pp. 225-262.
ISBN 9781071602935
(doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0294-2_15)
Damasceno, Jeziel D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3214, Tosi, Luiz R.O., Santos, Renato E.R.S. and Mottram, Jeremy C.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-3766
(2019)
DiCre-based inducible gene expression.
In: Clos, Joachim (ed.)
Leishmania: Methods and Protocols.
Series: Methods in molecular biology (1971).
Humana Press: New York, NY, pp. 225-235.
ISBN 9781493992096
(doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9210-2_11)
Grants
Grants and Awards listed are those received whilst working with the University of Glasgow.
- Mapping the CNV-ome in the eukaryotic parasite Leishmania
Wellcome Trust
2021 - 2022
Supervision
- Fellows, Rosemarie
REVEALING HOW THE UBIQUITINATION CYCLE CONTRIBUTES TO GENOME MAINTENANCE IN LEISHMANIA