School of Computing Science

Speaker: Milena Radenkovic

This talk will give an overview of  Dr. Milena Radenkovic's research which spans  intelligent and distributed systems that are agile and adaptive to users' demands and dynamic patterns of the underlying networks.  It will then show examples of smart manufacturing, self organised distributed  security and privacy and cognitive vehicular charging works designed and built using a range of novel real-time  multi-layer collaborative predictive complex spatio-temporal approaches.

Speaker: Stephen Kell

Software continues not to be soft. Not coincidentally, most software continues to be built atop Unix-like compiler toolchains and process runtimes having only esoteric and limited support for introspection, run-time change and other debugging-flavoured facilities.

In the first part of this talk, I'll talk about improving the reliability and efficiency of (one specific kind of) debugging information on such platforms -- information used not only by debuggers, but it also in program analysis tools, and even by the runtimes of high-level programming languages (e.g. for exception handling in C++). Generating such information correctly and completely is onerous for compiler authors, leading to a history of subtle bugs and limitations. Meanwhile, living with incomplete or incorrect information degrades the experiences of developers and users. Focusing on /stack walking/, I'll describe three techniques: one for validating the DWARF frame information tables used for this; one for the synthesis of such tables (e.g. for binaries that lack them); and one for precompiling unwind tables into native code, which results in a 25x DWARF-based unwind speedup in tools such as perf. This work appeared at OOPSLA 2019.

In the second part, I'll zoom out to describe why all this matters. While, for example, robust and efficient stack unwinding has been achieved in language virtual machines without techniques like the above, the Unix-style variant of the problem is both harder and, as I'll argue, more essential -- in that at a solid foundation for commodity software systems can *only* realised by evolving Unix, not merely by building atop it.

Speaker: Edwin Brady

Dependent types allow us to express precisely what a function is intended to do. Recent work on Quantitative Type Theory (QTT) extends dependent type systems with linearity, also allowing precision in expressing when a function can run. This is promising, because it suggests the ability to design and reason about resource usage protocols, such as we might find in distributed and concurrent programming, where the state of a communication channel changes throughout program execution. Up to now, however, there has not been a full-scale programming language with which to experiment with these ideas. Idris 2 is a new version of the dependently typed language Idris, with a new core language based on QTT, supporting linear and dependent types. In this talk I will show the benfits of QTT in Idris 2, in particular how it improves interactive program development by reducing the search space for type-driven program synthesis; and, how resource tracking in the type system leads to type-safe concurrent programming with session types.

Zoom meeting: E-mail Stephen.McQuistin@glasgow.ac.uk for the URL.

Speaker: Saad Alahmari

Title: A Model for Describing and Maximising Security Knowledge Sharing to Enhance Security Awareness
Speaker: Saad Alahmari (30mn)

Employees play a crucial role in enhancing information security in the workplace, and this requires everyone having the requisite security knowledge and know-how. To maximise knowledge levels, organisations should encourage and facilitate Security Knowledge Sharing (SKS) between employees. To maximise sharing, we need first to understand the mechanisms whereby such sharing takes place and then to encourage and engender such sharing. A study was carried out to test the applicability of Transactive Memory Systems Theory in describing knowledge sharing in this context, which confirmed its applicability in this domain. To encourage security knowledge sharing, the harnessing of Self-Determination Theory was proposed— satisfying employee autonomy, relatedness and competence needs to maximise sharing. Such sharing is required to improve and enhance employee security awareness across organisations. We propose a model to describe the mechanisms for such sharing as well as the means by which it can be encouraged.

Speaker: Stephen Strowes

The RIPE Atlas measurement platform collects hundreds of millions of individual network measurements every day from over 10,000 vantage points. Although most of this data is publicly available, we do not provide a general means to inspect broad cross-sections of this dataset.

We are investigating the use of large-scale data storage/analysis platforms, in particular Google's BigQuery, for handling this data. We're part-way between a prototype implementation last year, and a more permanent implementation this year, from which data will be made generally available.

In this talk I'll cover the network measurements handled by the RIPE Atlas platform, how we support researchers using the platform, and how we intend to open up the resulting data for more public access.

Speaker: Rongxiao Fu, Michel Steuwer

Title: Strategic Rewriting with Mini-Elevate
Speakers: Rongxiao Fu, Michel Steuwer (40mn)

Program transformation based on rewrite rules is a classic and important method for program optimisation. We propose to separate the specification of computations from specifying optimizations in a more principled way than existing scheduling languages for example from Halide or TVM. In our approach, optimization strategies are expressed as compositions of individual rewrite rules. We are developing a strategy language where strategies have a specific type that facilitates their composition. However, the types of strategies may not be expressive enough to provide detailed information about the properties of strategies such as the expected shape of input expressions, making the strategies’ behaviours less predictive. As our proposed solution to this problem, Mini-Elevate, a row-polymorphic language designed for strategic term rewriting, will be introduced in this talk. Representative examples will be given to show that how polymorphic rows describe the shape of expressions and how the behaviours of strategies can be reflected in their types.

Speaker: José Luis Abellán

The Cloud, Fog and Edge computing model is a 3-tier strategy aimed at providing the required processing capability demanded by contemporary data-driven applications such as Artificial Intelligence and Big Data analytics. Given the growing demand of data processing due to the explosion of Internet-of-Thing devices count, it is necessary to provide better scale-up and scale-out computing power with higher energy efficiency to the overall 3-tier compute infrastructure. To this aim, aside from leveraging the most advanced communication technologies (wireless and wired) and storage resources, every single computing node at any single tier (from high-end servers at cloud and fog, to low-end battery-operated devices at the edge) must be optimized and, as Dennard scaling and Moore’s law have come to an end, new integration technologies (2.5 stacking), communication technologies (NVIDIA NVLink and photonics), and heterogeneous and specialized architectures are the most promising candidates to explore. Due to this evolving and wide design-space exploration, researchers from academia and industry must be equipped with the right tools for fast prototyping of their architectural design ideas. This way, accurate, fast and flexible open-source architectural simulators that can faithfully simulate and validate the forthcoming computing developments are a must. However, state-of-the-art simulators are not capable of truly fulfilling all these challenging requirements.
To bridge this gap, in this talk I am going to present MGPUSim and STONNE, our two cycle-accurate architectural simulators of a high-end computing node at the cloud, and a low-end computing device at the edge, respectively, that can help researchers quickly explore their architectural design ideas for faster development of the next-generation computing platforms.

Speaker: Colin Perkins

Title: Can we Improve Internet Protocol Standards?
Speaker: Colin Perkins (30mn)

This talk will give a brief outline of some ongoing work to improve the way Internet protocol standards are developed. It will review how protocols are developed into standards that can be implemented by industry, consider some of the challenges in developing such standards, and review new tooling and approaches we're exploring to improve the process. The goal of the work is to improve the quality and trustworthiness of the Internet by improving the quality of its underlying specifications.

Speaker: Tristan Henderson

While our data-driven society has given us lots of COOL NEW STUFF and exciting applications for computer scientists to build and study, there have also been some less positive consequences, as evinced by current controversies such as Cambridge Analytica, discriminatory or biased classification algorithms, or power imbalances between large data controllers such as Google and individual data subjects. Technology laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation are one mechanism of protecting citizens. One principle of such laws is that they should be "technologically neutral" (GDPR recital 15). This can help promote innovation by not discriminating against particular technologies, or prevent law from becoming out of date. But as Hildebrandt and Tielemans (2013) point out, technology neutral law might also require some technology specifics in order to prevent technological threats to human rights.

This talk will introduce the concept of technology neutrality and compare it to something perhaps more familiar to systems designers: abstraction and layering. I compare the objectives of technology neutrality and the objectives of building long-lived systems such as the Internet, and see what the two can learn from each other. I will also discuss some ongoing empirical work with respect to the GDPR: can we trust technologists to build systems on their own or do we need other regulatory modalities (Lessig's pathetic dot) to ensure that systems achieve desired societal outcomes?

Speaker bio:

Tristan Henderson is a Senior Lecturer in Computer Science at the University of St Andrews. He has worked in the broad area of networked communications for two decades. His research aims to better understand user behaviour in networked systems and use this to build improved systems; an approach which has involved measurements and testbeds for networked games, wireless networks, mobile sensors, smartphones, online social networks and opportunistic networks. Most recently his work has moved into the privacy and ethical aspects of such research, which has led in turn to an interest in the law and how technology, ethics and the law can jointly regulate behaviour.

Tristan holds an MA in Economics from Cambridge, an MSc and PhD in Computer Science from UCL, and recently completed an LLM in Innovation, Technology and the Law at Edinburgh. For more information see https://tnhh.org/

Speaker: Ibrahim Ahmed

Title: On the Optimality of Tasks Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing Environments.

Speaker: Ibrahim Ahmed (30mn)

Abstract:

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) has emerged as a new computing paradigm to improve the QoS of mobile nodes’ applications. A use case  in MEC is the computation offloading, whose goal is to enhance the mobile nodes' capabilities to face the requirements of new applications. While the mobile node is on the move and lacks information about the potential MEC  servers  for offloading,  computation offloading faces the challenges of where (when) to offload computing tasks.  In my talk, I will present how we try to solve such challenges by applying the concept of the Optimal Stopping Theory.

Speaker: Karim Djemame

Hardware in High Performance Computing environments has increasingly become more heterogeneous in order to improve computational performance. An additional aspect of heterogeneous systems is the management of power and energy consumption. The increase in heterogeneity requires middleware and programming model abstractions to address the complexities that it brings. This talk will explore application level self-adaptation including aspects such as automated configuration and deployment of applications on heterogeneous infrastructures as well as their redeployment. It will present a self-adaptive framework that manages application Quality of Service (QoS) at runtime, which includes the automatic migration of applications between different acceleration infrastructures. The discussion covers when migration is appropriate and quantifies the likely benefits.

Speaker: Eerke Boiten

Having an accurate view of privacy and security risk is both obviously useful and typically elusive. Quantification should help in theory, but  general risk assessment methods don’t convince in this respect. This talk considers two specific scenarios from separate research projects (privacy impact assessment, and cyber intelligence sharing) and attempts at quantification in each. Are there general lessons from considering these individually and together?

Speaker: Marco Cook

Title: Introducing a Forensic Data Taxonomy for Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)

Speaker: Marco Cook (30mn)

Abstract:

The understanding of available data artefacts from any sources of interest is fundamental to performing digital forensics. The acquirable data artefacts from IT systems such as Windows and Linux operating systems is well established, however this is not the case for programmable logic controllers (PLCs), commonly found within safety-critical systems, which often contain proprietary technologies and architectures. In this talk I will present a taxonomy that introduces PLC data types and potential forensic artefacts, as well as some of the data acquisition methods that were used to establish this taxonomy.

Speaker: Gareth Tyson

The Decentralised Web (DW) has recently seen a renewed momentum,  with a number of DW platforms like Mastodon and PeerTube gaining  increasing traction. These offer alternatives to traditional  'centralised' social networks like Twitter and YouTube by enabling  the operation of web infrastructure and services without centralised  ownership or control. They do, however, raise a number of key  challenges related to performance, security and resilience. In this  seminar, I will present a measurement study of the DW, and discuss  our empirical exploration of some of the key challenges in this  area. The presentation is based on a recent paper published in the ACM Internet Measurement Conference 2019 (http://www.eecs.qmul.ac.uk/~tysong/files/Mastodon.pdf).

Speaker: Mozghan Kabiri Chimeh

Modelling and simulation of complex problems has become an established ‘third pillar’ of science, complementary to theory and experimentation. In order for multi-agent modelling and simulation to be used as a tool for delivering excellent science, it is vital that simulation performance can scale, by targeting readily available computational resources effectively. In this talk, I will present to you an Agent Based Modelling (ABM) framework on GPU as an example application which makes the life of modellers easy by allowing them to concentrate on writing models without the need to acquire specialist knowledge typically required to utilise GPU architectures.

Moreover, I will talk about Hackathon and Bootcamps; community driven effort to accelerate codes on GPUs and ways to help researchers/developers start accelerating/optimizing code on GPU within a short period of time and make their life easy.

Speaker: Phil Trinder

Title:

Comparing Reliability Mechanisms for Secure Web Servers:
Actors, Exceptions and Futures

Speaker: Phil Trinder (1h)

Abstract:

Security is critical for all software, and especially for web applications that are globally accessible. In a typical online interaction the user's identity, and their access rights, must be verified. That is, the user is authenticated and their actions are authorised.

The web application programming language implements the security protocols and provides reliability mechanisms to recover from security failures. Programming languages offer a choice of reliability mechanisms, and many are available in a single language. Three common reliability mechanisms are as follows, and all are available in languages like Scala or C++. Exceptions are widely available, and often formulated as try-catch blocks. The Actor model adopts a let-it-crash philosophy that allows failing actors to die while an associated supervisor deals with the aftermath. With Futures failures are managed by specifying actions for both successful and unsuccessful outcomes.

Currently, there is little information to guide developers when selecting between reliability mechanisms, and this paper compares the performance and programming complexity of exceptions, actors and futures for handling security failures in Scala web apps. The comparison is based on measurements of three instances of a simple web app that differ only in using exceptions, actors or futures for recovering authentication or authorisation failures. We make the following research contributions.

(1) We compare the performance (throughput and latency) of the reliability mechanisms as the number of concurrent connections to the webserver ranges between 50 and 3200. The workloads we consider include 100% successful, 100% unsuccessful, and a realistic mixture of successful/unsuccessful requests.

(2) We compare the programming effort required to secure the web app and the associated attack surface. The metric we use is the number of program states that the programmer must consider and secure.

Speaker: Eiko Yoneki

Performance tuning of computer systems is challenging for a variety of reasons. Modern computer systems expose many configuration parameters in a complex, massive parameter space. The systems are nonlinear and there is no method for quantifying and modelling such systems by performance tuning to the level of precision required. Furthermore, scheduling of tasks or resource allocation may require the control of dynamically evolving tasks. Auto-tuning has recently emerged using a black-box optimiser such as Bayesian Optimisation (BO). However, BO features limited scalability. Reinforcement Learning (RL) could be applied for combinatorial optimisation problems, but there is a gap between current research and practical RL deployments. I will introduce our frameworks to tackle the issues above and demonstrate the potential of machine learning based methodologies for computer systems optimisation.

Speaker: Cristian Urlea

Title: Efficient Design Space Exploration
Speaker: Cristian Urlea (30mn)

Abstract:

Numerous programming languages and frameworks provide the means to optimise application execution on parallel architectures. The process of selecting which optimising transformations to apply, where to apply them, dubbed Design Space Exploration (DSE) largely remains a manual endeavour.
In this talk I will discuss how one may derive an efficient and automated DSE strategy using a description of the application's semantic structure, an accurate cost-performance model and a description of hardware resource limits.
The presentation primarily focuses on DSE as it applies to compiling streaming data-flow applications for execution on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) however the techniques are generally applicable to other parallel architectures.

Speaker: Stefan Marr

Metaobject Protocols and Type Checks, do they have much in common? Perhaps not from a language perspective. However, under the hood of a modern virtual machine, they turn out to show very similar behavior and can be optimized very similarly.

This talk will go back to the days of Terminator 2, The Naked Gun 2 1/2, and Star Trek VI. We will revisit the early days of just-in-time compilation, the basic insights that are still true, and see how to apply them to metaprogramming techniques of different shapes and forms.

Speaker: Stefanos Sagkriotis

Title: Fighting battery depletion within clusters of edge devices.
Speaker: Stefanos Sagkriotis (30mn)

Abstract:

This talk will demonstrate how datacenter container management 
technology can be coupled with edge/IoT devices. The combination is 
offering a versatile infrastructure comprised of heterogeneous devices 
that could formulate micro-clusters at the edge. Since IoT devices can 
operate on limited energy capacity, we assess the impact of container 
execution in IoT by building their energy profile. The profiles obtained
 suggest that the processes for the container management present high 
energy consumption. We suggest a greedy approach to spread their 
consumption among the nodes of the cluster.

Speaker: Gianni Antichi

The possibility to easily add new functionality to network data planes has lately
opened new exciting research directions towards understanding how such a programmability
can impact the design of networks as well as their services. In this talk, I will present some
of the work I have been doing in rethinking the role of programmable switches and network
interface cards in support of network function and end host application acceleration. I will
discuss how different operations, e.g., fast reroute upon link failures, path tracing, can be
efficiently performed by adding new features in the network switches. I will then analyse
how new programmable network interface cards can be also leveraged for application
offloading. Finally, I will discuss open research questions and conclude with an analysis of
the limitations imposed by the state-of-the-art networking systems programming language, i.e., P4.

Speaker: Rosa Filgueira

In DARE and VERCE projects we have been working in several solutions for enabling easy data-intensive workflow composition and deployment on clouds and/or HPC systems. Our work translates scientists methods to concrete scientific workflows that can be portable and reproducible on different computing environments without making any (or little) changes. For achieving this, we have combined the strengths of dispel4py, CWL (and previously Pegasus) scientific workflows, Docker containers, Kubernetes infrastructure orchestration, Jupyter notebooks, and Cloud platforms. This work has been in collaboration within the Climatology and Seismology domains.

Speaker: Steven Clarke

The Developer Division User Experience Research group at Microsoft facilitates over 10,000 interactions per year with software professionals in order to learn about how to improve the experience those professionals have with Microsoft developer tools and services. One area we specialise in is learning what is involved in designing and building APIs and SDKs that developers will not only be able to use, but will enjoy using. In this talk, I will talk about how we use UX research techniques when designing the user experience for an API. I’ll describe what motivated us to pay so much attention to the user experience of an API and will talk about how our approach has changed over the years.

Speaker: Rik Sarkar

Pervasive sensing and computing devices generate large volumes of data which can be monitored to improve computer systems and infrastructures; but at the same time they pose issues of privacy. Data sharing methods that guarantee privacy of participants are necessary to reassure both contributors and users of data. In this talk, we will discuss recent and ongoing work in the use of statistical methods for private data sharing. The objective of these methods is to privatise data close to the source (e.g. at the network edge) to ensure that non-private data is never used for analytics. We will discuss these ideas in the context of sensing and iot data, distributed/edge computing and measurements in anonymous networks such as Tor.

Speaker Bio: Dr Rik Sarkar is a Lecturer at School of Informatics, U. Edinburgh, and Deputy Director of the Laboratory for foundations of computer science. Dr. Sarkar is known for his work on information processing in sensor network and network analysis. His current interests include statistical privacy, privacy preserving machine learning, reliable learning and network analysis.

Speaker: Robbie Simpson

Creating particle collisions powerful enough to discover new physics requires vast amounts of energy.
How is this safely managed?
What happens if something goes wrong?
Can problems be detected in the microseconds before they become critical?
And if we can detect them, what can be done to limit the damage?

These are all challenges for the Machine Protection group at CERN.
In this this talk we'll discuss the interlock and protection systems that ensure
safe operation of the world's most powerful particle accelerator.
We'll take a special look at the engineering challenges of developing and
maintaining the software for accelerator control systems, and at some
of the unique factors of software in high-energy physics.

Speaker: Mihail Yanev

Speaker: Ric Glassey

The use of version control systems within computing education is growing in popularity. However, this is challenging because such systems are not particularly well designed to support educational situations, nor are they easy to use with confidence in teaching, as specialist knowledge and experience is required. At KTH: Royal Institute of Technology, we have five years of experience of introducing first year computer science students to version control as a "day one" skill, and building upon this throughout the whole first year. This talk will provide some pearls (and perils) from our hard won experience, as well as introduce the open source tool (Repobee) we have developed based on this experience to help any teacher introduce version control as a course management technology.

Speaker: Saad ALTamimi

Successful implementation of information security policies (ISP) and IT controls play an important role in safeguarding patient privacy in healthcare organizations. Our study investigates the factors that lead to healthcare practitioners’ neutralisation of ISPs, leading to noncompliance. The study adopted a qualitative approach and conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with medical interns and hospital IT department managers and staff in an academic hospital in Saudi Arabia. The study’s findings revealed that the MIs imitate their peers’ actions and employ similar justifications when violating ISP. Moreover, MI team superiors’ (seniors) ISP non-compliance influences MI’s tendency to invoke neutralisation techniques. We found that trust between medical team members is an essential social facilitator that motivates MI’s to invoke neutralisation techniques to justify violating ISP policies and controls. These findings add new insights that help us to understand the relationship between the social context and neutralisation theory in triggering ISP non-compliance.

Speaker: Gorry Fairhurst

This talk introduces IETF QUIC, a next generation web transport protocol. It presents a set of transport performance measurements using a recent QUIC implementation,Quicly, developed by Fastly. The results will be reviewed in the context of the dynamics of a broadband satellite access system. This considers interactions between the physical layer properties (geostationary orbit delay), radio resource management (access time, asymmetry, and capacity limits) and the transport system provided by QUIC.Our data is drawn from measurements using an operational geostationary satellite service in a study funded by the European Space Agency.

Speaker: Dejice Jacob

Python is a popular language for end-user software development in many application domains.  End-users want to harness parallel compute resources effectively, by exploiting commodity manycore technology including GPUs.  However, existing approaches to parallelism in Python are esoteric, and generally seem too complex for the typical end-user developer. We argue that implicit, or automatic, parallelization is the best way to deliver the benefits of manycore to end-users, since it avoids domain-specific languages, specialist libraries, complex annotations or restrictive language subsets.  Auto-parallelization fits the Python philosophy, provides effective performance, and is convenient for non-expert developers.

Despite being a dynamic language, we show that Python is a suitable target for auto-parallelization. In an empirical study of 3000+ open-source Python notebooks, we demonstrate that typical loop behaviour 'in the wild' is amenable to auto-parallelization.  We show that staging the dependence analysis is an effective way to maximize performance. We apply classical dependence analysis techniques, then leverage the Python runtime's rich introspection capabilities
to resolve additional loop bounds and variable types in a just-in-time manner.  The parallel loop nest code is then converted to CUDA kernels for GPU execution.  We achieve orders of magnitude speedup over baseline interpreted execution and some speedup (up to 50x, although not consistently) over CPU JIT-compiled execution, across 12 loop-intensive standard benchmarks.

PREPRINT
http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~jacobd/ALPyNA_Python_Parallelization_DLS19.pdf

Speaker: Vasileios Giotsas

The build-out of private Wide Area Networks (WANs) by cloud providers allows providers to extend their network to more locations and establish direct connectivity with end user Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Tenants of the cloud providers benefit from this proximity to users, which is supposed to provide improved performance by bypassing the public Internet. However, the performance impact of private WANs is not widely understood. To isolate the impact of a private WAN, we measure from globally distributed vantage points to a large cloud provider, comparing performance when using its worldwide WAN and when forcing traffic to instead use the public Internet. The benefits are not universal. While 40% of our vantage points saw improved performance when using the WAN, half of our vantage points did not see significant performance improvement, and 10% had better performance over the public Internet. We find that the benefits of the private WAN tend to improve with client-to-server distance, but that the benefits (or drawbacks) to a particular vantage point depend on specifics of its geographic and network connectivity.

Speaker: Stephen McQuistin

Anycast is a popular tool for deploying global, widely available systems, including DNS infrastructure and Content Delivery Networks (CDNs). The optimization of these networks often focuses on the deployment and management of anycast sites. However, such approaches fail to consider one of the primary configurations of a large anycast network: the set of networks that receive anycast announcements at each site (i.e., an announcement configuration). Altering these configurations, even without the deployment of additional sites, can have profound impacts on both anycast site selection and round-trip times. In this talk, I'll explore the operation and optimization of anycast networks through the lens of deployments that have a large number of upstream service providers. I'll demonstrate that these many-provider anycast networks exhibit fundamentally different properties than few-provider networks when interacting with the Internet, having a greater number of single AS-hop paths, and reduced dependency on each provider. I'll further examine the impact of announcement configuration changes, demonstrating that in nearly 30% of vantage point groups, round-trip time performance can be improved by more than 25%, solely by manipulating which providers receive anycast announcements. Finally, I’ll describe DailyCatch, an empirical measurement system for testing and validating announcement configuration changes, and demonstrate its ability to influence user-experienced performance on a global, anycast CDN.

Speaker: Bill Buchanan

We have often built systems which lack any form of real trust, and which have little respect for privacy and consent. This presentation will outline some of the methods which can be used to build a more trustworthy world, and will includes the theoretical and practical aspects of zero-knowledge proofs, homomorphic encryption, ring signatures, privacy-preserving machine learning and bulletproofs. Along with this the presentation will outline the key risks that we have around the development of quantum computers and will outline the methods which could be used to overcome the breaking of public key methods. Finally the talk will outline light-weight cryptography methods, and how we can secure devices on limited compatibility devices.

Speaker: Dimitrios Pezaros

Speaker: Andrey Mokhov

Applicative functors and monads have conquered the world of functional
programming by providing general and powerful ways of describing effectful
computations using pure functions. Applicative functors provide a way to
compose independent effects that cannot depend on values produced by earlier
computations, and all of which are declared statically. Monads extend the
applicative interface by making it possible to compose dependent effects,
where the value computed by one effect determines all subsequent effects,
dynamically.

This talk presents an intermediate abstraction called selective
applicative functors that requires all effects to be declared statically, but
provides a way to select which of the effects to execute dynamically. We
demonstrate applications of the new abstraction on several examples, including
two real-life case studies.

Speaker: Hans Vandierendonck

Speaker: Hans Vandierendonck

Speaker: Andrea Coraddu

Data Analytics is improving our way to understand complex phenomena as and even faster than a-priory physical models have done in the past. Engineering Systems are composed by many complex elements, their mutual interaction is not easy to model and predict adopting the conventional first principles physics model based on a-priory physical knowledge, because of the significant number of parameters which influence their behaviour. Moreover, state-of-the-art models built upon the physical knowledge of the system may have computational prohibitive requirements. First principles physics models describe the behaviour of systems based on governing physical laws and taking into account their mutual interactions. The higher the detail in the modelling of the physical equations the higher the expected accuracy of the results and the computational time required for the simulation. These models are generally rather tolerant to extrapolation and do not require extensive amount of operational measurements. On the other hand, when employing models that are computationally fast enough to be used for online optimisation, the expected accuracy in the prediction of operational variables is relatively low. Additionally, the construction of the model is a process that requires competence in the field, and availability of technical details which are often not easy to get access.

Data Driven Models, instead, exploit advanced statistical techniques in order to build models directly based on the large amount of historical data collected by the recent advanced automation systems without having any a-priory knowledge of the underlining physical system. Data Driven Models are extremely useful when it comes to continuously monitor physical systems to avoid preventive or corrective maintenance and take decisions based on the actual condition of the system. Unfortunately, Data Driven Models need a large amount of data to achieve satisfying accuracies and this can be a drawback when the data’s collection might requires a stop of the asset. For these reasons, the different modelling philosophies must be exploited in conjunction in order to solve their drawbacks and take the best of each approach.

The seminar will focus on Physical, Data Driven, and Hybrid Models for marine engineering applications. Example and real-life problem will be proposed and analysed, from bearings fault prediction, to energy optimisations, and fuel consumption predictions.

Speaker: Alastair Reid

One of the most important interfaces in a computer system is the interface between hardware and software. This talk examines two critical aspects of defining the hardware-software interface: quality and performance.

The first aspect concerns the "radical" idea of creating a single, high-quality, formal specification of microprocessors that everybody can use. This idea does not seem "radical" until you realize that standard practice is for every group to create their own version of a specification in their preferred toolchain. I will describe the challenges that lead to this behavior and how to overcome the challenges. This project lead to the creation of Arm's official formal specification of their microprocessors and to the formal validation of Arm's processors against that specification.

The second aspect concerns the tradeoff between portability and performance in the context of high performance, energy efficient, parallel systems. I will describe the challenges in balancing portability and performance and how I overcame them by defining the hardware-software interface in terms of extensions of the C language. This project played a key part in creation of a software-defined radio system capable of implementing the 4G cellphone protocol.

The Arm architecture is the largest computer architecture by volume in the world; it behooves us to ensure that the interface it describes is appropriately defined.

Speaker: Magnus Myreen

CakeML is a functional programming language and an ecosystem of proofs
and tools built around the language. The ecosystem includes program
verification tools and a proven-correct compiler that can bootstrap
itself.

In this talk, I will introduce the CakeML project, present its
compiler, and describe how CakeML tools can be used to prove
functional correctness down to the machine code that runs on the
hardware. I will also talk about recent developments, including how we
have proved correctness of a CPU that the CakeML compiler can compile
to; and how we plan to support proofs about space usage of the
compiled programs -- thus proving that programs stay within their
stack and heap limits.

The CakeML project is a collaboration between several sites. Read more
about the project here: https://cakeml.org/

Speaker: Scott Owens

CakeML is an impure functional programming language aimed at supporting formally verified programs. The CakeML project has several aspects including formal semantics and metatheory, a verified compiler, a mechanised connection between its semantics and higher-order logic (in the HOL4 interactive theorem prover), and an example verified theorem prover written in CakeML and HOL4. It also has respectable performance compared to industrial-strength implementations of ML.

The CakeML project has been running for six years and has achieved its initial goal of demonstrating the feasibility of a practical, mechanically verified compiler from program source text to target machine code. But where should we go from here? In this talk, I will present an overview of the compiler, and the techniques we used to verify it. I will also present some example applications which have been built atop CakeML, and speculate on the role that a verified compiler can play in building trustworthy software.

Speaker: Richard Mortier

We are all the subjects of data collection and processing systems that use data generated both about and by us to support many services. Means for others to use such data -- often referred to possessively as "your data" -- are only increasing with the long-heralded advent of the Internet of Things just the latest example. Simultaneously, many jurisdictions have regulatory and statutory instruments to govern the use of such data. Means to enable personal data management is thus increasingly recognised as a pressing societal issue.

We previously formulated a notion of Human-Data Interaction (HDI) in an attempt to bring some structure to the space. This resulted in the Databox, a platform enabling an individual data subject to manage, log and audit access to their data by others. The fundamental architectural change Databox embodies is to move from copying of personal data by others for central processing, to distribution of data analysis to a subject-controlled platform for execution. This provides a basis for data subjects to obtain HDI's legibility, agency and negotiability in the use of their data. I will introduce HDI, and present the Databox platform design, implementation and current status.

For more information, see our GitHub repository or join the discussions at https://forum.databoxproject.uk/

# Bio

Richard Mortier is the Reader in Computing and Human-Data Interaction in the Systems Research Group of the University of Cambridge Department of Computer Science & Technology (aka The Computer Laboratory). His past research has included work on Internet routing stability, distributed system performance analysis, network management, massively scalable databases, aesthetic designable machine-readable codes, and home network usability and security. He mixes systems with HCI, seeking to build user-centric systems infrastructure to enable Human-Data Interaction in our ubiquitous computing world. For more see http://mort.io

Speaker: Dr Psoco Tso

Speaker: Paul Patras

In this talk I will present an in depth security and privacy analysis of the Fitbit ecosystem. I will first reveal an intricate security through obscurity implementation of the user activity synchronization protocol on early device models. Based on reverse engineering, I will show how sensitive personal information can be extracted in human-readable format, and demonstrate that malicious users can inject fabricated activity records to obtain personal benefits. I will also discuss how attackers can exploit protocol weaknesses to associate nearby victim trackers with a controlled account and subsequently exfiltrate fitness data. Second, I will reveal that the firmware update procedure can be compromised and the code running on devices within wireless range can be modified without consent. Finally, I will discuss how we altered the official smartphone app with the aim of subverting the Fitbit cloud. Although the majority of the vulnerabilities identified have been patched, the lessons learned apply to other Internet of Things applications where the smartphone mediates between user, device, and service.

References:

http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/ppatras/pub/imwut18.pdf

http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/ppatras/pub/raid17.pdf

Bio:

Paul Patras is a Lecturer and Chancellor's Fellow in the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh, where he leads the Internet of Things Research Programme. He received his Ph.D. from University Carlos III of Madrid and held visiting research positions at the University of Brescia, Northeastern University, TU Darmstadt, and Rice University. His research interests include performance optimisation in wireless and mobile networks, applied machine learning, mobile traffic analytics, security and privacy, prototyping and test beds.

Speaker: Harry Wagstaff

Dynamic binary translation (DBT) and emulation are increasingly useful tools in a wide variety of contexts, from backwards compatibility, to software debugging, to architectural design and prototyping. However, there is usually a requirement for high performance of such tools, which can be difficult to attain without detailed knowledge of DBT and emulation.
This talk introduces GenSim, a toolset developed and used within the University of Edinburgh to aid and accelerate binary translation and simulation research. GenSim consists of an ADL (Architecture Description Language), ADL Compiler, and simulation tools (ArchSim and Captive) which can be used for simulation, or as platforms for DBT research. By using these tools we can achieve performance exceeding that of the state of the art (QEMU), without requiring detailed domain knowledge.

Speaker: Aaron Smith

Abstract: Specialization, accelerators, and machine learning are all the rage. But most of the world's computing today still uses conventional RISC and CISC CPUs, which expend significant energy to achieve high single-thread performance. Von Neumann ISAs have been so successful because they provide a clean conceptual target for software while running a wide range of algorithms reasonably well. We badly need clean new abstractions that utilize fine-grain parallelism and run energy efficiently.

Prior work (such as the UT-Austin TRIPS EDGE ISA and others) showed how to form blocks of computation containing limited-scope dataflow graphs, which can be thought of as small structures (DAGs) mapped to silicon. In this talk I will describe work that addresses the limitations of early EDGE ISAs and provide results for two specific microarchitectures developed in collaboration with Qualcomm Research. These early results are based on placed and routed RTL in 10nm FinFET.

Bio: Aaron is a part-time Reader in the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh and Principal Researcher at Microsoft. In Edi he co-teaches UG3 Compiling Techniques and is working on binary translation and machine learning related projects. At Microsoft he leads a research team investigating hardware accelerators for datacenter services. He is active in the LLVM developer community and a number of IEEE and ACM conferences and has over 50 patents pending.

Speaker: Michel Steuwer

Speaker: Carlos Reaño

Over the past decade, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have been adopted in many computing facilities given their extraordinary computing power, which have made it possible to accelerate many general purpose applications from different domains. In this presentation we show different ways of enhancing the use of these accelerators in high-performance computing clusters. Finally, we look to the future to envision what the next stage might be, what could be done with all the experience gained in this field.

Speaker: Michele Sevegnani

Large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSN) are increasingly deployed and an open question is how they can support multiple applications. Networks and sensing devices are typically heterogeneous and evolving: topologies change, nodes drop in and out of the network, and devices are reconfigured. In this talk, I will present a modelling and verification framework for WSNs based on Bigraphical Reactive Systems (BRS) for modelling, with bigraph patterns and temporal logic properties for specifying application requirements. The bigraph diagrammatic notation provides an intuitive representation of concepts such as hierarchies, communication, events and spatial relationships, which are fundamental to WSNs. The key question we address is how to verify that application requirements are met, individually and collectively, and can continue to be met, in the context of large-scale, evolving network and device configurations. A prototype implementation of our approach is demonstrated through a real-life urban environmental monitoring case-study.

This is joint work with Milan Kabac, Muffy Calder and Julie McCann.

Modelling and Verification of Large-Scale Sensor Network Infrastructures, Michele Sevegnani, Milan Kabac, Muffy Calder and Julie A. McCann, in proceedings of International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (ICECCS 2018), IEEE, to appear.

Speaker: George Parisis

Speaker: KC Sivaramakrishnan

Speaker: Christopher Johnson

In this talk, I will provide a brief overview of recent cyber attacks on
national critical infrastructures -
focussing mainly on aviation and energy generation.  I will describe how
UK policy has changed in response
to these threats and introduce two new projects working with GCHQ/NCSC to
improve our defences.  The first
identifies metrics to assess the resilience of supply chains to cyber
attacks in industries affected by the
Network and Information Systems (NIS) directive.  The second is opening
the industrial cyber lab in the School to
provide access to a range of government and commercial organisations -
developing a pedagogy for forensics in
networks and architecture that are very different from more conventional
TCP/IP environments.

Speaker: Liangxiu Han

By 2020, the total size of digital data generated by social networks, sensors, biomedical imaging and simulation devices, will reach an estimated 44 Zettabytes (i.e. 44 trillion gigabytes) according to IDC reports. This type of 'big data', together with the advances in information and communication technologies such as Internet of things (IoT), connected smart objects, wearable technology, ubiquitous computing, is transforming every aspect of modern life and bringing great challenges and spectacular opportunities to fulfill our dream of a sustainable smart society.

This talk will focus on our recent research and development based on big data driven approaches to address society challenges through several real case studies in various application domains such as Health, Food, Smart Cities etc.

Speaker: Andrey Mokhov

Abstract: Are you tired of fiddling with sets of vertices and edges when working with graphs? Would you like to have a simple algebraic data type for representing graphs and manipulating them using familiar functional programming abstractions? In this talk, we will learn a new way of thinking about graphs and a new approach to working with graphs in a functional programming language like Haskell. The ideas presented in the talk are implemented in the Alga library: https://github.com/snowleopard/alga. I hope that after the talk you will be able to implement a new algebraic graph library in your favourite programming language in an hour.

Speaker: Andrey Mokhov is a senior lecturer in computer engineering at Newcastle University and a Royal Society Industry Fellow. Andrey is interested in applying abstract mathematics and functional programming to industrial engineering problems. In 2015 he was a visiting researcher at Microsoft Research Cambridge redesigning the build system of the Glasgow Haskell Compiler; this project is currently continued as part of a 4-year Royal Society research fellowship dedicated to studying build systems in general.

Speaker: Pavlos Petoumenos

Stagnating single core performance is driving us towards more complex hardware configurations. Extracting all available performance from such systems is not a straightforward task. It involves trial and error and expert knowledge about how hardware and software interact. Development tools have failed to keep up with this challenge. Even for simple optimisation problems, they might fail to extract three quarters of the available performance. Unless we find radical new ways for analysing and optimising applications, the gap between possible and typically achievable performance will only widen. 

My research aims at bridging this gap with analysis and optimisation methodologies which are fast, easy to use, and require no supervision or expert guidance. My earlier work used state capturing and lightweight instrumentation to evaluate optimisation decisions without any input from the developer or the user. My current research goes even further, with deep language learning to test, analyse, and improve complex code. This line of work has the potentially of  permanently changing how we create optimisation and analysis heuristics.

Speaker: Tom Spink

Abstract:

Virtualisation is a powerful tool used for the isolation, partitioning,  and sharing of physical computing resources. Employed heavily in data centres, becoming increasingly popular in industrial settings, and used by home-users for running alternative operating systems, hardware virtualisation has seen a lot of attention from hardware and software developers over the last ten–fifteen years.

From the hardware side, this takes the form of so-called hardware assisted virtualisation, and appears in technologies such as Intel-VT, AMD-V and ARM Virtualization Extensions. However, most forms of hardware virtualisation are typically same-architecture virtualisation, where

virtual versions of the host physical machine are created, providing very fast isolated instances of the physical machine, in which entire operating systems can be booted. But, there is a distinct lack of hardware support for cross-architecture virtualisation, where the guest machine architecture is different to the host.

I will talk about my research in this area, and describe the cross-architecture virtualisation hyper-visor Captive that can boot unmodified guest operating systems, compiled for one architecture in the virtual machine of another.

I will talk about the challenges of full system simulation (such as memory, instruction, and device emulation), our approaches to this, and how we can efficiently map guest behaviour to host behaviour.

Finally, I will discuss our plans for open-sourcing the hypervisor, the work we are currently doing and what future work we have planned.

Speaker: Zheng Wang

Developing an optimising compiler is a highly skilled and arduous process and there is inevitably a software delay whenever a new processor is designed. It often takes several generations of a compiler to start to effectively exploit the processors' potential, by which time a new processor appears and the process starts again. This never-ending game of catch-up means that we rarely fully exploit a shipped processor and it inevitably delays time to market. As we move to multi- and many-core platforms, this problem increases.

This talk will look at some of our award-winning studies on using machine learning to automate the design process of compiler optimisation heuristics.  It will demonstrate how machine learning can be employed to reduce expert involvement in compiler design yet yielding significantly better performance than hand-tuned heuristics.

Bio:

Zheng Wang is a Senior Lecturer at Lancaster University where he leads the distributed systems group. He develops methods and builds systems to allow computer to adapt to the ever-changing environments. His research spans code optimisations, performance, energy efficiency, and systems security. His previous work has won three best paper awards and two best presentation awards at prestigious conferences at compilation and parallel computing.

Speaker: Peter Inglis

tbc

Speaker: Femi Olukoya

tbc

Speaker: Paul V. Gratz

Hardware virtualization is a major component of large scale server and

data center deployments due to its facilitation of server

consolidation and scalability.  Virtualization, however, comes at a

high cost in terms of system main memory utilization.  Current virtual

machine (VM) memory management solutions impose a high performance

penalty and are oblivious to the operating regime of the system.

Therefore, there is a great need for low-impact VM memory management

techniques which are aware of, and reactive to, current system state

to drive down the overheads of virtualization.  Further, as new memory

technologies become available in the cloud, traditional systems and

hypervisor software must be adapted to the changing systems

architectures to achieve optimal performance and efficiency. This talk

will examine techniques to address these challenges in memory

management for virtualized environments.  First, we observe that the

host machine operates under different memory pressure regimes, as the

memory demand from guest VMs changes dynamically at runtime.  Adapting

to this runtime system state is critical to reduce the performance

cost of VM memory management.  We propose a novel dynamic memory

management policy called Memory Pressure Aware (MPA) ballooning.  MPA

ballooning dynamically allocates memory resources to each VM based on

the current memory pressure regime.  Moreover, MPA ballooning

proactively reacts and adapts to sudden changes in memory demand from

guest VMs.  Next, I will discuss our work characterizing the impact of

current OS timeslice behavior modern, shared, large last-level caches.

Here we show that, counter to recent trends shortening timeslices,

large last-level caches require lengthened timeslices to amortize

their fill time.

BIO:

Paul V. Gratz is an Associate Professor in the department of

Electrical and Computer Engineering at Texas A&M University, currently

visiting the University of Edinburgh on sabbatical.  His research

interests include efficient and reliable design in the context of high

performance computer architecture, processor memory systems and

on-chip interconnection networks.  He received his B.S. and

M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from The University of Florida

in 1994 and 1997 respectively.  From 1997 to 2002 he was a design

engineer with Intel Corporation.  He received his Ph.D. degree in

Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Texas at

Austin in 2008.  His papers "Path Confidence based Lookahead

Prefetching" and "B-Fetch: Branch Prediction Directed Prefetching for

Chip-Multiprocessors" were nominated for best papers at MICRO '16 and

MICRO '14 respectively.  At ASPLOS '09, Dr. Gratz received a best

paper award for "An Evaluation of the TRIPS Computer System."  In 2016

he received the "Distinguished Achievement Award in Teaching - College

Level" from the Texas A&M Association of Former Students and in 2017

he received the "Excellence Award in Teaching, 2017" from the Texas

A&M College of Engineering.

Speaker: Dejice Jacob

tbc

Speaker: Paul Keir

Rather than solely confirming aspects of correctness, types hold the potential to be the primary input in a program's construction. As a Turing complete sublanguage, C++ templates can run arbitrarily complex code at compile time. C++ templates are also a strict, functional language, though this aspect can be marginalised, owing to weak support for higher-order (meta)functions; and other omissions such as currying and type classes. In this talk we introduce a small library to allow idiomatic higher-order C++ metafunction classes to be implicitly curried, and demonstrate its application to a selection of interesting folds; with the assistance of the tacit/pointfree paradigm.

Speaker: Ana Ibrahim

tbc

Speaker: Paul Caseley

New technologies pose evaluation challenges for airworthiness for future aircraft and their supporting systems. The UK Ministry of Defence has been investigating some of these new challenges through a 3 year research program which included academic and industry contributions. This presentation discusses some of the proposed and implemented solutions and ongoing challenges the research has highlighted for safety practitioners, developer policy holders and regulators. Topic areas for discussion include: Additive Manufacture (evidence based qualification /certification guidance), Multi Core processing environments (evaluating performance and provision of tools), Data Driven Safety (increased reliance on data in airworthiness, guidance strategies to evaluate), Pilot Substitution Functions (assisting operators through autonomous functions and reasoning of the system architectures including possible non deterministic functions), Mitigating Cyber – strategies to evaluate application of guidance / standards for threats and vulnerabilities affecting airworthiness.

Speaker: Wing Li

tbc

Speaker: Ioannis Psaras

Speaker: Saad Nasser S Altamimi

tbc

Speaker: Pramod Bhatotia

In this talk, I will present our work on how to efficiently
ensure memory safety for shielded execution in the untrusted environment
of cloud.

Code: https://github.com/tudinfse/sgxbounds

Speaker: Colin Perkins

tbc

Speaker: Tim Storer

tbc

Speaker: Ibrahim Alghamdi

tbc

Speaker: Jose Cano Reyes

Deep learning applications are able to recognise images and speech with great accuracy, and their use is now everywhere in our daily lives. However, developing deep learning architectures such as deep neural networks in embedded systems is a challenging task because of the demanding computational resources and power consumption. Hence, sophisticated  algorithms and methods that exploit the hardware of the embedded systems need to be investigated. This paper is our first step towards examining methods and optimisations for deep neural networks that can leverage the hardware architecture of low power embedded devices. In particular, in this work we accelerate the inference time of the VGG-16 neural network on the ODROID-XU4 board. More specifically, a serial version of VGG-16 is parallelised for both the CPU and GPU present on the board using OpenMP and OpenCL. We also investigate several optimisation techniques that exploit the specific hardware architecture of the ODROID board and can accelerate the inference further. One  of these optimisations uses the CLBlast library specifically tuned for the ARM Mali-T628 GPU present on the board. Overall, we improve the inference time of the initial serial version of the code by 2.8X using OpenMP, and by 9.4X using the most optimised version of OpenCL.

Speaker: Abeer Ali

tbc

Speaker: Mohammed Alhamed

tbc

Speaker: Anna Lito Michala

 We consider the problem of assigning software processes (or
tasks) to hardware processors in distributed robotics environments. We
introduce the notion of a task variant, which supports the adaptation
of software to specific hardware configurations. Task variants
facilitate the trade-off of functional quality versus the requisite
capacity and type of target execution processors. We formalise the
problem as a mathematical model that incorporates typical constraints
found in robotics applications; the model is a constrained form of a
multi-objective, multi-dimensional, multiple-choice knapsack problem.
We propose and evaluate three different solution methods to the
problem: constraint programming, a greedy heuristic and a local search
metaheuristic. We demonstrate the use of task variants in a real
interactive multi-agent navigation system, showing that constraint
programming improves the systems quality of service, as compared to the
local search metaheuristic, the greedy heuristic and a randomised
solution, by an average of 16%, 31% and 56% respectively.

Speaker: Wim Vanderbauwhede

tbc

Speaker: Stefan Marr

The performance of dynamic languages improved ever since the days of Self. Even so they provide a plethora of features seemingly at odds with an efficient

implementation, modern VMs execute programs written in JavaScript, Python,

Ruby, or Smalltalk as fast as other less dynamic languages. However, there

remains one domain where dynamic languages haven't reached their more

conservative counterparts: shared-memory parallelism.

So far, the fewest dynamic language implementations shed their global

interpreter locks, which allow for simple and efficient data structures for

objects or collections because data races don't have to be considered. The few

implementations that did, unfortunately expose applications to data races

originating in the VM.

This talk presents work on safe data representations for objects and built-in

collections that neither prevent parallel execution nor expose data races

originating in VM-level implementation choices. We show that it is possible to

avoid any overhead on single threaded code as well as making the data

structures scalable for parallel use cases.

Speaker: Tom Wallis

When we architect a new system, optimise an existing one, or investigate a system’s failure, we build models. Being able to represent and analyse what we build is essential. Unfortunately, different types of analysis require models of different kinds, and for very large systems the process of capturing and analysing that system model can be intractable.
One method to circumvent this is to translate between different sorts of system model. This way, we can capture information in a sensible format, but convert to something more sensible when performing analysis, and we already do this to a small extent when the paradigms being converted between are relatively similar. However, vastly different kinds of model — representing different system properties selected from a gamut of behaviours, traits, and environmental properties such as models of time — are difficult to convert. Why is this? What is the current state of the art? What are the potential risks? And how might we go about performing these translations?

Speaker: Milan Kabáč

Our environment is increasingly populated with large amounts of smart objects to monitor free parking spaces, analyze material conditions in buildings, detect unsafe pollution levels in cities, etc. These massive amounts of sensing and actuation devices constitute large-scale infrastructures that span over entire parking lots, campuses of buildings or agricultural fields. Despite the fact that large-scale sensor infrastructures have been successfully deployed in a number of domains, the development of applications for these infrastructures remains challenging. In particular, considerable knowledge about the hardware/network specificities of the sensor infrastructure is required on the part of the developer. To address this issue, software development methodologies and tools raising the level of abstraction need to be introduced to allow non-expert developers program applications.

Speaker: Laurence Tratt

Programming language Virtual Machines (VM)s are now widely used, from server applications to web browsers. Published benchmarks regularly show that VMs can optimise programs to the same degree as, and often substantially better than, traditional static compilers. 

Yet, there are still people who are unhappy with the VMs they use. Frequently their programs don't run anywhere near as fast as benchmarks suggest; sometimes their programs even run slower than more naive language implementations. Often our reaction is to tell such users that their programs are "wrong" and that they should fix them.

This talk takes a detailed look at VM performance, based on a lengthy experiment: we not only uncovered unexpected patterns of behaviour, but found that VMs perform poorly far more often than previously thought. I will draw on some of my own experiences to suggest how we may have gotten into such a pickle. Finally, I will offer some suggestions as to how we might be able to make more VM users more happy in the future.

Speaker: Blair Archibald

Speaker: Juan Herrera

The objective of NEXTGenIO, an EC H2020 project, is to design and implement a platform that can address the challenge of delivering scalable I/O performance to applications at the Exascale. NVRAM is used to reduce the latency gap between memory and storage. In order to evaluate the platform's effectiveness regarding I/O performance and throughput, a set of eight memory and I/O-bound applications have been selected. In this talk, the methodology for testing the NEXTGenIO platform will be presented. One of the topics to be discussed is how NVRAM will impact the end-to-end performance of these applications.

Speaker: Niall Barr

tbc

Speaker: Aleksandra Vuckovic

Two major clinical applications for Brain Computer Interfaces are for assistive devices and for neurorehabilitation. In my talk I will present research activities of Rehabilitation Engineering group in these areas. First part of the talk will be dedicated to two clinical applications that I’ve been working on for a number of years, rehabilitation of hand function and treatment of chronic pain in people with spinal cord injury. I will present our Impact Case study, continuation from REF 2014, development of BCI software for portable home based applications as medical device class 1 (ISO 62304) and first steps towards creating BCI service design. Following this, I will present some initial results and plans for the future for BCI inclusive serious games for rehabilitation and entertainment. I am looking forward to discuss areas of possible collaborations.

Speaker: John O'Donnell

Speaker: Partha Maji

Speaker: Rene Steijl

In recent years the field of quantum computing (QC) has grown into an active and diverse field of research and significant progress has been made with building quantum computers. For a small number of applications, quantum algorithms have been developed that would lead to a significant speed-up relative to classical methods when executed on a suitable quantum computer. Despite this research effort, progress in defining suitable applications for quantum computers has been relatively limited and two decades after their invention, Shor's algorithm for factoring composite integers and Grover's algorithm for quantum search are still among the main applications.
In the present work, we investigate the potential of quantum computing and suitably designed algorithms for future computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applications. In the absence of the required quantum hardware, large-scale parallel simulations on 'classical' parallel computers are required in developing such algorithms. The presentation will cover a number of quantum algorithms which can potentially be used effectively as part of larger CFD algorithms/methods. Errors introduced by quantum decoherence, gate errors as well as uncertainties introduced by quantum measurement operations all need to be accounted for in the analysis and design of new quantum algorithms for practical use. A parallel quantum computing simulator was developed as part of the present investigation. Challenges and results from simulations on HPC facilities form the second main aspect of this presentation. Finally, ideas and prospects for future developments will be presented.

Speaker: Jan de Muijnck-Hughes

The Border Patrol Project seeks to investigate how state-of-the-art
advances in programming language theory can provide better guarantees
towards System-On-Chip (SoC) design and execution. Specifically we are
interested in extending existing work on structural type systems for
SoC with behavioural information. Specifically, we are looking to
incorporate Value-Dependent Multi-Party Session Types using dependent
types.

In this talk I will aim to: discuss the goals of the Border Patrol
Project; outline some of the design challenges we have encountered so
far when looking to adapt multi-party session types for describing
hardware; and demonstrate how dependent types can help reason about the
structure of SoC architectures.

Speaker: S Waqar Nabi

High-performance computing on heterogeneous platforms in general and those with FPGAs in particular presents a significant programming challenge. We contend that compiler technology has to evolve to automatically optimize applications by transforming a given original program. We are developing a novel methodology based on “TYpe TRAnsformations” (TyTra) of a given scientific kernel.

I am going to talk about the overall TyTra framework, with a focus on the memory access optimizations required to maintain “streaming” on the FPGAs, which is essential to get performance out of these devices. A “2d-shallow-water” scientific model will be used as an illustration and I will discuss some recent results. 

I will also discuss my experience of visiting the CHREC laboratory at the University of Florida this summer as part of a HiPEAC collaboration grant. I will talk a little about their FPGA cluster(s), and how working with them informs the development the TyTra optimizing compiler.  

Speaker: William Waites

Speaker: Levente Csikor

The high variability in traffic demands, the advanced networking services at various layers (e.g., load-balancers), and the steady penetration of SDN technology and virtualization make the crucial network troubleshooting tasks ever more challenging over multi-tenant environments.
Service degradation is first realized by the users and, as being the only one having visibility to many relevant information (e.g., connection details) required for accurate and timely problem resolution, the infrastructure layer is often forced upon continuous monitoring resulting in wasteful resource management, not to mention the long time frames. 
In this talk, I will propose an End-host-Driven Troubleshooting architecture (EDT), where users are able to share the application-specific connection details with the infrastructure to accelerate the identification of root causes of performance degradation, and to avoid the need for always-on, resource-intensive, and network-wide monitoring. 
Utilizing EDT, I will show some essential tools for real end-to-end trace routing (PTR), identifying packet losses, and carry out hop-by-hop latency measurements (HEL).

Speaker: Shufan Yang

A wide range of video/vision applications including robotics, advanced driver assistance and autonomous vehicles currently require high performance processing for object recognition. Many popular deep learning based object detection frameworks are quite impressive, however these frameworks still require very high computation power. With the performance/power/area ratio limited in embedded systems, this poses an interesting problem. To build a quicker and more accurate video processing system, we have constructed a CPU/GPGPU/FPGA hybrid system to provide a flexible solution that combines software and hardware programmability to investigate energy consumptions. This talk will cover our latest cross-cutting software and hardware programmable approach to address the performance/power/area ratio challenges posed by convolutional neural networks based on complex machine vision applications.

Bio: Dr Shufan Yang received a Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from University of Manchester in 2010, under supervisor Professor Steve Furber. She is currently a lecturer in the School of Engineering at University of Glasgow. Prior to joining UoG, she was a Post-doc at one of European largest Intelligent Robotic group (ISRC) in University of Ulster from 2010 to 2012. Her research interests include System-on-Chip, Machine Vision and the implementation of reconfigurable architectures. She has published over 50 journal and conference papers. She has joined research projects in SpiNNaker, EUFP7 IM-CleveR and EU Si Elegans. Her research has been sponsored by DstL, EU and NCFS as well as industry partners from Rolls-Royce, Xilinx, ARM, NVidia and TIC Clean Companies.

Speaker: Mircea Iordache

Network security has been struggling to protect modern networks because of non-parallelizable behaviour and monolithic functionality that doesn’t perform well in distributed environments due to design, often impacting overall performance for network users. Reimplementing security applications to conform to modern standards is unfeasible due to the scale of the undertaking, so I propose an alternative based on controlling behaviour to create flexible microservices that improve user-to-service latency and network infrastructure utilisation.

Speaker: Marcel Flores

Speaker: Thomas Karagiannis

Abstract:

These are exciting times for technologies in the cloud. One of the key requirements for high-performant applications in today’s multi-tenant datacenters is performance predictability, a traditionally elusive property for shared resources like the network or storage.  Yet, online services running in infrastructure datacenters need such predictability to satisfy applications SLAs. Cloud datacenters require guaranteed performance to bound customer costs and spur adoption. In this talk, through the story of the Predictable Datacenters Project at Microsoft Research which resulted in key QoS features in Windows Server, I will describe how simple abstractions and mechanisms can offer predictable performance for shared cloud resources like the network and even storage. Finally, I will shortly discuss projects that the group in Cambridge is focusing on.

Speaker: Jeremy Singer

The Java virtual machine (JVM) and its hosted programming languages are evolving rapidly. Unfortunately there are two side effects. (1) Quantitative studies of characteristic behaviour are quickly outdated. (2) JVM profiling requires constant tool maintenance effort. This presentation explores how to make JVM profiling great again.

Speaker: Myungjin Lee

Datacenter network debugging is complex. Existing network debuggers are even
more complex, requiring in-network techniques like dynamic switch rule
updates, collecting per-packet per-switch logs, collecting data plane
snapshots, packet mirroring, packet sampling, traffic replay, etc.

In this talk, I will call for a radically different approach: in contrast to
existing tools that implement the functionality entirely in-network (i.e., on
network switches), we should carefully partition the debugging tasks between the
edge and the network. To that end, I present PathDump, a minimalistic network
debugger that achieves two main goals: (1) implement a large fraction of
published network debugging functionalities using the network edge only; and (2)
for functionalities that cannot entirely be implemented at the edge, use
debugging at the edge to reduce the problem to a small subset of the network. In
particular, I will discuss the design, implementation and evaluation of PathDump
that runs over a real network comprising only of commodity network components.

Speaker: Stephen McQuistin

Anycast CDNs announce the same IP address blocks from different physical sites, or Points-of-Presence (PoPs). They then rely upon Internet routing to map clients to PoPs, creating catchments: the set of clients that map to a given PoP.  Optimisation of these catchments is important, as performance, scalability, and resilience are reduced by poor catchments (e.g., clients connecting to distant PoPs). Exploring new anycast configurations requires changes in anycast announcements, and understanding the impact of these changes is challenging. A large, diverse set of vantage points is required for coverage, but this makes it difficult to surface changes that are most significant to the CDN. In this talk, I’ll describe a methodology for mapping anycast catchments and evaluating changes in anycast configuration at a large CDN.

Speaker: Tim Summers

Speaker: Michel Steuwer, Adam Harries, Naums Mogers, Federico Pizzuti, Toomas Remmelg, Larisa Stoltzfus

The Lift project aims at generating high-performance code for parallel processors from a portable high-level program. Starting from a single high-level program an optimisation process based on rewrite rules transforms the portable program into highly-specialised low-level code delivering high-performance.

This talk will motivate the indispensability of performance portability given the increasing pace of the development of specialised hardware such as GPUs, FPGAs, or Google's TPU. After a brief introduction of the core aspects of Lift, the Lift team will give an overview of our ongoing research of using Lift for accelerating areas such as machine learning, physics simulations, graph algorithms, and linear algebra.

Speaker: Martin Sablotny

Today’s software products are complex entities with many functions. Those functions have to be tested thoroughly in order to prevent security issues. In the modern software development process fuzzing an important role in finding security related bugs.
Nonetheless developing generation based fuzzers for complex input formats is a time consuming work and requires a lot of knowledge about those formats. This work focuses on the use of  deep learning algorithms in order to create HTML tags, which are combined to test cases and executed inside a browser. First results have shown that it is possible to learn the format from a generation based fuzzer and outperform it in terms of code coverage.

Speaker: Prof Simon Moore

Memory safety bugs result in many vulnerabilities in our computer systems allowing exploits including recent security breaches: WannaCry, HeartBleed, CloudBleed and StackClash.  To fundamentally improve computer system resilience to these attacks, we propose a new processor (CHERI) together with compiler and operating system support that mitigate these bugs with few changes to applications.  CHERI provides fine grained memory protection using a new hardware supported type: the capability.  Capabilities provide hardware enforced provenance, integrity and bounds checking for code and data references.  We demonstrate how (code, data) capability pairs can be used for highly scalable and performant compartmentalisation.  Efficient compartmentalisation allows the principle of least privilege to be widely applied, mitigating both known and unknown attacks.  Though these changes to computer systems are radical, there is a clear adoption path and we are currently working with major commercial partners to transition the technology.

Speaker: Michel Steuwer

In this work, we advocate a composable approach to programming systems with Graphics Processing Units (GPU): programs are developed as compositions of generic, reusable patterns. Current GPU programming approaches either rely on low-level, monolithic code without patterns (CUDA and OpenCL), which achieves high performance at the cost of cumbersome and error-prone programming, or they improve the programmability by using pattern-based abstractions (e.g., Thrust) but pay a performance penalty due to inefficient implementations of pattern composition.

We develop an API for GPUs based programming on C++ with STL-style patterns and its compiler-based implementation. Our API gives the application developers the native C++ means (views and actions) to specify precisely which pattern compositions should be automatically fused during code generation into a single efficient GPU kernel, thereby ensuring a high target performance. We implement our approach by extending the range-v3 library which is currently being developed for the forthcoming C++ standards. The composable programming in our approach is done exclusively in the standard C++14, with STL algorithms used as patterns which we re-implemented in parallel for GPU. Our compiler implementation is based on the LLVM and Clang frameworks, and we use advanced multi-stage programming techniques for aggressive runtime optimizations.

We experimentally evaluate our approach using a set of benchmark applications and a real-world case study from the area of image processing. Our codes achieve performance competitive with CUDA monolithic implementations, and we outperform pattern-based codes written using Nvidia’s Thrust.

Speaker: Prof. Daniel J. Sorin

We have developed a hardware accelerator for motion planning, a critical operation in robotics. I will  present the microarchitecture of our accelerator and describe a prototype implementation on an FPGA. Experimental results show that, compared to the state of the art, the accelerator improves performance by three orders of magnitude and improves power consumption by more than one order of magnitude. These gains are achieved through careful hardware/software co-design. We have modified conventional motion planning algorithms to aggressively precompute collision data, and we have implemented a microarchitecture that leverages the parallelism present in the problem.

Speaker: Gorry Fairhurst

Abstract:

Active Queue Management (AQM) with Explicit Congestion Notification  (ECN) has been deployed in cloud data centres to minimise the latency  and improve the near real-time deadlines for workflows such as  Partition/Aggregate tasks. The talk explores how ECN can also reduce  latency of transactional applications using the Internet. This leads to  a simple sender-side change to TCP, “Alternative Backoff with ECN”, and  how this can offer a compelling reason to deploy and enable ECN across  the Internet. It finally outlines the path to standarisation and how  future research can enable new applications.

Bio: 

Gorry Fairhurst is a Professor in the School of Engineering at the University of Aberdeen. His current research include performance evaluation and protocol design, Internet transport architecture, rural broadband access and satellite networking. He has 20 years experience working as an Internet Engineer, and is committed to open Internet standards and chairs the IETF’s Transport and Services Working Group (TSVWG).

Speaker: Michel Steuwer & Juan Fumero

Computer systems are increasingly featuring powerful parallel devices with the advent of many-core CPUs and GPUs. This offers the opportunity to solve computationally-intensive problems at a fraction of the time traditional CPUs need. However, exploiting heterogeneous hardware requires the use of low-level programming language approaches such as OpenCL, which is incredibly challenging, even for advanced programmers.

On the application side, interpreted dynamic languages are increasingly becoming popular in many domains due to their simplicity, expressiveness and flexibility. However, this creates a wide gap between the high-level abstractions offered to programmers and the low-level hardware-specific interface. Currently, programmers must rely on high performance libraries or they are forced to write parts of their application in a low-level language like OpenCL. Ideally, nonexpert programmers should be able to exploit heterogeneous hardware directly from their interpreted dynamic languages.

In this talk, we present a technique to transparently and automatically offload computations from interpreted dynamic languages to heterogeneous devices. Using just-in-time compilation, we automatically generate OpenCL code at runtime which is specialized to the actual observed data types using profiling information. We demonstrate our technique using R, which is a popular interpreted dynamic language predominately used in big data analytic. Our experimental results show the execution on a GPU yields speedups of over 150x compared to the sequential R implementation and the obtained performance is competitive with manually written GPU code. We also show that when taking into account start-up time, large speedups are achievable, even when the applications run for as little as a few seconds.

Speaker: Tim Storer

Socio-technical systems model the structure and interactions of
heterogeneous collections of actors, including human operators,
technical artefacts and organisations.  Such systems are characterised
by the interactions of actors at different scales of activity and behave
according to a complex interplay of factors, including formally defined
business processes, legal or regulatory standards, technological
evolution, organisational culture or norms and interpersonal
relationships and responsibilities.  The modelling and engineering of
such systems is still very much a a craft, requiring repeated trial,
error and subsequent revision.  Application of conventional systems
modelling methods is difficult, because socio-technical systems are not
readily disposed to functional decomposition, as the complex
interactions between components makes a separation of concerns
difficult.   As a consequence, existing techniques result in models that
either lack sufficient detail to capture the  effect of subtle
contingencies; are too narrow to make useful assessments about the
larger system; are unable to
 capture evolution in behaviours; or are so complex that analysis and
interpretation becomes intractable.

In this work, I will present a novel method for modelling
socio-technical systems that substantially reduces the difficulty of
simulating complex contingent behaviours.  In our approach, informal,
contingent behaviours are modelled as aspects that can be applied
obliviously to alter actor behaviour described in idealised workflows.
The aspects apply code fuzzers to the workflow descriptions, adjusting
the flow of execution of a workflow and representing the variability
that can occur in real life systems.  I will present a proof of concept
tool, Fuzzi Moss, and evaluate the approach using a case study of
software development workflows.

Speaker: Nick Brown

The Epiphany is a many-core, low power, low on-chip memory co-processor typical of a number of innovative micro-core architectures. The very low power nature of these architectures means that there is potential for their use in future HPC machines, and their low cost makes them ideal for HPC education & prototyping. However there is a high barrier to entry in programming due to the associated complexities and immaturity of supporting tools.

I will talk about ePython, a subset of Python for the Epiphany. Due to the idiosyncrasies of the hardware we have developed a new Python interpreter and this, combined with additional support for parallelism, has meant that novices can take advantage of Python to very quickly write parallel codes on the Epiphany and easily prototype their codes. In addition to running codes directly we have developed support for decorating kernels in existing Python codes and for these to be seamlessly offloaded, via ePython, to the Epiphany. I will discuss a prototype machine learning code for detecting lung cancer in 3D CT scans, where our decorators are used to offload the neural network onto the Epiphany in order to evaluate whether this technology is appropriate for these sorts of codes and what sort of performance once can expect.

Speaker: Walaa Alayed

The IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) rely on the use of external Objective Functions for selecting the best path, where the majority of OFs are based on a single routing metric. In this talk I’ll be presenting an Analytic Hierarchy Process Objective Function (AHP-OF) inspired by multi-criteria decision making techniques.  The idea of AHP-OF is to combine several routing metrics by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique to provide a better neighbour selection compared to existing OFs. The motivation of designing AHP-OF is to satisfy the different application requirements for Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLN) such as reliable, real time and highly available applications.

Speaker: Prof. Des Higham

Many applications require us to summarize key properties of a large, complex network. I will focus on the task of quantifying the relative importance, or "centrality" of the network nodes. This task is routinely performed, for example, on networks arising in biology, security, social science and telecommunication. To derive suitable algorithms, the concept of a walk around the network has proved useful; through either the dynamics of random walks or the combinatorics of deterministic walks.

In this talk I will argue that some types of walk are less relevant than others. In particular, eliminating backtracking walks leads to new network centrality measures with attractive properties and, perhaps surprisingly, reduced computational cost. Defining, analysing and implementing these new methods combines ideas from graph theory, matrix polynomial theory and sparse matrix computations.

Speaker: Blesson Varghese

It is forecast that over 50 billion devices will be added to the Internet by 2020. Consequently, 50 trillion gigabytes of data will be generated. Currently, applications generating data on user devices, such as smartphones, tablets and wearables use the cloud as a centralised server. This will soon become an untenable computing model. The way forward is to decentralise computations away from the cloud towards the edge of the network closer to the user. In my talk, I will present challenges, my current research and vision to harness computing capabilities at the edge of the network. More information is available at www.blessonv.com.

Speaker: Niall Barr

Language Workbenches are tools used to support the creation and use of Domain Specific Languages (DSLs), frequently for the purpose of supporting Language Oriented Programming (LOP) or Generative Programming. LOP is an approach to application development where a language that is close to the problem domain is created, and the application is developed in this language. Generative programming is the related approach where a language at a high level of abstraction is used, and source code in a more general purpose language is generated from that code. In this talk I will describe the approach to web application development using generative programming that I have been using and evolving over several years, and my simple language workbench, WizardsWorkbench. As these web applications tend to follow a fairly similar pattern, DSLs are reused and evolved as required, my approach can be considered to be a form of Product Family Engineering that utilises generative programming. I will also describe the example driven approach which is used with WizardsWorkbench to develop both the parsers and the code generation output templates as well as the two DSLs used internally by WizardsWorkbench for parsers and templates.

Speaker: Paul Keir

In the last decade, high-performance computing has made increasing use of heterogeneous many-core parallelism. Typically the individual processor cores within such a system are radically simpler than their predecessors; and an increased portion of the challenge in executing relevant programs efficiently is reassigned. Tasks, previously the responsibility of hardware, are now delegated to software. Fast, on-chip memory, will primarily be exposed within a series of trivially distinct programming languages, through a handful of address spaces annotations, which associate discrete sections of memory with pointers; or similar low-level abstractions. Traditional CPUs would provide a hardware data cache for such functionality. Our work aims to improve the programmability of address spaces by exposing new functionality within the existing template metaprogramming system of C++

Speaker: Tyler Sorensen

GPUs are co-processors originally designed to accelerate graphics computations. However, their high bandwidth and low energy consumption have led to general purpose applications running on GPUs. To remain relevant in the fast-changing landscape of GPU frameworks, GPU programming models are often vague or underspecified. Because of this, several programming constructs have been developed which violate the official programming models, yet execute successfully on a specific GPU chip, enabling more diverse applications to be written for that specific device. During my PhD, we have examined one such construct: a global synchronisation barrier (or GSB). In this talk, we will address three key questions around this rogue programming construct: (1) Is it *possible* to write a portable GSB that successfully executes on a wide range of today's GPUs? (2) Can a GSB be *useful* for accelerating applications on GPUs? And (3) can a programming model that allows a GSB be *sustainable* for future GPU frameworks? Our hope is that this investigation will help the GSB find a permanent home in GPU programming models, enabling developers to exciting new applications in a safe and portable way.

Short Bio: Tyler’s research interests are in developing and understanding models for testing and safely developing GPU applications which contain irregular computations. In particular, he examines issues related to the GPU relaxed memory model and execution model. He received his MSc from University of Utah in 2014 and worked as an intern for the Nvidia compiler team during the summers of 2013 and 2014.

Speaker: Abeer Ali

Traditional network security systems consist of deploying high-performance and high-cost appliances (middleboxes) in fixed locations of the physical infrastructure to process traffic to prevent, detect or mitigate attacks.  This limits their provisioning abilities to a static specification, hindering extensible functionality and resulting in vendor lock-in.Virtualizing security function avoids these problems and increases the efficiency of the system. In this talk, we present the requirements and challenges of building a framework to deploy and manage virtualized security functions in a multitenant virtualized infrastructure like Cloud and how we can exploit latest advances in Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and network services offered by Software-Defined Networking (SDN) to implement it.

Speaker: Dr. Jan de Muijnck-Hughes

Communicating protocols are a cornerstone of modern system design. However, there is a disconnect between the different tooling used to design, implement and reason about these protocols and their implementations. Session Types are a typing discipline that help resolve this difference by allowing protocol specifications to be used during type-checking to ensure that implementations adhere to a given specification.

Idris is a general purpose programming language that supports full-dependent types, providing programmers with the ability to reason more precisely about programs. This talk introduces =Sessions=, our implementation of Session Types in Idris, and demonstrates =Sessions= ability to design and realise several common protocols.

=Sessions= improves upon existing Session Type implementations by introducing value dependencies between messages and fine-grained channel management during protocol design and implementation. We also use Idris' support for EDSL construction to allow for protocols to be designed and reasoned about in the same language as their implementation. Thereby allowing for an intrinsic bond to be introduced between a protocol's implementation and specification, and also with its verification.

Using =Sessions=, we can reduce the existing disconnect between the tooling used for protocol design, implementation, and verification.

Speaker: Dr Steven J Johnston

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) have peaked in the hype curve and have demonstrated they are here to stay in one form or another. Many cities have attempted to retrofit 'smart' capabilities and there is no shortage of disconnected, often proprietary CPS addressing city infrastructure.

In the same way that online activity evolved from simplistic webpages to feature rich web 2.0, CPS also need to evolve. What will the Smart City 2.0 of tomorrow will look like, how will the architectures will evolve and most importantly how does this address the key challenges of cities; energy, environment and citizens. (Audience interaction welcomed)

Speaker: Levente Csikor

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) offers a new way to operate, manage, and deploy communication networks and to overcome many of the long-standing problems of legacy networking. However, widespread SDN adoption has not occurred yet, due to the lack of a viable incremental deployment path and the relatively immature present state of SDN-capable devices on the market. While continuously evolving software switches may alleviate the operational issues of commercial hardware-based SDN offerings, lagging standards-compliance, performance regressions, and poor scaling, they fail to match the cost-efficiency and port density. In this paper, we propose HARMLESS, a new SDN switch design that seamlessly adds SDN capability to legacy network gear, by emulating the OpenFlow switch OS in a separate software switch component. This way, HARMLESS enables a quick and easy leap into SDN, combining the rapid innovation and upgrade cycles of software switches with the port density and cost-efficiency of hardware-based appliances into a fully dataplane-transparent and vendor-neutral solution. HARMLESS incurs an order of magnitude smaller initial expenditure for an SDN deployment than existing turnkey vendor SDN solutions while, at the same time, yields matching, or even better, data plane performance.

Speaker: Dr Marwan Fayed

Netflix, YouTube, iPlayer, are increasingly targets of the following complaint: "How come my child gets HD streams on her phone, while I'm stuck with terrible quality on my 50 inch TV?" Recent studies observe that competing adaptive video streams generate flows that lead to instability, under-utilization, and unfairness behind bottleneck links. Additional measurements suggest there may also be a negative impact on users' perceived quality of experience as a consequence. Intuitively, application-generated issues should be resolved at the application layer. In this presentation I shall demonstrate that fairness, by any definition, can only be solved in the network. Moreover, that in an increasingly HTTP-S world, some form of client interaction is required. In support, a new network-layer 'QoE-fairness' metric will be be introduced that reflects user experience. Experiments using our open-source implementation in the home environment reinforce the network-layer as the right place to attack the general problem.

Refs

[1] http://dl.ifip.org/db/conf/networking/networking2015/1570066341.pdf

[2] https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2940144

Bio: Marwan Fayed received his MA from Boston University and his PhD from the University of Ottawa, in 2003 and 2009 respectively, and in between worked at Microsoft as a member of the Core Reliability Group. He joined the faculty at the University of Stirling, UK in 2009 as under the Scottish Informatics and Computer Science Alliance (SICSA) scheme. He recently held the appointment of 'Theme Leader' for networking research in Scotland. His current research interests lie in wireless algorithms, as well as general network, transport, and measurement in next generation edge networks. He is a co-founder of HUBS c.i.c., an ISP focussed on rural communities; recipient of an IEEE CCECE best paper award; and serves on committees at IEEE and ACM conferences.

Speaker: John O'Donnell

The computer program AlphaGo made history in 2016 by defeating Lee Sedol, one of the top professional go players, in a five game match.  A few weeks ago, an updated version of AlphaGo played 60 games against professionals and won them all.  The current generation of strong go programs use neural networks and Monte Carlo tree search.  These programs have a distinctive playing style and occasionally make astonishing moves, raising questions that are presently the focus of intensive research.  This talk will explore some of these issues, and illustrate them with incidents from the history of go as well as from the recent games by computers.

Speaker: Dr. Mark Post

Driven by ever more demanding applications, modern embedded computing and automation systems have reached unprecedented levels of complexity. Dr. Post’s research focuses on applying novel software and hardware architectures to simplify and distribute the structure of robots and other embedded systems, to make them robust and able to operate under uncertainty, and also allow to for more efficient and automated development processes. One way to achieve this is via the unification of programming and data, made possible by using probabilistic abstractions of exact data. In a new methodology for embedded programming developed through this research, exact variables are replaced with random variables and a computation process is defined based on evidence theory and probabilistic inference. This has many advantages including the implicit handling of uncertainty, a guarantee of deterministic program execution, and the ability to apply both statistical on-line learning and expert knowledge from relational semantic sources. Implementation on real-time systems is made reliable and practical by applying modular and lock-free inter-process communication, semantic introspection and stochastic characterization of processes to build robust embedded networks based on wide-computing concepts. This methodology in general has a vast array of potential real-world applications, and some aspects have been applied successfully to embedded programming of planetary rovers and agricultural robots.

Speaker: Robbie Simpson

Systems Engineering makes extensive use of modelling and analysis methodologies to design and analyse systems. However, it is rare for these methodologies to be effectively validated for correctness or utility. Additionally, the common use of case studies as an implicit validation mechanism is undermined by the lack of validation of these case studies themselves. This talk explores the problem of validation with specific reference to requirements engineering and safety analysis techniques, identifies the main shortcomings and attempts to propose some potential solutions.

Speaker: Robbie Simpson

Speaker: Dr Kostas Kyriakopoulos

The talk will go through the overview of research conducted in the "Signal Processing and Networks" group at Loughborough University, with a strong emphasis on the “Networks" side. We have developed algorithms for fusing cross layer measurements using the Dempster Shafer evidence framework to make decisions on whether packets/frames in the network are coming from a malicious source or from the legitimate Access Point. We are currently researching on how to infuse this system with contextual information besides the direct measurements from the network. The talk will also discuss other Networks relevant topics, including Ontologies for management of networks and some brief introduction to the group’s Signal Processing expertise in Signal Processing for defence areas.

Speaker: Sam Tobin-Hochstadt

Functional languages have traditionally had sophisticated ahead-of-time compilers such as GHC for Haskell, MLton for ML, and Gambit for Scheme. But other modern languages often use JIT compilers, such as Java, Smalltalk, Lua, or JavaScript. Can we apply JIT compilers, in particular the technology of so-called tracing JIT compilers, to functional languages? I will present a new implementation of Racket, called Pycket, which shows that this is both possible and effective. Pycket is very fast on a wide range of benchmarks, supports most of Racket, and even addresses the overhead of gradual typing-generated proxies.

Biography: Sam Tobin-Hochstadt is an Assistant Professor in the School of Informatics and Computing at Indiana University. He has worked on dynamic languages, type systems, module systems, and metaprogramming, including creating the Typed Racket system and popularizing the phrase "scripts to programs." He is a member of the ECMA TC39 working group responsible for standardizing JavaScript, where he co-designed the module system for ES6, the next version of JavaScript. He received his PhD in 2010 from Northeastern University under Matthias Felleisen.

Speaker: Jeremy Singer

Jermey presents an analysis of beginner Haskell code.

Speaker: Dr Timothy M Jones

Many modern data processing and HPC workloads are heavily memory-latency bound. Current architectures and compilers perform poorly on these applications due to the highly irregular nature of the memory access patterns involved. This leads to CPU stalling for the majority of the time. However, on closer inspection, these applications contain abundant memory-level parallelism that is currently unexploited. Data accesses are, in many cases, well defined and predictable in advance, falling into a small set of simple patterns. To exploit them though, we require new methods for prefetching, in hardware and software.

In this talk I will describe some of the work my group has been doing in this area over the past couple of years. First, I'll show a compiler pass to automatically generate software prefetches for indirect memory accesses, a special class of irregular memory accesses often seen in high-performance workloads. Next, I'll describe a dedicated hardware prefetcher that optimises breadth-first traversals of large graphs. Finally, I'll present a generic programmable prefetcher that embeds an array of small microcontroller-sized cores next to the L1 cache in a high-performance processor. Using an event-based programming model, programmers are able to realise performance increases of over 4x by manual creation of prefetch code, or 3.5x for the same application using an automatic compiler pass.

Speaker: Prof Sven-Bodo Scholz

Traditionally, programs are specified in terms of data structures and successive modifications of these. This separation dictates at what time which piece of data is located in what space, be it main memory, disc or registers. When aiming at high-performance, parallel executions of programs, it turns out that the choice of this time / space separation can have a vast impact on the performance that can be achieved. Consequently, a lot of work has been spent on compiler technology for identifying dependencies between data and on techniques for rearranging codes for improved locality with respect to both, time and space. As it turns out, the programmer specified choice of data-structures often limits what can be achieved by such optimisation techniques. In this talk, we argue that a new way of formulating parallel programs that is based on a unified view on space and time not only matches much better typical scientific specifications, it also increases the re-usability of programs and, most importantly, it enables more radical space-time optimisations through compilers.

Speaker: Colin Perkins

Over the last few months, the Section has been engaged in a review of our undergraduate curriculum and teaching. This talk will outline the changes we’re proposing, and what we hope to achieve by doing so

Speaker: Mr Adrian Jackson

The hardware used in HPC systems is becoming much more diverse than we have been used to in recent times. Intel's latest Xeon Phi processor, the Knights Landing (KNL), is one example of such change, however bigger changes in memory technologies and hierarchies are on the way. In this talk I will outline our experiences with the KNL, how future memory technologies are likely to impact the hardware in HPC systems, and what these changes might mean for users.

Speaker: Dhahi Alshammari

Much cloud computing research is performed using simulators. There are many simulators available. One of the most common simulators is "CloudSim", which is widely used as a cloud research tool.  This talk will review briefly the CloudSim system and its various extensions. The extensions provide additional usability features and improved simulation fidelity. I will further present results of an empirical study to evaluate the precision of CloudSim by comparing it with actual test-bed results from the Glasgow Raspberry Pi Cloud infrastructure

Speaker: Mr Andy Till

The BEAM virtual machine has flexible and powerful tooling for introspection, statistics and debugging without affecting the running application. Erlyberly is an ongoing project to lower the barrier for entry for using these capabilities, focusing on tracing.

Speaker: Dejice Jacob

In a sensor network, using sensor nodes with significant compute 
capability can enable flexible data collection, processing and reaction. This
can be done using commodity single-board computers. In this talk, we will be
describing initial deployment, software architecture and some preliminary analysis.

Speaker: Prof Greg Michaelson

In formalising denotational semantics, Strachey introduced a higher order update function for the modelling of stores, states and environments. This function relies solely on atomic equality types, lambda abstractions and conditions to represent stack disciplined association sequences as structured closures, without recourse to data structure constructs like lists.

Here, we present higher order functions that structure closures to model queue, linear ordered and tree disciplined look up functions, again built from moderately sugared pure lambda functions. We also discuss their type properties and practical implementation.

Speaker: John O'Donnell

Speaker: Mr Stan Manilov

Automatic parallelisation is an old research topic, but unfortunately, it
has always been over-promising and under-performing. In this talk, we'll
look at the main approaches towards automatically detecting parallelism in
legacy sequentialcode and we'll follow with some fresh ideas we're working
on, aiming to bring us beyond the ubiquitous dependence analysis.

Speaker: Tosan Atele-Williams

Speaker: Patrick Maier

The AJITPar project aims to automatically tune skeleton-based parallel
programs such that the task granularity falls within a range that
promises decent performance: Tasks should run long enough to amortise
scheduling overheads, but not too long.

In this talk, I will sketch how AJITPar uses dynamic cost models to
accurately estimate mean task runtimes, despite irregular task sizes.
The key is random scheduling and robust linear regression.

(Joint work with Magnus Morton and Phil Trinder.)

Speaker: Dr Rob Stewart

FPGAs are chips that can be reconfigured to exactly match the structure
of a specific algorithm. They are faster than CPUs and need less power
than GPUs, and hence are well suited for remote image processing needs.
They are however notoriously difficult to program, which is often done
by hardware experts working at a very low level. This excludes algorithm
designers across a range of real world domains from exploiting FPGA
technology. Moreover, time and space optimisation opportunities found in
compilers of high level languages cannot be applied to low level
hardware descriptions.

This talk will be in three parts. 1) I will present RIPL, our image
processing FPGA DSL. It comprises algorithmic skeletons influenced by
stream combinator languages, meaning the RIPL compiler is able to
generate space efficient hardware. 2) I will demonstrate our compiler
based dataflow transformations framework, which optimises the dataflow
IR form of RIPL programs before they are synthesised to FPGAs. 3) I will
describe the FPGA based smart camera architecture that RIPL programs
slot into, which is used for evaluation.

Speaker: Natalia Chechina

I’m going to give this talk at the end of November at BuildStuff developer conferences in Vilnius (Lithuania) and Kiev (Ukraine).  So it’s a bit skewed towards developer community rather than research community.  Any feedback will be very much appreciated.

I’ll talk about scalability and fault tolerance features of distributed Erlang. In particular, what makes it so good for large scale distributed applications on commodity hardware, where devices are inherently non-reliable and can disappear and re-appear at any moment.

The talk is based on experience of developing Scalable Distributed Erlang (SD Erlang -- a small extension of distributed Erlang for distributed scalability) and integrating Erlang in robotics. So, I’ll share rationale behind design decisions for SD Erlang, lessons learned, advantages, limitations, and plans for the further development. And then talk about benefits of Erlang in distributed robotics, initial findings, and plans.

Speaker: Prof Kevin Hammond

Evolutionary multi-agent systems (EMAS) play a critical role in many artificial intelligence applications that are in use today. This talk will describe a new parallel pattern for parallel EMAS computations, and its associated skeleton implementation, written in Erlang using the Skel library. The skeleton enables us to flexibly capture a wide variety of concrete evolutionary computations that can exploit the same underlying parallel implementation. The use of the skeleton is shown on two different evolutionary computing applications: i) computing the minimum of the Rastrigin function; and ii) solving an urban traffic optimization problem. We can obtain very good speedups (up to 142.44× the sequential performance) on a variety of different parallel hardware from Raspberry Pis to large-scale multicores and Xeon Phi accelerators, while requiring very little parallelisation effort.

Speaker: Blair Archibald

 I have recently returned from a summer working at EPCC, one of the
  largest high performance computing (HPC) centres in the UK. In this
  talk I'll give give a whirlwind tour of what I got up to during my
  time there!

  I'll start by describing EPCC itself and how it fits into the wider
  HPC community. Then will dive into two of the projects I was involved
  in over summer.

  Firstly, the Adept project which tackles the challenges presented by
  the need for energy efficient computing. This project relies heavily
  on custom hardware to gain fine grain knowledge of power usage. We
  will see how at how energy scales with parallel efficiency, the
  potential hidden cost of programming languages, and some interesting
  future research directions.

  Next, the ExaFLOW project aimed at providing the next generation of
  computational fluid dynamics codes (ready for the "Exa-scale" era).
  We will dive into mixed precision analysis and discover how we can
  analyse floating-point behaviour of scientific codes by way of binary
  instrumentation.

Speaker: Dr Mauro Dragone

Building smart spaces combining IoT technology and robotic
capabilities is an important and extended challenge for EU R&D&I, and a key
enabler for a range of advanced applications, such as home automation,
manufacturing, and ambient assisted living (AAL). In my talk I will provide an
overview of robotic ecologies, i.e. systems made up of sensors, actuators and
(mobile) robots that cooperate to accomplish complex tasks. I will discuss the
Robotic Ecology vision and highlight how it shares many similarities with the
Internet of Things (IoT): The ideal aim on both fronts is that arbitrary
combinations of devices should be able to be deployed in everyday environments,
and there efficiently provide useful services. However, while this has the
potential to deliver a range of disruptive services and address some of the
limitations of current IoT efforts, their effective realization necessitates
both novel software engineering solutions and artificial intelligence methods
to simplify their large scale application in real world settings. I will
illustrate these issues by focusing on the results of the EU project RUBICON
(fp7rubicon.eu). RUBICON built robotic ecologies that can learn to adapt to
changing and evolving requirements with minimum supervision. The RUBICON
approach builds upon a unique combination of methods from cognitive robotics,
machine learning, wireless sensor networks and software engineering. I will
summarise the lessons learned by adopting such an approach and outline
promising directions for future developments.

Biography:

Mauro Dragone is Assistant Professor with the Research Institute of Signals,
Sensors and Systems (ISSS), School of Engineering & Physical Sciences at
Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Centre for Robotics. Dr. Dragone gained more
than 12 years of experience as a software architect and project manager in the
software industry before his involvement with academia. His research expertise
includes robotics, human-robot interaction, wireless sensor networks and
software engineering. Dr. Dragone was involved in a number of EU projects
investigating Internet of Things (IoT) and intelligent control solutions for
smart environments, before initiating and leading the EU project RUBICON
(fp7rubicon.eu).

Speaker: Simon Jouet

OpenFlow has established itself as the defacto standard for Software Defined Networking (SDN) by separating the network's control and data planes. In this approach a central controller can alter the match-action pipeline of the individual switches using a limited set of fields and actions preventing. This inherent rigidity prevents the rapid introduction of new data plane functionality that would enable the design of new forwarding logic and other packet processing such as custom routing, telemetry, debugging, security, and quality of service.

In this talk I will present BPFabric a platform, protocol, and language-independent architecture to centrally program and monitor the data plane. It will cover the design of the switches and how they defer from "legacy" or OpenFlow switches and the design of a control API to orchestrate the infrastructure.

Speaker: Dr Boris Grot

Web-scale online services mandate fast access to massive quantities of
data. In practice, this is accomplished by sharding the datasets across a
pool of servers within a datacenter and keeping each shard within a
server's main memory to avoid long-latency disk I/O. Accesses to non-local
shards take place over the datacenter network, incurring communication
delays that are 20-1000x greater than accesses to local memory. In this
talk, I will introduce Scale-Out NUMA -- a rack-scale architecture with an
RDMA-inspired programming model that eliminates chief latency overheads of
existing networking technologies and reduces the remote memory access
latency to a small factor of local DRAM. I will overview key features of
Scale-Out NUMA and will describe how it can bridge the semantic gap
between software and hardware through integrated support for atomic object
reads.

Bio:

Boris Grot is a Lecturer in the School of Informatics at the University of
Edinburgh. His research seeks to address efficiency bottlenecks and
capability shortcomings of processing platforms for big data. His recent
accomplishments include an IEEE Micro Top Pick and a Google Faculty
Research Award. Grot received his PhD in Computer Science from The
University of Texas at Austin and spent two years as a post-doctoral
fellow at the Parallel Systems Architecture Lab at EPFL.

Speaker: Phil Trinder

This session is essential for all members of the Systems Section. We will

• Meet new PhD students in the section
• Discuss progress since the Away Day
• Discuss strategic plans, including:
  • A Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) proposal
  • A high-profile Section Workshop as part of the School’s 60^th anniversary celebrations

 Feel free to propose other topics by email to Phil.Trinder@glasgow.ac.uk

Speaker: Phil Trinder

The Robot Operating System (ROS) is the de facto standard middleware

for modern robots. However, communication between 

ROS nodes has scalability and reliability issues in practice. This talk reports 

an  investigation into whether Erlang’s lightweight concurrency

and reliability mechanisms have the potential to address these issues.

The basis of the investigation is a pair of simple but typical

robotic control applications, namely two face-trackers: one using

ROS publish/subscribe messaging, and the other a bespoke Erlang

communication framework.

The talk reports experiments that compare five key aspects of the ROS

and Erlang face trackers. We find that Erlang communication scales

better, supporting at least 3.5 times more active processes (700 processes)

than its ROS-based counterpart (200 nodes) while consuming

half of the memory. However, while both face tracking prototypes

exhibit similar detection accuracy and transmission latencies

with 10 or fewer workers, Erlang exhibits a continuous increase in

the total time taken to process a frame as more agents are added,

which we have identified is caused by function calls from Erlang

processes to Python modules via ErlPort. A reliability study shows

that while both ROS and Erlang restart failed computations, the

Erlang processes restart 1000–1500 times faster than ROS nodes,

reducing robot component downtime and mitigating the impact of

the failures.

Joint work with Andreea Lutac, Natalia Chechina, and Gerardo Aragon-Camarasa

Speaker: Jeremy Singer

This week, our Functional Programming in Haskell course began. We have around 4000 learners signed up for this massive open online course. Wim and I have spent the past six months developing the learning materials, mostly adapted from the traditional Functional Programming 4 course.

In this talk, I will give an overview of the challenges involved in setting up and running an online course. In short, hard work but very rewarding!

https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/functional-programming-haskell/1

Speaker: Professor Saji Hameed

This old saying among weather forecasters is correct. Yet it does give little insight into the workings of the climate system.  While weather can be understood and simulated as instabilities arising within  the atmosphere,  climate involves interactions and exchanges of properties among a wide variety of subsystems that include for example the atmosphere, the ocean and land subsystems. I will first discuss an example of these interactions at play showcasing the El Nino phenomenon.  In the rest of the talk, I will endeavor to describe how software for climate models integrates experiences and expertise  across a wide range of disciplines and the computational challenges faced by the climate modeling community in doing so.

Biography: Professor Hameed is a Senior Associate Professor at the University of Aizu in Fukushima, Japan. He was the Director of Science at APCC, Korea and has been appointed a Senior Visiting Scientist at Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTECH).

He is credited with the discovery of an ocean-atmosphere coupled mode "Indian Ocean Dipole" which radically changed the prevailing paradigms. At APCC he pioneered an information technology based approach for generating and distributing climate information for societal benefit. He has also worked with APCC and its international partners to develop a climate prediction based approach to managing severe haze and forest fires in Southeast Asia, a severe environmental pollution issue in the area. He is also closely working with scientists at the National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (Japan) to apply climate and weather science for renewable energy applications.

His current work includes investigating Super El Nino using computational modeling approaches, analyzing climate data using machine learning algorithms, tracking clouds and rain with low cost GPS chips, and continuing investigation into Indian Ocean Dipole that affects global climate.

Speaker: Marc Roper

In recent years, software testing research has produced notable advances in the area of automated test data generation. It is now possible to take an arbitrary system and automatically generate volumes of high-quality test data. But the problem of checking the correctness or otherwise of the outputs (termed the "oracle problem") still remains.
This talk examines how machine learning techniques can be used to cluster and classify test outputs to separate failing and passing cases.
The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated and shown to have the potential to reduce by an order of magnitude the numbers of outputs that need to be examined following a test run.

This is joint work carried out with Rafig Almaghairbe

Biography: Dr Marc Roper is a Reader in the Department of Computer and Information Sciences at the University of Strathclyde. He has an extensive background in software engineering, particularly in understanding and addressing the problems associated with designing, testing, and evolving large software systems. Much of his research has incorporated significant empirical investigations: either based around controlled participant-based experiments or through the the analysis of open-source systems and large-scale repositories. His more recent work has explored the application of search-based strategies and machine learning techniques to software engineering problems such as test data generation, the identification of security anomalies, and automatic fault detection. His current interests lie in the area of software analytics, in particular building models of software systems behaviour to automatically identify and locate faults.