Dr Graeme Sills

Senior Lecturer, Director of Education (Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health)

telephone: 0141 330 4140
email: Graeme.Sills@glasgow.ac.uk

School of Life Sciences, Room 346, West Medical Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ

Biography

I graduated with first class honours in Pharmacology from the University of Glasgow in 1990 and was awarded a PhD from University of Glasgow in 1994 for a project entitled "Experimental seizure models and new antiepileptic drugs". I subsequently undertook an extended period of post-doctoral research at the Epilepsy Unit, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, studying the basic and clinical neuropharmacology of antiepileptic agents. I moved to a permanent academic post at the University of Liverpool in 2007 where I continued my research in the field of epilepsy but also became increasingly involved in the teaching of pharmacology and neuroscience at undergraduate and postgraduate level. I returned ‘home’ to the University of Glasgow in October 2018, where I currently hold the position of Lecturer in Pharmacology in the School of Life Sciences.

Research interests

My principal research interests lie in the field of epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs. Much of my early research work focused on the mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs and their efficacy in experimental seizure models. Later, I became increasingly involved in clinical studies of antiepileptic drugs and in exploring the mechanisms behind the phenomenon of drug resistance, which affects >30% of people with epilepsy. This led me into research on drug transporters at the blood-brain barrier and latterly into the study of genomics and its contribution to both the development of epilepsy and to inter-individual differences in the response to antiepileptic drug therapy. Recently, I have additionally pursued interests in the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in epilepsy and in the use of non-mammalian species for novel antiepileptic drug discovery.

Publications

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Number of items: 141.

2023

Boothman, I. et al. (2023) Testing for pharmacogenomic predictors of ppRNFL thinning in individuals exposed to vigabatrin. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17, 1156362. (doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1156362) (PMID:37790589) (PMCID:PMC10542409)

Stevelink, R. et al. (2023) GWAS meta-analysis of over 29,000 people with epilepsy identifies 26 risk loci and subtype-specific genetic architecture. Nature Genetics, 55(9), pp. 1471-1482. (doi: 10.1038/s41588-023-01485-w) (PMID:37653029) (PMCID:PMC10484785)

Sills, G. J. (2023) Pharmacological diversity amongst approved and emerging antiseizure medications for the treatment of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders, 16, (doi: 10.1177/17562864231191000) (PMID:37655228) (PMCID:PMC10467199)

Montanucci, L. et al. (2023) Genome-wide identification and phenotypic characterization of seizure-associated copy number variations in 741,075 individuals. Nature Communications, 14(1), 4392. (doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39539-6) (PMID:37474567) (PMCID:PMC10359300)

2022

Campbell, C. et al. (2022) A pharmacogenomic assessment of psychiatric adverse drug reactions to levetiracetam. Epilepsia, 63(6), pp. 1563-1570. (doi: 10.1111/epi.17228) (PMID:35298028) (PMCID:PMC9321556)

Koko, M. et al. (2022) Association of ultra-rare coding variants with genetic generalized epilepsy: a case-control whole exome sequencing study. Epilepsia, 63(3), pp. 723-735. (doi: 10.1111/epi.17166) (PMID:35032048)

Walker, L. E., Sills, G. J., Jorgensen, A., Alapirtti, T., Peltola, J., Brodie, M. J., Marson, A. G., Vezzani, A. and Pirmohamed, M. (2022) High-mobility group box 1 as a predictive biomarker for drug-resistant epilepsy: a proof-of-concept study. Epilepsia, 63(1), e1-e6. (doi: 10.1111/epi.17116) (PMID:34747496)

2021

Marson, A. G. et al. (2021) Lamotrigine versus levetiracetam or zonisamide for focal epilepsy and valproate versus levetiracetam for generalised and unclassified epilepsy: two SANAD II non-inferiority RCTs. Health Technology Assessment, 25(75), (doi: 10.3310/hta25750) (PMID:34931602)

Thippeswamy, T., Tse, K., Beamer, E. H., Simpson, D., Beynon, R. J. and Sills, G. (2021) The impacts of surgery and intracerebral electrodes in C57BL/6J mouse kainate model of epileptogenesis: seizure threshold, proteomics, and cytokine profiles. Frontiers in Neurology, 12, 625017. (doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.625017)

Wolking, S. et al. (2021) Assessing the role of rare genetic variants in drug-resistant, non-lesional focal epilepsy. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, 8(7), pp. 1376-1387. (doi: 10.1002/acn3.51374) (PMID:34018700)

Wolking, S. et al. (2021) Role of common genetic variants for drug-resistance to specific anti-seizure medications. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 688386. (doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.688386) (PMID:34177598) (PMCID:PMC8220970)

Motelow, J. E. et al. (2021) Sub-genic intolerance, ClinVar, and the epilepsies: A whole-exome sequencing study of 29,165 individuals. American Journal of Human Genetics, 108(6), pp. 965-982. (doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.04.009) (PMID:33932343)

Marson, A. et al. (2021) The SANAD II study of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of levetiracetam, zonisamide, or lamotrigine for newly diagnosed focal epilepsy: an open-label, non-inferiority, multicentre, phase 4, randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 397(10282), pp. 1363-1374. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00247-6) (PMID:33838757) (PMCID:PMC8047799)

Marson, A. et al. (2021) The SANAD II study of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of valproate versus levetiracetam for newly diagnosed generalised and unclassifiable epilepsy: an open-label, non-inferiority, multicentre, phase 4, randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 397(10282), pp. 1375-1386. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00246-4) (PMID:33838758) (PMCID:PMC8047813)

Löscher, W., Sills, G. J. and White, H. S. (2021) The ups and downs of alkyl-carbamates in epilepsy therapy: How does cenobamate differ? Epilepsia, 62(3), pp. 596-614. (doi: 10.1111/epi.16832) (PMID:33580520)

Jones, A., Marson, A. G., Cunliffe, V. T., Sills, G. J. and Morgan, A. (2021) C. elegans as a potential model for acute seizure-like activity. In: Vohora, D. (ed.) Experimental and Translational Methods to Screen Drugs Effective Against Seizures and Epilepsy. Series: Neuromethods, 167. Springer, pp. 233-248. ISBN 9781071612538 (doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1254-5_13)

2020

Jones, A. et al. (2020) A multiorganism pipeline for antiseizure drug discovery: identification of chlorothymol as a novel γ‐aminobutyric acidergic anticonvulsant. Epilepsia, 61(10), pp. 2106-2118. (doi: 10.1111/epi.16644) (PMID:32797628)

Balbanova, S. et al. (2020) A study protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial comparing the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of levetiracetam and zonisamide versus standard treatments for epilepsy: a comparison of Standard And New Antiepileptic Drugs (SANAD-II). BMJ Open, 10(8), (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020- 040635) (PMID:32847927) (PMCID:PMC7451282)

Balabanova, S. et al. (2020) Study protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial comparing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of levetiracetam and zonisamide versus standard treatments for epilepsy: a comparison of standard and new antiepileptic drugs (SANAD-II). BMJ Open, 10(8), e040635. (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040635) (PMID:32847927) (PMCID:PMC7451282)

Sills, G. J. and Rogawski, M. A. (2020) Mechanisms of action of currently used antiseizure drugs. Neuropharmacology, 168, 107966. (doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107966)

Wolking, S. et al. (2020) Testing association of rare genetic variants with resistance to three common antiseizure medications. Epilepsia, 61(4), pp. 657-666. (doi: 10.1111/epi.16467) (PMID:32141622)

Zhu, B., Mak, J. C.H., Morris, A. P., Marson, A. G., Barclay, J. W., Sills, G. J. and Morgan, A. (2020) Functional analysis of epilepsy-associated variants in STXBP1/Munc18-1 using humanised Caenorhabditis elegans. Epilepsia, 61(4), pp. 810-821. (doi: 10.1111/epi.16464) (PMID:32112430)

Wadsworth, I., Hampson, L. V., Jaki, T., Sills, G. J., Marson, A. G. and Appleton, R. (2020) A quantitative framework to inform extrapolation decisions in children. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 183(2), pp. 515-534. (doi: 10.1111/rssa.12532)

2019

Heavin, S. B. et al. (2019) Genomic and clinical predictors of lacosamide response in refractory epilepsies. Epilepsia Open, 4(4), pp. 563-571. (doi: 10.1002/epi4.12360) (PMID:31819912) (PMCID:PMC6885661)

Nicoletti, P. et al. (2019) Shared genetic risk factors across carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity reactions. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 106(5), pp. 1028-1036. (doi: 10.1002/cpt.1493) (PMID:31066027) (PMCID:PMC7156285)

Tse, K., Hammond, D., Simpson, D., Beynon, R. J., Beamer, E., Tymianski, M., Salter, M. W., Sills, G. J. and Thippeswamy, T. (2019) The impact of post-synaptic density 95 blocking peptide (Tat-NR2B9c) and an iNOS inhibitor (1400W) on proteomic profile of the hippocampus in C57BL/6J mouse model of kainate-induced epileptogenesis. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 97(11), pp. 1378-1392. (doi: 10.1002/jnr.24441) (PMID:31090233)

Silvennoinen, K. et al. (2019) Comparative effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsia Open, 4(3), pp. 420-430. (doi: 10.1002/epi4.12349) (PMID:31440723) (PMCID:PMC6698679)

Epi25 Collaborative, (2019) Ultra-rare genetic variation in the epilepsies: a whole-exome sequencing study of 17,606 individuals. American Journal of Human Genetics, 105(2), pp. 267-282. (doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.05.020) (PMID:31327507) (PMCID:PMC6698801)

Walker, L. E. et al. (2019) Molecular isoforms of high-mobility group box 1 are mechanistic biomarkers for epilepsy [Retraction]. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 129(5), p. 2166. (doi: 10.1172/JCI129285) (PMID:30958803) (PMCID:PMC6486347)

Lerche, H., Berkovic, S. F., Lowenstein, D. H. and EuroEPINOMICS-CoGIE, EpiPGX, Epi4K, EPGP Consortia, (2019) Intestinal-cell kinase and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. New England Journal of Medicine, 380(16), e24. (doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1805100) (PMID:30995385)

Berghuis, B. et al. (2019) A genome‐wide association study of sodium levels and drug metabolism in an epilepsy cohort treated with carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine. Epilepsia Open, 4(1), pp. 102-109. (doi: 10.1002/epi4.12297) (PMID:30868120) (PMCID:PMC6398103)

2018

The International League Against Epilepsy Consortium on Complex, (2018) Genome-wide mega-analysis identifies 16 loci and highlights diverse biological mechanisms in the common epilepsies. Nature Communications, 9, 5269. (doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07524-z) (PMID:30531953) (PMCID:PMC6288131)

Wong, S. Q., Jones, A., Dodd, S., Grimes, D., Barclay, J. W., Marson, A. G., Cunliffe, V. T., Burgoyne, R. D., Sills, G. J. and Morgan, A. (2018) A Caenorhabditis elegans assay of seizure-like activity optimised for identifying antiepileptic drugs and their mechanisms of action. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 309, pp. 132-142. (doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.09.004) (PMID:30189284)

May, P. et al. (2018) Rare coding variants in genes encoding GABAA receptors in genetic generalised epilepsies: an exome-based case-control study. Lancet Neurology, 17(8), pp. 699-708. (doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30215-1) (PMID:30033060)

McCormack, M. et al. (2018) Genetic variation in CFH predicts phenytoin-induced maculopapular exanthema in European-descent patients. Neurology, 90(4), e332-e341. (doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004853) (PMID:29288229) (PMCID:PMC5798660)

2017

Androsova, G. et al. (2017) Comparative effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis. Epilepsia, 58(10), pp. 1734-1741. (doi: 10.1111/epi.13871) (PMID:28857179)

Auvin, S., Walker, L., Gallentine, W., Jozwiak, S., Tombini, M. and Sills, G. J. (2017) Prospective clinical trials to investigate clinical and molecular biomarkers. Epilepsia, 58, pp. 20-26. (doi: 10.1111/epi.13782) (PMID:28675556)

Berghuis, B., van der Palen, J., de Haan, G.-J., Lindhout, D., Koeleman, B. P. C., Sander, J. W. and , (2017) Carbamazepine- and oxcarbazepine-induced hyponatremia in people with epilepsy. Epilepsia, 58(7), pp. 1227-1233. (doi: 10.1111/epi.13777) (PMID:28542738)

Mirza, N. et al. (2017) Genetic regulation of gene expression in the epileptic human hippocampus. Human Molecular Genetics, 26(9), pp. 1759-1769. (doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddx061) (PMID:28334860) (PMCID:PMC5411756)

Allen, A. S. et al. (2017) Ultra-rare genetic variation in common epilepsies: a case-control sequencing study. Lancet Neurology, 16(2), pp. 135-143. (doi: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30359-3) (PMID:28102150)

Mirza, N., Sills, G. J., Pirmohamed, M. and Marson, A. G. (2017) Identifying new antiepileptic drugs through genomics-based drug repurposing. Human Molecular Genetics, 26(3), pp. 527-537. (doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddw410) (PMID:28053048)

Walker, L. E. et al. (2017) Molecular isoforms of high-mobility group box 1 are mechanistic biomarkers for epilepsy. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 127(6), pp. 2118-2132. (doi: 10.1172/JCI92001) (PMID:28504645) (PMCID:PMC5451237)

Walker, L. E., Griffiths, M. J., McGill, F., Lewthwaite, P., Sills, G. J., Jorgensen, A., Antoine, D. J., Solomon, T., Marson, A. G. and Pirmohamed, M. (2017) A comparison of HMGB1 concentrations between cerebrospinal fluid and blood in patients with neurological disease. Biomarkers, 22(7), pp. 635-642. (doi: 10.1080/1354750X.2016.1265003) (PMID:27899037)

2016

Wadsworth, I. et al. (2016) Clinical drug development in epilepsy revisited: a proposal for a new paradigm streamlined using extrapolation. CNS Drugs, 30(11), pp. 1011-1017. (doi: 10.1007/s40263-016-0383-y) (PMID:27623676) (PMCID:PMC5078157)

Mirza, N. et al. (2016) An integrative in silico system for predicting dysregulated genes in the human epileptic focus: application to SLC transporters. Epilepsia, 57(9), pp. 1467-1474. (doi: 10.1111/epi.13473) (PMID:27421837)

Warburton, A., Miyajima, F., Shazadi, K., Crossley, J., Johnson, M. R., Marson, A. G., Baker, G. A., Quinn, J. P. and Sills, G. J. (2016) NRSF and BDNF polymorphisms as biomarkers of cognitive dysfunction in adults with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Epilepsy and Behavior, 54, pp. 117-127. (doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.11.013) (PMID:26708060) (PMCID:PMC4732989)

2015

Mirza, N. et al. (2015) Identifying the biological pathways underlying human focal epilepsy: from complexity to coherence to centrality. Human Molecular Genetics, 24(15), pp. 4306-4316. (doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddv163) (PMID:25941323)

Marson, A. G. and Sills, G. J. (2015) Valproate. In: Shorvon, S., Perucca, E. and Engel Jr., J. (eds.) The Treatment of Epilepsy. Wiley, pp. 652-666. ISBN 9781118937006 (doi: 10.1002/9781118936979.ch51)

Milburn-McNulty, P., Powell, G., Sills, G. J. and Marson, A. G. (2015) Sulthiame add-on therapy for epilepsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(10), CD009472. (doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009472.pub3) (PMID:26510094)

2014

Shazadi, K. et al. (2014) Validation of a multigenic model to predict seizure control in newly treated epilepsy. Epilepsy Research, 108(10), pp. 1797-1805. (doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.08.022)

Barker-Haliski, M., Sills, G. J. and White, H. S. (2014) What are the arguments for and against rational therapy for epilepsy? In: Scharfman, H. E. and Buckmaster, P. S. (eds.) Issues in Clinical Epileptology: A View from the Bench. Series: Advances in experimental medicine and biology (813). Springer: Dordrecht, pp. 295-308. ISBN 9789401789134 (doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-8914-1_24)

Bloch, K. M., Sills, G. J., Pirmohamed, M. and Alfirevic, A. (2014) Pharmacogenetics of antiepileptic drug-induced hypersensitivity. Pharmacogenomics, 15(6), pp. 857-868. (doi: 10.2217/PGS.14.65) (PMID:24897291)

Edye, M. E., Walker, L. E., Sills, G. J., Allan, S. M. and Brough, D. (2014) Epilepsy and the inflammasome: targeting inflammation as a novel therapeutic strategy for seizure disorders. Inflammasome, 1(1), pp. 36-43. (doi: 10.2478/infl-2014-0004)

Sensi, S. L., Tse, K., Puttachary, S., Beamer, E., Sills, G. J. and Thippeswamy, T. (2014) Advantages of repeated low dose against single high dose of kainate in C57BL/6J mouse model of status epilepticus: behavioral and electroencephalographic studies. PLoS ONE, 9(5), e96622. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096622) (PMID:24802808) (PMCID:PMC4011859)

Speed, D. et al. (2014) A genome-wide association study and biological pathway analysis of epilepsy prognosis in a prospective cohort of newly treated epilepsy. Human Molecular Genetics, 23(1), pp. 247-258. (doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddt403) (PMID:23962720) (PMCID:PMC3857947)

Thomas, R. H., Walsh, J., Church, C., Sills, G. J., Marson, A. G., Baker, G. A. and Rees, M. I. (2014) A comprehensive neuropsychological description of cognition in drug-refractory juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsy and Behavior, 36, pp. 124-129. (doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.04.027) (PMID:24938758)

2013

Brenner, T., Sills, G.J., Hart, Y., Howell, S., Waters, P., Brodie, M.J., Vincent, A. and Lang, B. (2013) Prevalence of neurologic autoantibodies in cohorts of patients with new and established epilepsy. Epilepsia, 54(6), pp. 1028-1035. (doi: 10.1111/epi.12127)

Milburn-McNulty, P., Powell, G., Sills, G. J. and Marson, A. G. (2013) Sulthiame add-on therapy for epilepsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013(3), CD009472. (doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009472.pub2) (PMID:23543577)

Sills, G. J. (2013) Classical mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs. In: Lerche, H. and Potschka, H. (eds.) Therapeutic Targets and Perspectives in the Pharmacological Treatment of Epilepsy. Series: UNI-MED science. UNI-MED: Bremen, pp. 62-65. ISBN 9781848152007

Wilcox, K. S. et al. (2013) Issues related to development of new antiseizure treatments. Epilepsia, 54, pp. 24-34. (doi: 10.1111/epi.12296) (PMID::23909851) (PMCID:PMC3947404)

2012

Beamer, E., Otahal, J., Sills, G. J. and Thippeswamy, T. (2012) N w-Propyl-l-arginine (L-NPA) reduces status epilepticus and early epileptogenic events in a mouse model of epilepsy: behavioural, EEG and immunohistochemical analyses. European Journal of Neuroscience, 36(9), pp. 3194-3203. (doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08234.x) (PMID:22943535)

Sills, G. J. (2012) Antiepileptic drug trials and their methodology. In: Alarcón, G. and Valentín, A. (eds.) Introduction to Epilepsy. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, pp. 367-373. ISBN 9781139103992 (doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139103992.070)

Walker, L. and Sills, G. J. (2012) Inflammation and epilepsy: the foundations for a new therapeutic approach in epilepsy? Epilepsy Currents, 12(1), pp. 8-12. (doi: 10.5698/1535-7511-12.1.8) (PMID:22368518) (PMCID:PMC3280476)

2011

Brodie, M. J., Covanis, A., Gil-Nagel, A., Lerche, H., Perucca, E., Sills, G. J. and White, H. S. (2011) Antiepileptic drug therapy: does mechanism of action matter? Epilepsy and Behavior, 21(4), pp. 331-341. (doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.05.025) (PMID:21763207)

Brodie, M. J. and Sills, G. J. (2011) Combining antiepileptic drugs—rational polytherapy? Seizure, 20(5), pp. 369-375. (doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2011.01.004) (PMID:21306922)

McCormack, M. et al. (2011) HLA-A*3101 and carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity reactions in Europeans. New England Journal of Medicine, 364(12), pp. 1134-1143. (doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1013297)

Sills, G. J. (2011) Interactions of antiepileptic drugs [Online Learning Module]. [Website]

Sills, G. J. (2011) Mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs. In: Rugg-Gunn, F.J., Sander, J.W. and Smalls, J.E. (eds.) Epilepsy 2011: From Sciences to Society. A Practical Guide to Epilepsy [13th Edition]. International League Against Epilepsy: Chalfont St Peter. ISBN 9780951955277

2010

Al Zweiri, M., Sills, G. J., Leach, J. P., Brodie, M. J., Robertson, C., Watson, D. G. and Parkinson, J. A. (2010) Response to drug treatment in newly diagnosed epilepsy: A pilot study of H-1 NMR- and MS-based metabonomic analysis. Epilepsy Research, 88(2-3), pp. 189-195. (doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.11.005)

Pirmohamed, M. and Sills, G. J. (2010) Special Issue: Personalized Medicine [Guest Editors]. Pharmaceuticals,

Sills, G. J. (2010) SV2A in epilepsy: the plot thickens. Epilepsy Currents, 10(2), pp. 47-49. (doi: 10.1111/j.1535-7511.2009.01351.x) (PMID:20231923) (PMCID:PMC2836477)

2009

Gonzalez, P., Sills, G.J., Parks, S.W., Kelly, K., Stephen, L.J., Keating, D., Dutton, G.N. and Brodie, M.J. (2009) Binasal visual field defects are not specific to vigabatrin. Epilepsy and Behavior, 16(3), pp. 521-526. (doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.09.003)

Cain, S.M., Ruest, T., Pimlott, S.L., Patterson, J., Duncan, R.D., Dewar, D. and Sills, G.J. (2009) High resolution micro-SPECT scanning in rats using I-125 beta-CIT: Effects of chronic treatment with carbamazepine. Epilepsia, 50(8), pp. 1962-1970. (doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02095.x)

Makmor-Bakry, M., Sills, G.J., Hitiris, N., Butler, E., Wilson, E.A. and Brodie, M.J. (2009) Genetic variants in microsomal epoxide hydrolase influence carbamazepine dosing. Clinical Neuropharmacology, 32(4), pp. 205-212.

Sills, G.J. (2009) Still Hungary - after all these years. Conference report on the 28th IEC meeting. Epilepsy Professional, 14, pp. 36-37.

Sills, G.J. and Brodie, M.J. (2009) Antiepileptic drugs | Clinical drug development in epilepsy. In: Schwartzkroin, P. A. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Basic Epilepsy Research. Elsevier: Amsterdam, pp. 1477-1485. ISBN 9780123739612 (doi: 10.1016/B978-012373961-2.00033-3)

Sills, G.J. and Brodie, M.J. (2009) Antiepileptic drugs | Preclinical drug development in epilepsy. In: Schwartzkroin, P. A. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Basic Epilepsy Research. Elsevier: Amsterdam, pp. 97-103. ISBN 9780123739612 (doi: 10.1016/B978-012373961-2.00032-1)

Sills, G. J. (2009) Antiepileptic drugs: mode of action and its association with clinical activity. Learning Disability and Epilepsy Review, 1, pp. 1-5.

Sills, G. J. (2009) Mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs. In: Sander, J.W., Rugg-Gunn, F.J. and Smalls, J.E. (eds.) Epilepsy 2009: From Benchside to Bedside. A Practical Guide to Epilepsy [12th Edition]. International League Against Epilepsy: Chalfont St Peter. ISBN 9780951955260

Sills, G. J. (2009) Novel therapeutic strategies for epilepsy—releasing the gene genie. Epilepsy Currents, 9(1), pp. 26-27. (doi: 10.1111/j.1535-7511.2008.01280.x) (PMID:19396346) (PMCID:PMC2668113)

Sills, G. J. (2009) Zonisamide. In: Enna, S.J. and Bylund, D. B. (eds.) xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference. Elsevier: Amsterdam. ISBN 9780080552323 (doi: 10.1016/B978-008055232-3.64408-3)

Sills, G. J. and Solomon, T. (2009) Breaching the barrier and inflaming epilepsy research. Epilepsy Currents, 9(5), pp. 148-150. (doi: 10.1111/j.1535-7511.2009.01324.x) (PMID:19826510) (PMCID:PMC2759050)

Szoeke, C. et al. (2009) Multidrug-resistant genotype (ABCB1) and seizure recurrence in newly treated epilepsy: data from international pharmacogenetic cohorts. Epilepsia, 50(7), pp. 1689-1696. (doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02059.x) (PMID:19453704)

2008

Alzweiri, M., Watson, D. G., Robertson, C., Sills, G. J. and Parkinson, J. A. (2008) Comparison of different water-miscible solvents for the preparation of plasma and urine samples in metabolic profiling studies. Talanta, 74(4), pp. 1060-1065. (doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.07.037) (PMID:18371750)

Sills, G.J. (2008) Molecular targets of antiepileptic drugs. In: Kahane, P., Berg, A., Löscher, W., Nordli, D. and Perucca, E. (eds.) Drug-resistant Epilepsies. Series: Progress in epileptic disorders. John Libbey Eurotext: Montrouge, pp. 85-107. ISBN 9782742007134

Sills, G. J. (2008) Antiepileptic drug transport—of mice and men. Epilepsy Currents, 8(2), pp. 48-50. (doi: 10.1111/j.1535-7511.2008.00234.x) (PMID:18330469) (PMCID:PMC2265805)

2007

Stephen, L. J., Sills, G. J., Leach, J. P., Butler, E., Parker, P., Hitiris, N., Leach, V. M., Wilson, E. A. and Brodie, M. J. (2007) Sodium valproate versus lamotrigine: a randomised comparison of efficacy, tolerability and effects on circulating androgenic hormones in newly diagnosed epilepsy. Epilepsy Research, 75(2-3), pp. 122-129. (doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2007.04.009) (PMID:17553671)

Hitiris, N., Mohanraj, R., Norrie, J., Sills, G. J. and Brodie, M. J. (2007) Predictors of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Epilepsy Research, 75(2-3), pp. 192-196. (doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2007.06.003) (PMID:17628429)

Hitiris, N., Suratman, S., Kelly, K., Stephen, L. J., Sills, G. J. and Brodie, M. J. (2007) Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a search for risk factors. Epilepsy and Behavior, 10(1), pp. 138-141. (doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.11.010) (PMID:17196884)

Löscher, W. and Sills, G. J. (2007) Drug resistance in epilepsy: why is a simple explanation not enough? Epilepsia, 48(12), pp. 2370-2372. (doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01260_2.x) (PMID:18088269)

Sills, G.J. (2007) New antiepileptic drugs in the pipeline. Epilepsy Professional, 6, pp. 18-20.

Sills, G. J. (2007) Means, motive, and opportunity: establishing culpability in pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Epilepsy Currents, 7(2), pp. 51-53. (doi: 10.1111/j.1535-7511.2007.00166.x) (PMID:17505553) (PMCID:PMC1867085)

Sills, G. J. (2007) Seizures beget seizures: a lack of experimental evidence and clinical relevance fails to dampen enthusiasm. Epilepsy Currents, 7(4), pp. 103-104. (doi: 10.1111/j.1535-7511.2007.00189.x) (PMID:17694168) (PMCID:PMC1941905)

Sills, G. J. and Brodie, M. J. (2007) Pharmacokinetics and drug interactions with xonisamide. Epilepsia, 48(3), pp. 435-441. (doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.00983.x) (PMID:17319920)

2006

Sills, G. J. (2006) Excitable but lacking in energy: contradictions in the human epileptic hippocampus. Epilepsy Currents, 6(1), pp. 6-7. (doi: 10.1111/j.1535-7511.2005.00078.x) (PMID:16477314) (PMCID:PMC1363369)

Sills, G. J. (2006) The mechanisms of action of gabapentin and pregabalin. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 6(1), pp. 108-113. (doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2005.11.003) (PMID:16376147)

Sills, G. J. (2006) The multidrug transporter hypothesis of refractory epilepsy: corroboration and contradiction in equal measure. Epilepsy Currents, 6(2), pp. 51-54. (doi: 10.1111/j.1535-7511.2006.00092.x) (PMID:16604202) (PMCID:PMC1408285)

Sills, G. J. and Brodie, M. J. (2006) Response: Lack of association between the C3435T polymorphism in the human multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene and response to antiepileptic drug treatment. Epilepsia, 47(2), p. 450. (doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00444_2.x)

2005

Sills, G. J. (2005) Not another gabapentin mechanism! Epilepsy Currents, 5(2), pp. 75-77. (doi: 10.1111/j.1535-7597.2005.05210.x) (PMID:16059442) (PMCID:PMC1176314)

Sills, G. J. (2005) Pharmacogenetics of epilepsy: one step forward? Epilepsy Currents, 5(6), pp. 236-238. (doi: 10.1111/j.1535-7511.2005.00074.x) (PMID:16372060) (PMCID:PMC1312742)

Sills, G. J., Mohanraj, R., Butler, E., McCrindle, S., Collier, L., Wilson, E. A. and Brodie, M. J. (2005) Lack of association between the C3435T polymorphism in the human multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene and response to antiepileptic drug treatment. Epilepsia, 46(5), pp. 643-647. (doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.46304.x) (PMID:15857428)

2004

Sills, G.J. (2004) Multiple modes of action of antiepileptic drugs. Primary Care in the NHS, pp. 82-87.

Sills, G. (2004) Antiepileptic drugs as neuroprotective agents. International Journal of Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, 1, pp. 13-20.

Sills, G. J. (2004) Changing channels: mechanisms and responsiveness to antiepileptic drugs in chronic epilepsy. Epilepsy Currents, 4(3), pp. 98-99. (doi: 10.1111/j.1535-7597.2004.43005.x) (PMID:16059462) (PMCID:PMC1176334)

Sills, G. J. (2004) Multi-drug resistance in epilepsy. MIMS Advances in Epilepsy, pp. 10-12.

Sills, G. J., Butler, E., Thompson, G. G. and Brodie, M. J. (2004) Pharmacodynamic interaction studies with topiramate in the pentylenetetrazol and maximal electroshock seizure models. Seizure, 13(5), pp. 287-295. (doi: 10.1016/S1059-1311(03)00185-7) (PMID:15158698)

2003

Sills, G. J. (2003) Pre-clinical studies with the GABAergic compounds vigabatrin and tiagabine. Epileptic Disorders, 5(1), pp. 51-56.

Deckers, C.L.P., Genton, P., Sills, G.J. and Schmidt, D. (2003) Current limitations of antiepileptic drug therapy: a conference review. Epilepsy Research, 53(1-2), pp. 1-17. (doi: 10.1016/S0920-1211(02)00257-7) (PMID:12576163)

Kwan, P., Sills, G. J., Butler, E., Gant, T. W. and Brodie, M. J. (2003) Differential expression of multidrug resistance genes in naïve rat brain. Neuroscience Letters, 339(1), pp. 33-6. (PMID:12618294)

McDonagh, J., Stephen, L.J., Dolan, F.M., Parks, S., Dutton, G.N., Kelly, K., Keating, D., Sills, G.J. and Brodie, M.J. (2003) Peripheral retinal dysfunction in patients taking vigabatrin. Neurology, 61(12), pp. 1690-1694. (doi: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000098938.80082.25) (PMID:14694031)

Sills, G. J., Butler, E., Forrest, G., Ratnaraj, N., Patsalos, P. N. and Brodie, M. J. (2003) Vigabatrin, but not gabapentin or topiramate, produces concentration-related effects on enzymes and intermediates of the GABA shunt in Rat brain and retina. Epilepsia, 44(7), pp. 886-892. (doi: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.04203.x) (PMID:12823570)

2002

Kelly, K., Stephen, L. J., Sills, G. J. and Brodie, M. J. (2002) Topiramate in patients with learning disability and refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia, 43(4), pp. 399-402. (doi: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.47401.x) (PMID:11952770)

Kwan, P., Sills, G. J., Butler, E., Gant, T. W., Meldrum, B. S. and Brodie, M. J. (2002) Regional expression of multidrug resistance genes in genetically epilepsy-prone rat brain after a single audiogenic seizure. Epilepsia, 43(11), pp. 1318-1323. (doi: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.156702.x) (PMID:12423380)

Santangeli, S., Sills, G.J., Stone, T.W. and Brodie, M. (2002) Differential effects of remacemide and desglycinyl-remacemide on epileptiform burst firing in the rat hippocampal slice. Neuroscience Letters, 321, pp. 33-36.

Santangeli, S., Sills, G. J., Thompson, G. G. and Brodie, M. J. (2002) Na+ channel effects of remacemide and desglycinyl-remacemide in rat cortical synaptosomes. European Journal of Pharmacology, 438(1-2), pp. 63-68. (doi: 10.1016/S0014-2999(02)01297-9) (PMID:11906711)

Sills, G. J., Kwan, P., Butler, E., de Lange, E. C.M., van den Berg, D.-J. and Brodie, M. J. (2002) P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of antiepileptic drugs: preliminary studies in mdr1a knockout mice. Epilepsy and Behavior, 3(5), pp. 427-432. (doi: 10.1016/S1525-5050(02)00511-5) (PMID:12609264)

Sills, G. J., Santangeli, S., Forrest, G. and Brodie, M. J. (2002) Influence of cytochrome P450 induction on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remacemide hydrochloride. Epilepsy Research, 49(3), pp. 247-254. (doi: 10.1016/S0920-1211(02)00049-9) (PMID:12076846)

2001

Sills, G.J. and Brodie, M.J. (2001) Update on the mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs. Epileptic Disorders, 3(4), pp. 165-172. (PMID:11844711)

Kwan, P., Sills, G. J. and Brodie, M. J. (2001) The mechanisms of action of commonly used antiepileptic drugs. Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 90(1), pp. 21-34. (doi: 10.1016/S0163-7258(01)00122-X) (PMID:11448723)

Sills, G.J., Patsalos, P.N., Butler, E., Forrest, G., Ratnaraj, N. and Brodie, M.J. (2001) Visual field constriction: accumulation of vigabatrin but not tiagabine in the retina. Neurology, 57(2), pp. 196-200. (doi: 10.1212/WNL.57.2.196) (PMID:11468302)

2000

Sills, G. J., Leach, J. P. P., Kilpatrick, W. S., Fraser, C. M., Thompson, G. G. and Brodie, M. J. (2000) Concentration-effect studies with topiramate on selected enzymes and intermediates of the GABA shunt. Epilepsia, 41(s1), pp. 30-34. (doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb02168.x) (PMID:10768297)

Kwan, P., Sills, G. J., Kelly, K., Butler, E. and Brodie, M. J. (2000) Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies in controlled and uncontrolled epilepsy: a pilot study. Epilepsy Research, 42(2-3), pp. 191-195. (doi: 10.1016/S0920-1211(00)00180-7) (PMID:11074191)

Santangeli, S., McNeill, C., Sills, G. J. and Brodie, M. J. (2000) Simultaneous determination of remacemide hydrochloride and desglycinylremacemide (AR-R12495XX) in brain tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 746(2), pp. 325-329. (doi: 10.1016/S0378-4347(00)00329-7) (PMID:11076087)

Sills, G. J., Rundfeldt, C., Butler, E., Forrest, G., Thompson, G. G. and Brodie, M. J. (2000) A neurochemical study of the novel antiepileptic drug retigabine in mouse brain. Pharmacological Research, 42(6), pp. 553-557. (doi: 10.1006/phrs.2000.0738) (PMID:11058408)

Stephen, L. J., Sills, G. J. and Brodie, M. J. (2000) Topiramate in refractory epilepsy: a prospective observational study. Epilepsia, 41(8), pp. 977-980. (doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00282.x) (PMID:10961624)

1999

Fraser, C.M., Sills, G.J., Butler, E., Thompson, G.G., Lindsay, K., Duncan, R., Howatson, A. and Brodie, M.J. (1999) Effects of valproate, vigabatrin and tiagabine on GABA uptake into human astrocytes cultured from foetal and adult brain tissue. Epileptic Disorders, 1(3), pp. 153-157. (PMID:10937147)

Fraser, C. M., Sills, G. J., Forrest, G., Thompson, G. G. and Brodie, M. J. (1999) Effects of anti-epileptic drugs on glutamine synthetase activity in mouse brain. British Journal of Pharmacology, 126(7), pp. 1634-1638. (doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702472) (PMID:10323596) (PMCID:PMC1565942)

Fraser, C. M., Sills, G. J., Forrest, G., Thompson, G. G. and Brodie, M. J. (1999) Neurochemical studies with the anticonvulsant felbamate in mouse brain. Pharmacological Research, 40(3), pp. 257-261. (doi: 10.1006/phrs.1999.0511) (PMID:10479470)

Sills, G. J., Butler, E., Thompson, G. G. and Brodie, M. J. (1999) Vigabatrin and tiagabine are pharmacologically different drugs. A pre-clinical study. Seizure, 8(7), pp. 404-411. (doi: 10.1053/seiz.1999.0326) (PMID:10600581)

Stephen, L.J., McLellan, A.R., Harrison, J.H., Shapiro, D., Dominiczak, M.H., Sills, G.J. and Brodie, M.J. (1999) Bone density and antiepileptic drugs: a case-controlled study. Seizure, 8(6), pp. 339-342. (doi: 10.1053/seiz.1999.0301) (PMID:10512774)

1998

Read, C. L., Stephen, L. J., Stolarek, I. H., Paul, A., Sills, G. J. and Brodie, M. J. (1998) Cognitive effects of anticonvulsant monotherapy in elderly patients: a placebo-controlled study. Seizure, 7(2), pp. 159-162. (doi: 10.1016/S1059-1311(98)80073-3) (PMID:9627208)

Stephen, L. J., Sills, G. J. and Brodie, M. J. (1998) Lamotrigine and topiramate may be a useful combination. Lancet, 351(9107), pp. 958-959. (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)60613-7) (PMID:9734949)

Wilson, E. A., Sills, G. J., Forrest, G. and Brodie, M. J. (1998) High dose gabapentin in refractory partial epilepsy: clinical observations in 50 patients. Epilepsy Research, 29(2), pp. 161-166. (doi: 10.1016/S0920-1211(97)00078-8) (PMID:9477149)

1997

Leach, J. P., Sills, G. J., Butler, E., Forrest, G., Thompson, G. G. and Brodie, M. J. (1997) Neurochemical actions of gabapentin in mouse brain. Epilepsy Research, 27(3), pp. 175-180. (doi: 10.1016/S0920-1211(97)01034-6) (PMID:9237051)

Sills, G. J., Leach, J. P., Fraser, C. M., Forrest, G., Patsalos, P. N. and Brodie, M. J. (1997) Neurochemical studies with the novel anticonvulsant levetiracetam in mouse brain. European Journal of Pharmacology, 325(1), pp. 35-40. (doi: 10.1016/S0014-2999(97)00105-2) (PMID:9151936)

Leach, J. P., Sills, G. J., Butler, E., Forrest, G., Thompson, G. G. and Brodie, M. J. (1997) Neurochemical actions of the desglycinyl metabolite of remacemide hydrochloride (ARL 12495AA) in mouse brain. British Journal of Pharmacology, 121(5), pp. 923-926. (doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701219) (PMID:9222548) (PMCID:PMC1564774)

1996

Leach, J. P., Sills, G. J., Majid, A., Butler, E., Carswell, A., Thompson, G. G. and Brodie, M. J. (1996) Effects of tiagabine and vigabatrin on GABA uptake into primary cultures of rat cortical astrocytes. Seizure, 5(3), pp. 229-234. (doi: 10.1016/S1059-1311(96)80041-0) (PMID:8902926)

Forrest, G., Sills, G. J., Leach, J. P. and Brodie, M. J. (1996) Determination of gabapentin in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography B, 681(2), pp. 421-425. (doi: 10.1016/0378-4347(96)00074-6) (PMID:8811458)

1995

Hannah, J. A., Sills, G. J. and Brodie, M. J. (1995) Established and new antiepileptic drugs: an overview. In: Aldenkamp, A. P., Dreifuss, F. E., Reiner, W. O. and Suurmeijer, T. P.B.M. (eds.) Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents. CRC Press: Boca Raton, pp. 101-129. ISBN 0849376599

1994

Sills, G.J., Carswell, A. and Brodie, M.J. (1994) Dose-response relationships with nimodipine against electroshock seizures in mice. Epilepsia, 35(2), pp. 437-442. (doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02457.x) (PMID:8156970)

1992

Connick, J.H., Heywood, G.C., Sills, G.J., Thompson, G.G., Brodie, M.J. and Stone, T.W. (1992) Nicotinylalanine increases cerebral kynurenic acid content and has anticonvulsant activity. General Pharmacology: The Vascular System, 23(2), pp. 235-239. (doi: 10.1016/0306-3623(92)90017-E) (PMID:1639238)

This list was generated on Fri Apr 19 06:06:42 2024 BST.

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