Smart Systems

Zhen, T., Zhao, D., Lin, Z., Zhao, W., Flynn, D., Tian, D., Sun, Y. (2025) Balanced exploration and attention-inspired decision making for autonomous driving. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,

Mitchell, D., Gu, Y., Blanche, J., Harper, S., Archibald, B., Sevegnani, M., Flynn, D. (2025) A cyber physical architecture for symbiotic multi-robot fleet management. Springer

Sawilam, M., Kizilkaya, B., Taha, A., Flynn, D., Imran, M. A., Ansari, S. (2025) Impact of virtual power plants on grid stability and renewable energy integration in smart cities Using IoT. Energy Reports, 13, pp. 3312-3323. (doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2025.02.048)

Sawilam, M., Kizilkaya, B., Flynn, D., Taha, A., Imran, M. A., Ansari, S. (2025) A Secure and Scalable Architecture for Virtual Power Plants Inspired by VPN Principles.

Khan, A. R., Al-Quraan, M., Mohjazi, L., Flynn, D., Imran, M. A., Zoha, A. (2025) Similarity-driven truncated aggregation framework for privacy-preserving short term load forecasting. Internet of Things, 31, (doi: 10.1016/j.iot.2025.101530)

Lin, Z., Lan, J., Anagnostopoulos, C., Tian, Z., Flynn, D. (2025) Multi-Agent Monte Carlo Tree Search for Safe Decision Making at Unsignalized Intersections.

Ding, S., Flynn, D., Harvey, P. (2025) Automatic Generation of Digital Twins for Network Testing.

You, H., Lou, C., Yang, J., Flynn, D. (2025) Deep Learning based Real-Time Approach for Optimal Power Flow in Unbalanced Distribution Systems with High-Level EV Penetration.

Collington, K., Flynn, D., Pezaros, D., Gale, M., Deacon, A. (2025) Securing Critical National Infrastructure. ITNOW, 67, pp. 6-8. (doi: 10.1093/itnow/bwaf002)

Qi, Y., You, H., Yu, J., Flynn, D., Yang, J. (2025) A New Model of Energy Hubs and Multiobjective Optimisation for Future Netzero Distribution Networks.

An, Y., Mitchell, D., Lathrop, J., Flynn, D., Chung, S.-J. (2025) Motor Imagery Teleoperation of a Mobile Robot Using a Low-Cost Brain-Computer Interface for Multi-Day Validation. (doi: 10.1109/Telepresence63209.2024.10841769)

Tang, W., Yan, S., Shawky, M. A., Couraud, B., Imran, M. A., Flynn, D., Taha, A. (2025) Digitalising Social Housing via Cyber-Physical Systems and AI for Comfort, Health, and Transition to Net-Zero: A Holistic Overview.

Mitchell, D., Harper, S., Nandakumar, S., Blanche, J., Lim, T., Imran, M., Taha, A., Flynn, D. (2025) Resilient Autonomy: A Digital Architecture for Symbiotic Multi-Robot Fleet Management.

Biakhmetov, B., Li, Y., Zhao, Q., Dostiyarov, A., Flynn, D., You, S. (2025) Transportation and process modelling-assisted techno-economic assessment of resource recovery from non-recycled municipal plastic waste. Energy Conversion and Management, 324, (doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119273)

Manzoor, H. U., Hussain, S., Flynn, D., Zoha, A. (2024) Centralised vs. decentralised federated load forecasting in smart buildings: who holds the key to adversarial attack robustness? Energy and Buildings, 324, (doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114871)

Nawaz, M. W., Zhang, W., Flynn, D., Zhang, L., Swash, R., Abbasi, Q. H., Imran, M. A., Popoola, O. (2024) 6G edge-networks and multi-UAV knowledge fusion for urban autonomous vehicles. Physical Communication, 67, (doi: 10.1016/j.phycom.2024.102479)

Alipour Bonab, S., Waite, T., Song, W., Flynn, D., Yazdani-Asrami, M. (2024) Machine learning-powered performance monitoring of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers for enhancing green hydrogen production as a sustainable fuel for aviation industry. Energy Reports, 12, pp. 2270-2282. (doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2024.08.028)

Manzoor, H. U., Shabbir, A., Chen, A., Flynn, D., Zoha, A. (2024) A survey of security strategies in federated learning: defending models, data, and privacy. Future Internet, 16, (doi: 10.3390/fi16100374)

Biakhmetov, B., Li, Y., Zhao, Q., Ok, Y. S., Dostiyarov, A., Park, Y.-K., Flynn, D., You, S. (2024) Comparing carbon-saving potential of the pyrolysis of non-recycled municipal plastic waste: Influences of system scales and end products. Journal of Cleaner Production, 469, (doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143140)

Baniqued, P. D. E., Bremner, P., Sandison, M., Harper, S., Agrawal, S., Bolarinwa, J., Blanche, J., Jiang, Z., Johnson, T., Mitchell, D., Jose Lopez Pulgarin, E., West, A., Willis, M., Yao, K., Flynn, D., Giuliani, M., Groves, K., Lennox, B., Watson, S. (2024) Multimodal immersive digital twin platform for cyber–physical robot fleets in nuclear environments. Journal of Field Robotics, 41, pp. 1521-1540. (doi: 10.1002/rob.22329)

Tian, Z., Zhao, D., Lin, Z., Zhao, W., Flynn, D., Jiang, Y., Tian, D., Zhang, Y., Sun, Y. (2024) Efficient and balanced exploration-driven decision making for autonomous racing using local information. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, (doi: 10.1109/TIV.2024.3432713)

Yan, S., Imran, M. A., Flynn, D., Taha, A. (2024) Architecting Internet-of-Things-Enabled Digital Twins: An Evaluation Framework.

Zhen, T., Zhao, D., Lin, Z., Flynn, D., Zhao, W., Tian, D. (2024) Balanced Reward-inspired Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Vehicle Racing.

Shawky, M. A., Shah, S. T., Abdrabou, M., Usman, M., Abbasi, Q. H., Flynn, D., Imran, M. A., Ansari, S., Taha, A. (2024) How secure are our roads? An in-depth review of authentication in vehicular communications. Vehicular Communications, 47, (doi: 10.1016/j.vehcom.2024.100784)

Ali, S., Bogarra, S., Riaz, M. N., Phyo, P. P., Flynn, D., Taha, A. (2024) From time-series to hybrid models: advancements in short-term load forecasting embracing smart grid paradigm. Applied Sciences, 14, (doi: 10.3390/app14114442)

Blanche, J., Mitchell, D., Shang, J., Flynn, D., Pavuluri, S., Desmulliez, M. (2024) Dynamic analysis of geomaterials using microwave sensing. Scientific Reports, 14, (doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-57653-3)

Huang, H., Poor, H. V., Flynn, D., Al-Muhaini, M. (2024) Understanding a Power Grid’s Cyber-Physical Interdependence Through Higher-order Motifs. (doi: 10.1109/isgt59692.2024.10454228)

Chirayil Nandakumar, S., Mitchell, D., Erden, M. S., Flynn, D., Lim, T. (2024) Anomaly detection methods in autonomous robotic missions. Sensors, 24, (doi: 10.3390/s24041330)

Frusque, G., Mitchell, D., Blanche, J., Flynn, D., Fink, O. (2024) Non-contact sensing for anomaly detection in wind turbine blades: a focus-SVDD with complex-valued auto-encoder approach. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 208, (doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2023.111022)

Alexandre Pontes Pizzino, C., Romankevicius Costa, R., Mitchell, D., Amâncio Vargas, P. (2024) NeoSLAM: long-term SLAM using computational models of the brain. Sensors, 24, (doi: 10.3390/s24041143)

Zhang, Y., Robu, V., Cremers, S., Norbu, S., Couraud, B., Andoni, M., Flynn, D., Poor, H. V. (2024) Modelling the formation of peer-to-peer trading coalitions and prosumer participation incentives in transactive energy communities. Applied Energy, 355, (doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122173)

Couraud, B., Barre, P.-J., Pennucci, R., Rozier, Y., Andoni, M., Norbu, S., Franquet, E., Flynn, D. (2024) Collecting French Smart Meter Data for Residential Flexibility. (doi: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE56780.2023.10408704)

Zhao, X., Gerasimou, S., Calinescu, R., Imrie, C., Robu, V., Flynn, D. (2024) Bayesian learning for the robust verification of autonomous robots. Communications Engineering, 3, (doi: 10.1038/s44172-024-00162-y)

Milne, G., Flynn, D., Wessels, B. (2024) Equity in a sustainable energy transition: the importance of people and place. Briefing Report. (doi: 10.36399/gla.pubs.317258)

Mitchell, D. et al. (2023) Lessons learned: symbiotic autonomous robot ecosystem for nuclear environments. IET Cyber-Systems and Robotics, 5, (doi: 10.1049/csy2.12103)

Tang, W., Brown, K., Mitchell, D., Blanche, J., Flynn, D. (2023) Subsea power cable health management using machine learning analysis of low frequency wide band sonar data. Energies, 16, (doi: 10.3390/en16176172)

Couraud, B., Andoni, M., Robu, V., Norbu, S., Chen, S., Flynn, D. (2023) Responsive FLEXibility: a smart local energy system. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 182, (doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113343)

Harper, S. T., Mitchell, D., Nandakumar, S. C., Blanche, J., Lim, T., Flynn, D. (2023) Addressing Non-Intervention Challenges via Resilient Robotics Utilizing a Digital Twin. (doi: 10.1109/COINS57856.2023.10189310)

Mitchell, D., Blanche, J., Harper, S., Lim, T., Flynn, D. (2023) Microwave Foresight Sensing for Safety Compliance in Autonomous Operations. (doi: 10.1109/COINS57856.2023.10189296)

Blanche, J., Mitchell, D., West, A., Harper, S., Groves, K., Lennox, B., Watson, S., Flynn, D. (2023) Microwave Sensing for Avoidance of High-Risk Ground Conditions for Mobile Robots. (doi: 10.1109/COINS57856.2023.10189266)

Schwidtal, J.M., Piccini, P., Troncia, M., Chitchyan, R., Montakhabi, M., Francis, C., Gorbatcheva, A., Capper, T., Mustafa, M.A., Andoni, M., Robu, V., Bahloul, M., Scott, I.J., Mbavarira, T., España, J.M., Kiesling, L. (2023) Emerging business models in local energy markets: a systematic review of peer-to-peer, community self-consumption, and transactive energy models. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 179, (doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113273)

Shawky, M. A., Usman, M., Flynn, D., Imran, M. A., Abbasi, Q. H., Ansari, S., Taha, A. (2023) Blockchain-based secret key extraction for efficient and secure authentication in VANETs. Journal of Information Security and Applications, 74, (doi: 10.1016/j.jisa.2023.103476)

Manzoor, H. U., Khan, A. R., Flynn, D., Alam, M. M., Akram, M., Imran, M. A., Zoha, A. (2023) FedBranched: Leveraging federated learning for anomaly-aware load forecasting in energy networks. Sensors, 23, (doi: 10.3390/s23073570)

de Bekker, P., Cremers, S., Norbu, S., Flynn, D., Robu, V. (2023) Improving the efficiency of renewable energy assets by optimizing the matching of supply and demand using a smart battery scheduling algorithm. Energies, 16, (doi: 10.3390/en16052425)

Cremers, S., Robu, V., Zhang, P., Andoni, M., Norbu, S., Flynn, D. (2023) Efficient methods for approximating the Shapley value for asset sharing in energy communities. Applied Energy, 331, (doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120328)

Tang, W., Blanche, J., Mitchell, D., Harper, S., Flynn, D. (2023) Characterisation of composite materials for wind turbines using frequency modulated continuous wave sensing. Journal of Composites Science, 7, (doi: 10.3390/jcs7020075)

Antony, J., Sony, M., McDermott, O., Jayaraman, R., Flynn, D. (2023) An exploration of organizational readiness factors for Quality 4.0: an intercontinental study and future research directions. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 40, pp. 582-606. (doi: 10.1108/IJQRM-10-2021-0357)

Gharavi, H., Yew, W. K., Flynn, D. (2023) Smart local energy systems: optimal planning of stand-alone hybrid green power systems for on-line charging of electric vehicles. IEEE Access, 11, pp. 7398-7409. (doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3237326)

Manzoor, H. U., Khan, M. S., Khan, A. R., Ayaz, F., Flynn, D., Imran, M. A., Zoha, A. (2022) FedClamp: an Algorithm for Identification of Anomalous Client in Federated Learning. (doi: 10.1109/ICECS202256217.2022.9970909)

Mitchell, D., Blanche, J., Desmulliez, M., Pavuluri, S., Flynn, D. (2022) Ground Based Inspection for Overhead Transmission Line Sag. (doi: 10.1109/icecs202256217.2022.9971028)

Odo, A., McKenna, S., Flynn, D., Vorstius, J. (2022) Identifying Paintwork Deterioration for Image-based Monitoring of Distribution Towers. (doi: 10.1109/pesgm48719.2022.9916591)

Andoni, M., Norbu, S., Couraud, B., Flynn, D., Chen, S., Robu, V. (2022) Decentralized Energy White Paper: Adaptive Local Energy Communities. (doi: 10.36399/gla.pubs.278207)

Andoni, M., Norbu, S., Couraud, B., Flynn, D., Chen, S., Robu, V. (2022) Democratising Energy: Placing citizens and communities at the heart of the energy revolution. (doi: 10.36399/gla.pubs.278206)

Lui, J., Sloan, W., Paul, M. C., Flynn, D., You, S. (2022) Life cycle assessment of waste-to-hydrogen systems for fuel cell electric buses in Glasgow, Scotland. Bioresource Technology, 359, (doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127464)

Capper, T., Gorbatcheva, A., Mustafa, M. A., Bahloul, M., Schwidtal, J. M., Chitchyan, R., Andoni, M., Robu, V., Montakhabi, M., Scott, I. J., Francis, C., Mbavarira, T., Espana, J. M., Kiesling, L. (2022) Peer-to-peer, community self-consumption, and transactive energy: A systematic literature review of local energy market models. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 162, (doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112403)

Dong, S., Cao, J., Flynn, D., Fan, Z. (2022) Cybersecurity in smart local energy systems: requirements, challenges, and standards. Energy Informatics, 5, (doi: 10.1186/s42162-022-00195-7)

Haugen, M. J., Flynn, D., Greening, P., Tichler, J., Blythe, P., Boies, A. M. (2022) Electrification versus hydrogen for UK road freight: conclusions from a systems analysis of transport energy transitions. Energy for Sustainable Development, 68, pp. 203-210. (doi: 10.1016/j.esd.2022.03.011)

Kirli, D., Couraud, B., Robu, V., Salgado-Bravo, M., Norbu, S., Andoni, M., Antonopoulos, I., Negrete-Pincetic, M., Flynn, D., Kiprakis, A. (2022) Smart contracts in energy systems: A systematic review of fundamental approaches and implementations. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 158, (doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.112013)

Mitchell, D., Blanche, J., Harper, S., Lim, T., Gupta, R., Zaki, O., Tang, W., Robu, V., Watson, S., Flynn, D. (2022) A review: Challenges and opportunities for artificial intelligence and robotics in the offshore wind sector. Energy and AI, 8, (doi: 10.1016/j.egyai.2022.100146)

Kirschbaum, L., Robu, V., Swingler, J., Flynn, D. (2022) Prognostics for electromagnetic relays using deep learning. IEEE Access, 10, pp. 4861-4895. (doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3140645)

Couraud, B., Robu, V., Flynn, D., Andoni, M., Norbu, S., Quinard, H. (2022) Real-time control of distributed batteries with blockchain-enabled market export commitments. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 13, pp. 579-591. (doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2021.3121444)

Gupta, R., Mallikarjuna, D., Baines, L., Flynn, D., Bucknall, D. (2022) Quantification of wear in glass reinforced epoxy resin composites using surface profilometry and assessing effect of surfacing film involvement. Materials Today: Proceedings, 57, pp. 930-935. (doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.061)

Mitchell, D., Blanche, J., Zaki, O., Roe, J., Kong, L., Harper, S., Robu, V., Lim, T., Flynn, D. (2021) Symbiotic System of Systems design for safe and resilient autonomous robotics in offshore wind farms. IEEE Access, 9, pp. 141421-141452. (doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3117727)

Norbu, S., Couraud, B., Robu, V., Andoni, M., Flynn, D. (2021) Modeling economic sharing of joint assets in community energy projects under LV network constraints. IEEE Access, 9, pp. 112019-112042. (doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3103480)

Roman, D., Saxena, S., Robu, V., Pecht, M., Flynn, D. (2021) Machine learning pipeline for battery state-of-health estimation. Nature Machine Intelligence, 3, pp. 447-456. (doi: 10.1038/s42256-021-00312-3)

Norbu, S., Couraud, B., Robu, V., Andoni, M., Flynn, D. (2021) Modelling the redistribution of benefits from joint investments in community energy projects. Applied Energy, 287, (doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116575)

Andoni, M., Robu, V., Couraud, B., Fruh, W.-G., Norbu, S., Flynn, D. (2021) Analysis of strategic renewable energy, grid and storage capacity investments via Stackelberg-Cournot modelling. IEEE Access, 9, pp. 37752-37771. (doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3062981)

Couraud, B., Norbu, S., Andoni, M., Robu, V., Gharavi, H., Flynn, D. (2020) Optimal Residential Battery Scheduling with Asset Lifespan Consideration. (doi: 10.1109/ISGT-Europe47291.2020.9248889)

Pumphrey, K., Walker, S. L., Andoni, M., Robu, V. (2020) Green hope or red herring? Examining consumer perceptions of peer-to-peer energy trading in the United Kingdom. Energy Research and Social Science, 68, (doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101603)

Andoni, M., Robu, V., Früh, W.-G., Flynn, D. (2020) Strategic Decision-making for Power Network Investments with Distributed Renewable Generation.

Hany Elgamal, A., Kocher-Oberlehner, G., Robu, V., Andoni, M. (2019) Optimization of a multiple-scale renewable energy-based virtual power plant in the UK. Applied Energy, 256, (doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113973)

McCallum, P., Jenkins, D. P., Peacock, A. D., Patidar, S., Andoni, M., Flynn, D., Robu, V. (2019) A multi-sectoral approach to modelling community energy demand of the built environment. Energy Policy, 132, pp. 865-875. (doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.06.041)

Andoni, M., Robu, V., Flynn, D., Abram, S., Geach, D., Jenkins, D., McCallum, P., Peacock, A. (2019) Blockchain technology in the energy sector: a systematic review of challenges and opportunities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 100, pp. 143-174. (doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.10.014)

Andoni, M., Robu, V., Flynn, D., Friüh, W.-G. (2018) Gibbs Sampling for Game-Theoretic Modeling of Private Network Upgrades with Distributed Generation. (doi: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571545)

Tang, W., Andoni, M., Robu, V., Flynn, D. (2018) Accurately Forecasting the Health of Energy System Assets. (doi: 10.1109/ISCAS.2018.8351842)

McCallum, P., Patidar, S., Jenkins, D., Peacock, A., Robu, V., Andoni, M., Flynn, D. (2018) The Use of Demand Modelling for Community Energy Analysis. (doi: 10.1109/ISCAS.2018.8351797)

Andoni, M., Tang, W., Robu, V., Flynn, D. (2017) Data Analysis of Battery Storage Systems. (doi: 10.1049/oap-cired.2017.0657)

Andoni, M., Robu, V., Früh, W.-G., Flynn, D. (2017) Game-theoretic modeling of curtailment rules and network investments with distributed generation. Applied Energy, 201, pp. 174-187. (doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.035)

Andoni, M., Robu, V., Flynn, D. (2017) Blockchains: Crypto-control your own energy supply. Nature, 548, pp. 158-158. (doi: 10.1038/548158b)

Andoni, M., Robu, V. (2016) Using Stackelberg Games to Model Electric Power Grid Investments in Renewable Energy Settings. Springer

Andoni, M., Robu, V. (2016) Game-Theoretic Modeling of Transmission Line Reinforcements with Distributed Generation.

Andoni, M., Robu, V., Fruh, W.-G. (2016) Game-Theoretic Modeling of Curtailment Rules and Their Effect on Transmission Line Investments. (doi: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2016.7856339)