Prof Maggie Cusack

- Head of School (School of Geographical and Earth Sciences)
telephone: 01413305491/4224
email: Maggie.Cusack@glasgow.ac.uk
From 1 Aug 2011 Office:- East Quad 317; Gregory Building 512
My central research focus is on biominerals – such as shells, bones and corals. The ultimate aim of my research is to understand biological control in the context of mineral formation. This understanding contributes to three main research areas:
- Nature produces biominerals that are light and strong functional structures. There is, therefore, a drive to mimic and improve on biology’s approach and this requires that we understand the biological control of biomineralisation.
- Another important characteristic of biominerals is the rich climate record that they entrap. In marine biominerals, this environmental record can be accessed via proxies of seawater temperature such as Mg:Ca and stable oxygen isotope composition (δ180). Such approaches also necessitate determination of biological and environmental influence on climate proxies.
- Concerns over ocean acidification as a consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, result in questions about how biomineralising organisms will cope, what their coping strategy will be and the identification of tipping points
Some of the analytical approaches that I employ are as follows:
Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) - Extracting crucial crystallographic data from biominerals at high spatial resolution
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) - Image, chemistry and crystallography (EBSD) of carbonate and phosphatic biominerals at the Imaging, Spectroscopy & Analysis Centre (ISAAC) of the School of Geographical & Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow. Contact Peter.Chung@glasgow.ac.uk for details of ISAAC Facility.
Microfluidics & Crystal Growth - Characterising rôle and function of biomineral proteins using crystal growth in microfluidics in order to understand their mode of action in control of mineral polymorph, crystal habit and ultrastructure
Material properties - Using nanoindentation to determine the material properties of biominerals and to identify relationships between material properties and mineral polymorph, crystallography, ultrastructure and organic content
Climate proxies - Identifying the influence of biology and environment on the seawater temperature proxies such as Mg:Ca ratios and δ180
Synchrotron Analyses - Tomography of biomineral structures and chemistry of climate proxies
Large Grants from Research Councils & Charities
Yin, H. & Cusack, M. 2012-2014. Shell inspiration: turning nature’s secrets into engineering solutions. £100k EPSRC.
Cusack, M., Phoenix, V. and Kamenos, N. 2011-2015. Biomineralisation: protein and mineral response to ocean acidification, £225k (The Leverhulme Trust).
Smith, B., Rhiele, M & Cusack, M. 2011-2015. Functionalised, sticky proteins to direct biomineralisation and cell adhesion. University of Glasgow Lord Kelvin/Adam Smith Scholarship to support a PhD studentship.
Balthasar, U. and Cusack, M. 2009-2012. The role of skeletal microstructure in evolution, €249k (Volkswagen Foundation). Co-Investigators: M. Aberhan (Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt University, Berlin).
Cusack, M. 2007-2008 Crossing the shell-bone divide, £100.5k (MRC Discipline Hopping Award). Co-Investigators: Professor William Fraser (Royal Liverpool Hospital).
Cusack, M., Freer, A.A.(Chemistry), Gadegaard, N. & Dobson, P. (Electronic & Electric Engineering). 2007-2011. Engineering novel bio-inspired materials, University of Glasgow Lord Kelvin/Adam Smith Scholarship to support a PhD studentship.
Freer, A.A. (Chemistry) and Cusack, M. 2007-2011. Understanding polymorph production and control in calcite/aragonite biominerals, £331k Co-Investigators: C Wilkinson & Nikolaj Gadegaard (Electronics & Electrical Engineering)
Cusack, M. 2006-2009. Crystallography for biology - as easy as EBSD, £326k
Cusack, M. 2006. Relationship between brachiopod shell crystallography and climate proxies such as isotopic and trace element composition., £17.4k (F/00179 Leverhulme Trust Visiting Fellowship for Dr Alberto Perez-Huerta.
Grants for Access to Facilities
Balthasar, U. and Cusack, M. 2009. Deciphering the evolution of calcite biomineralisation from organophosphatic ancestors in brachiopods using tomography, Grant-in-kind £15k (Swiss Light Source).
Cusack, M. & Dalbeck, P. 2008. Assessing the influence of biological control and low level diagenetic alteration of corals on seawater temperature proxies. Grant in kind of £25k. NERC Ionprobe Facility, Edinburgh (IMF 334/0508).
Cusack, M., Chung, P. and Fraser, W.D. (Royal Liverpool Hospital). 2008. High resolution 3-D structure of Paget’s & Alkaptonuria bone. £15k grant-in-kind (Swiss Light Source).
Kamenos, N.A. and Cusack M. 2007 Magnesium in coralline algae, £30k (Swiss Light Source, grant-in-kind).
Cusack, M., Perez-Huerta, A. and Finch, A. (University of St. Andrews) 2007. Magnesium in lattice of calcite brachiopods?, £25k grant-in-kind (Swiss Light Source).
Perez-Huerta, A. and Cusack M. 2007 3D calcite biomineral structures in brachiopod shells - insight into the cellular contribution to biomineralisation, £20k (Swiss Light Source, grant-in-kind).
Cusack, M. 2006. Disentangling biological, ontogenetic and environmental influences on oxygen isotope composition of brachiopod and bivalve shells., £25k grant-in-kind (NERC IIMP284/1006). Oxygen isotope and trace element measurements at NERC Ion Probe Facility in Edinburgh. Co-Investigators: P. Dalbeck & A. Perez Huerta.
Cusack, M. 2006. XANES mapping at the sulphur K-edge in carbonate lattice of marine invertebrates Awarded 12 shifts of beam time on beam line ID21 at the European Synchrotron Research Facility, Grenoble. European Science Foundation.
- Penelope Donohue (PhD candidate) The Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Calcifying Organisms. MASTS Prize Scholarship with Nick Kamenos.
- Vibhuti Desai (PhD candidate) Functionalised, sticky proteins to direct biomineralisation and cell adhesion. Lord Kelvin/Adam Smith PhD studentship with Brian Smith and Mathis Riehle, both of the College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences.
My teaching is currently being covered by Dr Daisy Rood via a grant from the Leverhulme Trust. My usual teaching profile is as follows:
Level 1
- Earth Resources for Environmental Science students (Lecture & laboratory course)
Level 2
- Modern World part of Palaeobiology Earth Sciences Module (Lecture & laboratory course). 7 day field teaching on Arran
Level 3
- Integrated Problem Solving
Level 4
- Co-ordinate all aspects of laboratory projects
- Organise poster session for general understanding of science
- Contribute to Major Earth Processes Course
Researcher ID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/A-2532-2009
Prizes & Fellowship
2011 Elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
2008 Awarded the Saltire Society’s Scottish Science Award for my work in Earth Sciences (2007).
Administrative Responsibilities
- Head of School of Geographical & Earth Sciences, August 2011 – July 2015
- Co-Chair of SAGES Exec Committee (2011/2012)
- Member of the editorial board of
- Chemical Geology
- Earth & Environmental Transactions of the RSE
- Palaeontology.
Conference Organisation
Co-convening the following sessions:
With Nick Kamenos of the University of Glasgow and Murray Roberts of Heriot-Watt University: The Response of Marine Calcifiers to Global Climate Change and Ocean Acidification.
http://www.sgmeet.com/osm2012/special_sessions03.asp
Oceans Science 2012 Conference, Salt Lake City, USA 20-24 Feb 2012. http://www.sgmeet.com/osm2012/
With Alex Gagnon of the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab:
Biomineralisation and geochemical tracers of seawater composition
http://www.vmgoldschmidt.org/2012/t13.htm
Goldschmidt Conference, Montreal, Canada 24-29 June 2012.
http://www.vmgoldschmidt.org/2012/index.htm
