University of Glasgow
Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a person who wishes to gain access to a resource.
Authorisation is the process of establishing what resources a person is allowed access to
Encryption is the process whereby information is made difficult or impossible to read without the knowledge of a "key" which "unlocks" it. The science of the technology and techniques used to provide encryption is generically referred to as cryptography.
PGP is a highly secure public key encryption program originally written by Philip Zimmermann.