Philosophy of Religion Mind Mapping Project


Ontological Arguments


Attachments:
Ontological Arguments, by Graham Oppy
To Navigation Map
Ontological Argument Discussion Forum

1: An a priori argument

Attachments:
A priori and a posteriori defined in Wikipedia
A priori and a posteriori explained

2: First proposed by Anselm

Attachments:
'A Necessary God?', by Roy Jackson
Scholastic Philosophy Blog
Introduction to Anselm's writings
Critical Discussion

2.1: Ist form: God is a being than which nothing greater can be conceived

Attachments:
Annotated paraphrase of the argument
Proslogium Chapter 2

2.1.1: Gaunilo's Island objection

Attachments:
On behalf of the fool
Introduction to Gaunilo's objection

2.1.1.1: Anselm's reply: God is not an example of a kind, but the most perfect thing of all

Attachments:
Anselm replies to the Island objection

2.2: 2nd form: Something can be thought to exist that cannot be thought not to exist

Attachments:
God as a necessary being
Proslogium Chapter 3
Philosophy Cafe site

2.3: Criticisms of Anselm

Attachments:
Philosophers criticise Anselm

3: Kant's objection

Attachments:
Kant criticises Anselm

3.1: Existence is not a predicate

Attachments:
Explanation of the idea that existence is not a predicate
'Existence is not a predicate' analysed
Kant text

3.1.1: Existence cannot be given in our concept of an object

Attachments:
The philosophical concept of 'existence' explained
Wikipedia on existence

Mental Connections:
     ---- Therefore, no existential proposition can express a necessary truth

3.1.2: There is no contradiction in denying the existence of a necessary being

Attachments:
God and other necessary beings
Logic and necessary being
What is a necessary being?
Logical possibility explained in Wikipedia

3.1.2.1: We can deny the object and the predicates, but not just the predicates

3.1.2.1.1: Therefore, no existential proposition can express a necessary truth

Mental Connections:
     ---- Existence cannot be given in our concept of an object

3.1.2.1.1.1: Existential propositions are synthetically true, if they are true at all

Attachments:
Analytic and synthetic truth

4: Plantinga's modal version

Attachments:
The analytic theist
Vurtual Plantinga library
Graham Oppy on Plantinga's argument
Modal logic article in Wikipedia
Plantinga's argument explained

4.1: If God's existence is possible, it is actual in some possible world

Attachments:
Wikipedia on possible worlds

5: Final assessment

5.1: Outstanding questions

5.1.1: Is existence a predicate?

5.1.2: Which version of the argument is the most powerful?

5.1.3: Does any version of the argument succeed?





Summary of Mental Connections in map:

Existence cannot be given in our concept of an object ->     -> Therefore, no existential proposition can express a necessary truth


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